First, language does not attach importance to ornamentation, it is bright and elegant, and it combines reality with reality.
Language is the materialized form of poet's emotion and the most superficial image of poetry. Wang Wei pursues bright and elegant language, which is neither rich nor gorgeous, nor strange, nor unpleasant. He pays attention to nature and truth and the enlightenment of language, showing the freedom, freedom and consciousness of poetic language. Such as "living in the mountains is the thing":
The door of the hedge is closed, looking at the oblique sunlight in the evening. Crane perches on the surrounding pine trees, and tourists are left in cold and sparse places.
Tender bamboo contains new powder, and red lotus loses its clothes. Fishing boats on the ferry are shuttling little by little, and there are people coming and going everywhere.
The poet wrote the quiet, pleasant and full of vitality in the mountain environment with simple language and simple description. Under the background of hazy sunset, Gu Song towering into the sky, cranes hovering, few tourists, Chai Fei alone, can be described as quiet. The poet used the words boundless, all over and sparse to render the silent atmosphere, and used vivid words such as new powder, falling, fireworks and everywhere to convey the vibrant weather of nature and the spirit of people enjoying themselves.
The first half of "Mountain Autumn Borer" wrote:
The empty mountains are bathed in a new rain, and feel the early autumn at night. The bright moon shed clear light from the cracks and cleared the fountain on the rocks.
The word "empty mountain" points out that this place is like a paradise. At the beginning of Shan Yu, everything was new, and it was early autumn evening. It is conceivable that the air is fresh and the scenery is wonderful. It is already dark, but there is a bright moon in the sky; The fragrance of the group has faded, but there are pines and cypresses, and the mountain springs are clear, flowing on the rocks, like a pure white practice, shining in the moonlight, what a quiet and clear natural beauty!
It is through fresh, elegant, natural and simple language that touching natural scenery is expressed, reaching the artistic perfection, expressing the poet's personality beauty and ideal social beauty with natural beauty, and expressing his own voice through landscape description, which is rich in connotation, swaying and intriguing.
Wang Wei's poems are mostly empty words, and the two couplets in the middle are "like Hanshui in the plate":
The river crosses heaven and earth, where the colors of the mountains are yes and no. Human habitation seems to float on the ripples in the distant sky.
Zhuan Xu has expanded the spatial span of mountains and rivers as much as possible, making them endless. The "nothing happened" mountains and the "outside world" rivers show the width and length of the river. The poet used "presence or absence" and "outside" to point out that the picture changed from real scene to virtual white. The word "floating" is used in the necklaces to describe the vastness of the water potential with the illusion that the county is floating and the sky is swaying, which seems to describe the county as a mirage. But only in this way can we truly show the magnificent and boundless scenery of Qianpu. This can not but benefit from the plain and natural language of Wang Wei's poetry, but also from the delicacy of body and material.
Second, the image is ethereal and transparent, illusory and quiet, full of changes.
Si Kongtu once used "white clouds" to compare the charm of "transcendence" in "Poetry" and said, "Like white clouds, the breeze returns. If it is far away, it is no longer right. " It is based on this consideration and this effect that Wang Wei personifies the mind into white clouds.
In Wang Wei's poems, the cloud is the most used image;
Just left, I want to ask again, look at the white clouds floating. ? 6? 2? 6? 2? 6? 2? 6? 2 Farewell
I don't know where Ji Xiang Temple is, so I climbed several miles into the clouds and peaks. ? 6? 2? 6? 2? 6? 2? 6? 2 "Over Ji Xiang Temple"
Sometimes go to the end of the water to seek the source, or sit and watch the ever-changing clouds rise. ? 6? 2? 6? 2? 6? 2? 6? 2 "My Retreat in Zhongnanshan"
Looking back at the eagle wilderness, thousands of twilight clouds spread to the horizon. ? 6? 2? 6? 2? 6? 2? 6? 2 "hunting"
For example, Chai Lu:
No one can be seen in the silent valley, only the voice is heard. The shadow of the sunset shone into the depths of the forest, and the scenery on the moss was pleasant.
