But Stalin also made serious mistakes. Stalin's mistake is:
First, autocracy and paternalism are serious. After the 1920s, Stalin was no longer modest and prudent, and turned a deaf ear to criticism and suggestions. Eliminate the opposition within the party and use a lot of administrative and powerful means. The Soviet Constitution of 1936 is for people to see, but democracy and legal system have not been implemented.
Second, the personality cult is serious. He established a new Soviet-style privileged class, created a bureaucratic hierarchical society and created new inequalities.
Third, pursue great power doctrine towards weak countries. During World War II, it established the Eastern Front with Nazi Germany and signed a neutral treaty with Japan. From the overall situation, the loss outweighs the gain. On the one hand, these compromises made the fascist forces more rampant, on the other hand, they also seriously damaged the reputation of the socialist Soviet Union. Third, it damaged the relationship between the Soviet Union and neighboring small countries. 1939- 194 1 year, the Soviet union wantonly invaded the territories of small countries in eastern Europe. At the Yalta Conference, engaging in great power diplomacy with Churchill and Roosevelt showed the arrogance of great power chauvinism, plundered China's outer Mongolia and seriously damaged China's sovereignty. At the end of World War II, China could not be treated equally. He defended his privileges in Northeast China like the old czar.
Fourth, after the war, the brutal treatment of brother countries and the forced implementation of the Soviet model caused long-term hidden dangers to the development of socialist countries in Eastern Europe, and also made a very bad start for the hegemonism of the Soviet Union.
Fifth, some domestic policies of Stalin were too harsh. The purges in the 1930s wiped out some enemies, but the improper use of personnel killed many innocent people and caused irreparable losses.
Stalin was greatly praised by the propaganda media before his death, and was extremely contemptible and hateful by enemies at home and abroad after his death. Both are extreme and irrational. We need to know the glory, greatness and mistakes of Comrade Stalin. [Edit this paragraph] Early life
Stalin was born in Gori, Georgia, in the Caucasus on June 1879 +2 1 February. His mother tongue is Georgian, which is quite different from Russian. Later, he learned Russian, and he always spoke Russian with a strong Georgian accent.
Stalin grew up in poverty. His father was an Ossetian shoemaker and his mother was a Georgian serf. His father often drinks and beats his son. Joseph (Stalin) died at the age of eleven. Mother died in July 1937. When he was a child, Stalin went to a missionary school in Gori. When he was a teenager, he entered an Orthodox middle school in Tbilisi and began to engage in revolutionary activities in 1894. 1899 was expelled from school for propagating the idea of overthrowing the government, and later joined the underground Marxist movement and became party member of the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party (Bolshevik). The party split 1903, and he sided with the Bolsheviks. From then until 19 17, he has been actively engaged in the underground work of the party. From April 1902 to March 19 13, he was arrested seven times for participating in revolutionary activities and was exiled and imprisoned many times. During this period, he used the word "Stalin" (Iron Man). In Baku, when young Stalin robbed a bank due to lack of activity funds, he was arrested and imprisoned because of his inexperience, and later he was imprisoned many times for this. 19 12, Stalin has entered the ranks of famous Bolshevik activists. 1965438+arrived in July 20031965438+was exiled to Siberia in March 2007.
19 17 After the victory of the February Revolution, he returned to Petrograd from exile, led Pravda, attended the Seventh Congress of the All-Russian Bolshevik Party, and was elected as a member of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee. In July and August of the same year, the Bolshevik Party held its sixth congress in secret. When Lenin was unable to attend the meeting, Stalin made a summary report of the Central Committee and a report on the political situation on behalf of the CPC Central Committee. On June+10, 5438, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China held an enlarged meeting and adopted the Resolution of Armed Uprising. Stalin was elected to the party headquarters to lead the uprising. Under the leadership of Lenin, he actively participated in and organized the armed uprising (October Revolution) in Pitgler. After the victory of the October Revolution, he participated in the first People's Committee headed by Lenin.
