Fang La (? -1 12 1 year), also known as Fang XIII, was born in Shexian County, Anhui Province, and his ancestral home was Qingxi (now Chun 'an County, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province). Leader of peasant uprising in the late Northern Song Dynasty. According to legend, because of his generous temperament, extensive support, strong organizational ability and his own poor background, he can attract many poor farmers. 5438+01June 20 led an uprising in Qixian village of Shexian county and established peasant regimes in six counties, including Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui and Jiangxi. It had a great influence at that time. 1 12 1 In the summer of, the uprising failed, and Fang La was captured and executed by the court. After Fang La was executed, people in some places in Shexian and Chun 'an still respected the leader of the peasant uprising. To commemorate him, many place names were named after him, and these places still include Fang La Cave and Fang La Village. There is a song, "Yunshui Tong Jia Store", which was played twice; The folk song "Fang La revolted after the turtle drowned" not only shows the village where he lived, but also shows his motivation for the uprising. During the Xuanhe period, farmers could not sell tea, which was not enough to pay taxes. Farmers had to stop picking tea leaves, and the pickers fell into the stream. It was a drought in western Zhejiang, and it didn't rain in July and August. The seedlings were brown and there was no hope of autumn harvest, but officials imposed taxes. Fang La revolted in Gan Jie, Fang La in the second year of Xuanhe 10. Fang La has a clear-cut stand, advocating the realization of real equality, and "robbing people of all their wealth and keeping them scattered". He is determined to completely overthrow the Song Dynasty and liberate all the working people in the world. In April of the third year of Xuanhe, Fang La was defeated in the decisive battle between the uprising base and Song Jun, and was forced to take his cronies back to the caves in the northeast of Dongyuan Village to hide. Because the traitor acted as a guide, he was unfortunately arrested and taken to Bianjing. Fang La Uprising laid 52 counties in six states, which was half of the southeast, and fundamentally shook the rule of the Northern Song Dynasty. Since then, it has never recovered and soon collapsed. The last cave in Fang La is called "Fang La Cave".

During the Xuanhe period of the Northern Song Dynasty, Song Huizong loved flowers, stones, bamboo and wood, set up Suzhou-Hangzhou Yingfeng Bureau in the south of the Yangtze River, and sent Zhu Cuo and other minions to the southeast to search for folk flowers, stones, bamboo and rare treasures, and transported them to Bianjing by big ships. Every ten ships formed a class, which was called "Flower Stone Class". Qingxi produces a large amount of bamboo and wood paint, which is the key place for the bureau to take. This heavy burden is passed on to farmers, especially the extremely poor people who make a living by selling their labor. As a domestic worker, Fang La felt the pain of exploitation and oppression even more. Therefore, he hated the reactionary rule of the Song Dynasty and rose up against it.

In October of the second year of Xuanhe (1 120), Fang La had a regular family as a helper in Dongyuan, Wannian Township, and actively contacted people from all directions to prepare for the uprising. Fang Youchang discovered their secret activities and sent his second son Fang Xiong to the county to report them. On the ninth day of October, Fang La found out that things were exposed, so he killed the Chang family in Dongyuan Village (only the third son Fang Geng fled over the wall), righteously. Fang La gathered more than a thousand people, and at the east end of Dongyuan Village, there was an oath ceremony for the lacquer garden of Chang's family.

At the swearing-in meeting, Fang La made a big speech and angrily exposed the evil rule of the Song Dynasty: "Today, taxes are heavy, officials invade fishing, and farming and mulberry are not enough. Those who live on us paint bamboo and fungi, and we know that we have no extra money. ..... My people work hard all the year round, my wife is hungry and cold, and I don't have enough to eat for a day. " Finally, Fang La issued a call for "the people in the southeast have been exploited for a long time", calling on everyone to rise up in Fuyi, so that "the four sides will be informed of the response, and the people can get together in ten days. ..... but I draw a river and keep it, frivolous and generous, in order to recruit private capital. Four directions. Who doesn't want to come to Korea? Ten years will eventually be mixed. "

Fang La put forward distinctive political slogans and propositions and put them into revolutionary practice. The rebel army he led burned the Confucius Temple, destroyed statues and killed corrupt officials. Criticizing the hypocrisy of "legal equality without competition" in Buddhist teachings, pointing out that "legal equality without competition" advocates realizing real equality; "robbing people of their wealth and keeping them scattered"; "There are very poor people, and many people receive money to help ... Those who come in and out, although they don't know it, are all in the valley, and the words are inexhaustible, which is called one family."