Sunset, the moss reflected by sunset, and the deep forest that no one hears can arouse many reverie and aesthetic enjoyment! In the mountains and valleys, Wang Wei not only placed his ideal of life that is noble and not integrated with the secular, but also devoted his sincere love to the beauty of nature. Including those poems that embody Zen philosophy and give people a sense of extreme seclusion, there is also a lively, fresh and bright artistic conception. Another example is Wu Xinyi:
On the Artistic Conception of Wang Wei's Pastoral Poems
The branches of the topmost hibiscus flowers are full of scarlet calyx in the mountains. The mouth of a stream is silent, without a trace. They open and fall.
This poem expresses the empty land beside the empty mountain and the hibiscus that blooms and falls. However, this "empty" land is not completely dead and barren. Beneath the "empty" surface, there is a leap of life, and the blooming hibiscus flowers are the symbol of this life.
The artistic conception in Wang Wei's works is not flat, single and unchangeable. When he created the artistic conception of objective scenery, he made the objective scenery have a strong poet's subjective color through his own immersion and feeling. To borrow Wang Guowei's words, it is to turn a "land without me" into a "land with me", thus forming an artistic image: in order to express its melancholy, space objects lose their inherent natural attributes and are covered with poets' strong subjective feelings, such as Hua Zigang; In order to express its sense of emptiness and silence, time seems to have stopped passing, such as Chai Lu; As you like, green seems to moisten people's skirts, such as In the Mountains; Even the moonlight can wake up birds, such as "Bird Song Stream"; Blue raspberry moss can be used to dye people's clothes, such as books. Under the reflection of the poet's subjective will, the objective landscape becomes a psychological image to express the poet's feelings.
Third, pay attention to color, put pen to paper from the virtual place, and give priority to with bluish white.
Wang Wei's pastoral poems are called "painting in poetry" and "sound in painting", which makes sense. Wang Wei put paintings into poems, which made the layout of pastoral poems in his works orderly and full of beautiful pictures. Painting pays attention to the combination of reality and reality, and often leaves gaps for readers to supplement. Wang Wei is well aware of this. When describing landscapes, he often starts with imaginary places, such as the couplet "This river flows through the heavens and the earth, and there are both mountains and mountains here" quoted from "Over the Hanshui River". The vast rivers and seas, the empty Shan Ye, have the artistic effect of winning more with less and taking one as ten.
An important sign of the maturity of pastoral poetry is the conscious degree of color application. As a painter and poet, Wang Wei is more creative in understanding and conveying the value of color.
Take "mountain" as an example:
The stream of the river has been flowing for less than a day, and white stones are exposed on the riverbed. The weather is getting colder and the red leaves on the branches are becoming scarce. There is no rain on the winding mountain road, the smoke is misty in the dense pine trees, and the water vapor is heavy, as if to flow, and then the clothes of passers-by.
A seemingly random touch of dye is actually unnatural. The poet's choice of Qiushan itself has profound implications. The lush autumn mountains are dotted with scattered red leaves, and then lined with poetic and artistic spirit bred through illusion. The whole painting is shrouded in a kind of smoke that seems unreal and is really moved by life.
Just as the southern painting school he initiated was dominated by ink and wash, it showed the physics and texture of mountains and rivers in the change of ink and wash shades. Wang Wei's poems prefer blue and white;
The shadow of the sunset shone into the depths of the forest, and the scenery on the moss was pleasant. ? 6? 2? 6? 2? 6? 2? 6? 2 "Chai Lu"
Sitting watching the color of moss, I want to put on my clothes. ? 6? 2? 6? 2? 6? 2? 6? 2 "Festival"
There is no rain on the winding mountain road, the smoke is misty in the dense pine trees, and the water vapor is heavy, as if to flow, and then the clothes of passers-by. ? 6? 2? 6? 2? 6? 2? 6? 2 "In the Mountains"
This can also be seen in the poet's works, such as "The rain in Weicheng is light and the dust is light, and the green willow in the guest house is new" in "Send Yuan 20 An Xi". When the rain stops, the sky is high and the clouds are light, and the road is clean. The willows on the roadside were washed away by the rain, and the new color of the willows set off the green of the guest house, forming a fresh and clear picture. Another example is "Baishitan":
The clear and shallow white stone beach is as green as duckweed. Living in water, under the bright moon.