After the victory of the October Revolution, Soviet Russia began to oppose foreign armed intervention and civil war. From 19 18 to 1920, he served as the People's Committee for Ethnic Affairs and the People's Committee of the Ministry of State Supervision during the Soviet Civil War. Stalin was repeatedly assigned by Lenin to the most critical front to direct the battle. During the period from 19 18 to 1920, the Soviet Russian government devoted itself to interfering with domestic reactionary forces and foreign armed forces, and Stalin played a key role in the overall victory of the war. 1922 In April, at the 11th Party Congress, Stalin was elected as the general secretary of the Central Committee of Russia at Lenin's suggestion. For the next 30 years, he has served as the highest leadership position of the party. 1922 Stalin became the general secretary of the Soviet * * * production party. Although Lenin appreciated Stalin's talent, he also criticized Stalin for being too rude and worried that he had unlimited power. Some people even say that Lenin suggested "removing the post of general secretary" in his political will, and Stalin later succeeded in destroying this will.
1924+0 After Lenin's death in June, Stalin became the supreme leader of the League. At the same time, he also began to brutally eliminate other political parties and political opponents within the party to ensure that his line can be fully implemented. With the left-wing opponents Trotsky, Zinoviev, Kamenev, right-wing opponents Bukharin launched a line struggle.
1April 1925 At the 14th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, Stalin made every effort to industrialize, and the Bolshevik Central Committee put forward the general line of socialist construction, transforming the Soviet Union from an agricultural country to an industrial country. He presided over the 15th National Congress of communist party, China, which adopted the proposal of agricultural collectivization. 1936 16 In February, Stalin made a report on the draft new constitution at the Eighth National Congress of the Soviet Union. This draft constitution was passed, and it was called "Stalin Constitution". Later, the Soviet Constitution was basically based on this version, forming a highly centralized political and economic system. One of Stalin's economic policies is agricultural collectivization. This policy was very unpopular among some farmers, and Stalin took high-handed measures to implement the policy of agricultural collectivization. Another policy pursued by Stalin was to accelerate the industrialization of the Soviet Union. Although Stalin's industrialization policy still has some shortcomings, it is very successful on the whole.
Under the leadership of Stalin, the Soviet Union has undergone earth-shaking changes during the decade from the late 1920s to the late 1930s. On the one hand, Stalin adopted two "five-year plans", which enabled the Soviet Union, a traditional backward agricultural country, to quickly change its appearance and establish a complete and independent industrial and military system. During this period, the industrial output value of the Soviet Union increased more than four times, with an average annual growth rate of 16.8%, and the development of heavy industry increased nine times, with an average annual growth rate of 2 1.2%. By 1940, the Soviet Union has become the second largest industrial country in the world, and its total industrial output value ranks first in Europe, second only to the United States.
During the period of 1930, Stalin's sweeping activities called "eliminating counter-revolutionary movements within the Party" left a deep impression on later generations. After taking power from 65438 to 0934, Stalin launched a series of purges. The cause of these cleansing campaigns was the assassination of Sergey Kirov in February 1934+ 1 Day. In the following years, many leaders of the Chinese Communist Party were accused of treason and sentenced to death, purging the whole party and army that came to the Soviet Union after expansion. A large number of cadres were killed. For example, more than two thirds of the members of the Central Committee elected at the 1934 Party Congress were killed in the subsequent purges. Millions of people were sent to labor camps. Later, it was believed that the purge of the army by the counter-revolutionary movement led to a great decline in the quality of the army, which was one of the reasons why the Soviet Red Army suffered heavy losses in the early days of the Soviet-German War. 1941may, Stalin became the chairman of the Soviet people's Committee and became the supreme leader of the Soviet party and government.
Stalin also led the improvement and expansion of Soviet diplomatic relations and the legal system construction in the 1930s. He first gradually improved the hostile relations with Britain and France, and formally established diplomatic relations with the United States in 1933. 1934, the Soviet Union was accepted as a member of the League of Nations and became a permanent member, which completely broke away from the isolation in the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China and entered the international stage as a big country. At the end of 1936, Stalin gave a report on the draft new constitution at the Eighth National Congress of the Soviet Union, and then adopted the draft Soviet Constitution (also known as "Stalin's Constitution", which was based on this version after several revisions), legally stipulating the highly centralized political system and planned economic system of the Soviet Union.