In the Middle Ages, asceticism was advocated, and the mainstream was religious literature. Therefore, the Renaissance overthrew religious asceticism in the Middle Ages under the banner of ancient Greece and Rome. Its essence is to promote human nature, elevate people to an unprecedented height, and even have a tendency to replace God. Renaissance literature pays attention to describing secular life, affirming people's rights, liberating people with individuality and opposing obscurantism with reason. That is one of the two slogans of Renaissance literature.
/kloc-the essence of critical realism in the 0/9th century is to oppose the Enlightenment which advocates democracy, freedom, equality and fraternity. However, with the development of capitalism, people are gradually alienated by money, and the "rational kingdom" described by the enlightener has become a bubble. Westerners are disappointed, and the romantic and realistic ideals in Europe are illusory. As a result, people began to calm down and reflect on reality, analyze social atmosphere and expose the darkness of reality.