The water on the floodplain, the rocks under the water and the cattails in the water are as clear as a picture. When the bright moon shines through the beach water, the water is "clear", the beach is "shallow" and the underwater rocks are "white". Not only that, from the bottom covered with white stones to the clear and transparent water surface, you can clearly see the "green cattail" growing in it. They are so fat and tender that they can almost be picked by hand. What is particularly noteworthy here is the word "green": when the light is weak, the stunning color will be dark, and green can be seen, indicating that the moonlight is bright. The moon is bright, the water is clear, the grass is green and the stone is white, which set each other off and give people a very distinct visual experience.
Fourth, pay attention to the sound, write static with motion, and dynamic and static set each other off.
Wang Wei's treatment of natural sounds is mainly reflected in the sound, such as The Flow of Birds;
People are idle, osmanthus flowers fall, and the night is quiet and empty. A hundred birds are startled when the moon rises, and the sound is deep.
People here are idle, the night is quiet, the mountains and the sky are quiet, which constitutes the silence of the mountain stream at night and in spring. The poet also wrote about flowers falling, the moon rising and birds singing. These moving scenery and the word "quiet" awaken a closely connected world, which not only cleans up the dead atmosphere, but also highlights the quiet beauty of the mountain stream and creates the realm of "more quiet in the mountains". Another example is "Ji Xiang Temple":
I don't know the way to Duixiang Temple. It's a few miles to the top of the mountain, through the deserted ancient forest, but now I hear the bell on high.
Stepping into the vast mountain forest, you will enter the peaks surrounded by white clouds in a few miles. In the jungle with towering old trees, no one can be seen. Suddenly, a faint bell came from nowhere and echoed in the empty valley in the deep mountains. Is there a path taken by anyone? Listening to people's voices, I don't know where it is, and then there are towering old trees and mountains on both sides. What a quiet and ethereal realm! The poet described the quiet mountain scenery and deliberately wrote faint bells, which not only did not dilute the tranquility of the whole environment, but added the quiet atmosphere of the deep mountain jungle.
Wang Wei's landscape poems are good at writing quietness with motion, writing quietness with motion, and writing his own extremely detailed feelings and capturing a moving scene in an instant. Such as "autumn night in the mountains" necklace:
The bamboo forest is sonorous, the washerwoman returns, and the lotus leaves are swaying to get on the canoe.
The first time the poet heard the sound of bamboo, he realized that it was "rejuvenation" and saw the "Lotus Movement" before he discovered "getting off a fishing boat". The poet wrote a detailed feeling of listening before seeing. "The Sound of Bamboo" and "The Lotus Movement" are beautiful dynamics, beautiful acoustics, natural, subtle and meaningful. It is not difficult to imagine how quiet it is after the "bamboo noise" and the "lotus movement", which is more poetic and intriguing than simply writing silence. In the fresh, quiet and energetic natural landscape, natural beauty and spiritual beauty are completely integrated, creating an ethereal, bright and elegant artistic conception.
Wang Wei's poetry started an era, which can be called "authentic" landscape poetry. His poems often combine the real scene with the virtual scene it implies and pursues, giving people the greatest aesthetic pleasure. At the same time, there is often some inner spirit between his poems and some objects he adopts, which makes him integrate everything into one, project it into color, image, sound and language, adapt to the ethereal, beautiful and elegant artistic conception, and make the pastoral poetry reach its peak, influence generations of poets, and become a poet with unique style, occupying an important page in the history of China literature.