A peasant revolutionary organization founded by Feng Yunshan and Hong Xiuquan before the founding of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. 1843, Hong Xiuquan founded the worship of God, and Feng Yunshan and Hong Gan became the earliest believers. Hong Xiuquan led an armed uprising against the rule of the Qing Dynasty and the establishment of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. Because it broke out in Jintian Village, Guiping County, Guangxi, it was called jintian uprising.
1862- 1864 Taiping rebels fought a bitter battle to defend the capital Tianjing. 1862 in may, Ceng Guoquan, governor of Jiangsu province, and Peng Yulin, assistant minister of the Ministry of war, marched into Tianjing in two ways.
Li Xiucheng was ordered to return from southern Jiangsu. 65438+ 10/3, Li Xiucheng personally led the main force to launch a fierce battle with Ceng Guoquan, which was unbeaten for a long time. June165438+1October 26th, voluntary withdrawal. Since then, Hong Xiuquan sent Li Xiucheng to "attack the south from the north" and lift the siege of Beijing. Li Xiucheng reluctantly agreed. However, this battle was defeated and defeated. The failure of these two battles put Tianjing in a difficult position.
From then on, the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom was no longer able to organize large-scale attacks and could only rely on the Yugoslav capital fortifications for passive defense. 1March, 864, Xiang army encircled Tianjing. Hong Xiuquan died in June of 1 year. /kloc-in July of 0/9, Tianjing fell, and all the soldiers guarding the city died heroically except a few who broke through.
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The lessons of the failure of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement are very profound. This great war, in which millions of people participated, failed to maintain the unity of the leading core in the organization because of the premature feudalization of the leading group in politics, and made repeated mistakes in military strategic decision-making.
As well as the lack of diplomatic experience, the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom advocated "one religion under the same roof", which made its leaders not really realize the essence of the great powers, and was finally suppressed at home and abroad and fell into failure. The Taiping Revolution took place in the early days of China's entry into modern society. It was not only a simple peasant war, but also an old bourgeois democratic revolution, which can be said to be the prelude to the old democratic revolution in China's modern history.
It promulgated the "China Land System", which developed farmer egalitarianism to the peak. Formally speaking, the rule of the Qing Dynasty lasted for nearly half a century, but during this half century, the people of China were influenced and encouraged by the revolution of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom and never stopped their struggle against the feudal dynasty. Half a century later, the Xinhai Revolution finally broke out.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement
China Net-Memorandum of Major Events of Taiping Heavenly Kingdom