Fang La's political ideas and revolutionary actions were deeply supported by the poor people, and hundreds of people gathered in a few days. Since the title of saint, I changed to Yongle, and I was partial to the general. I took the towel as the distinction, and went up from the red towel, and there was six. Suppress the resistance of the landlord armed forces in Bangyuan area, occupy Wannian Town, an important town in the northwest of Qingxi County, and then head for the county seat. At this time, Cai Zun and Yan Tan, the governors of Zhejiang and Jiangxi Provinces, led 5000 soldiers to make a conquest. 1 1 on 28th, Fang La wiped them out in the pit. This is the first battle of the rebels in Fang La. The next day, Fang La laid the Qingxi County. Qingxi County was attacked in December, and Zhou Mu, the first state, was captured on the 4th. Then he occupied the counties of Zhoumu. Fang La led the main force westward to attack Zhou She, and conquered it on1February 20th. Then I went back to the Eastern Front and headed for Hangzhou. 1On February 29th, Hangzhou was occupied, and the revolutionary forces developed and strengthened. "Millions of people are in danger". People all over the country rose in response to the Fang La Uprising: Lu Hange from Suzhou and Huzhou in the north of Zhejiang, Qiu Rixin from Shan County in the east of Zhejiang, Lv Shiniang and Yu from Yongjia in the south of Zhejiang, Huo Chengfu from Dongyang in Wuzhou, and Wu Bang from Lingshan in Lanxi in the west of Zhejiang. At this time, in Fang La, western Zhejiang, Zheng Zhu, Hongzai and the response troops have occupied Wuzhou, Quzhou and Chuzhou.

In Hangzhou, he made an adventurous decision to "go to the southeast counties" and sent seven buddha to attack Xiuzhou (now Jiaxing) with 60,000 troops, so as to capture Jinling in the north, thus realizing the plan of "painting the river and guarding the generals". At this point, Tong Guan led 6.5438+0.5 million soldiers and arrived in Xiuzhou. Fang seven buddha could not attack Xiuzhou and returned to Hangzhou. In February of the third year of Xuanhe, Fang La withdrew from Hangzhou, from Fuyang, Xincheng, Tonglu, Jiande and Qingxi, and finally returned to Bangyuan. On April 24th, Song Jun surrounded Bangyuan from east and west. Fang La is fighting Song Jun to the death at Yan Jiaxi Beach in Bangyuan. During the battle, Fang La's mount died and his combat knives were lost. Finally, he had to take his cronies and retreat to the caves in the northeast of dongyuan village to hide. The cave is divided into upper, middle and lower floors, which are extremely hidden and can't be found by loyalists at all. Governor Wang Bing ordered a search for the mountain. Guided by Fang Geng, General Han Shizhong bribed the traitor Fang Jing and found the cave where Fang La was hiding. On April 27th, after a life-and-death struggle, Fang La and his wife Bernard Shaw, Zi Fangbo and Prime Minister Fang Fei were captured. Xin Xingzong, the old general, then arrived and dug holes to plunder. Fang seven buddha and others took the opportunity to escape, captured 39 people and took them to Bianjing. On August 24th, Fang La died heroically in Bianjing.

The rest of Fang La persisted in the struggle until March of the following year, when the Fang La Uprising was finally suppressed. Fang La Uprising laid six states and fifty-two counties, which shook the southeast half and fundamentally shook the rule of the Northern Song Dynasty. As an outstanding leader of the peasant uprising, Fang La will always be remembered by people. The last cave in Fang La is called "Fang La Cave". There are Fang La Cave and Fang La Temple in memory of Fang La in all parts of the province and even in neighboring Anhui.