The level of circular economics Circular economics is economics first, followed by circular economics. If this is not the case, it is not called circular economics, but called economic cycle. Economics is the study of economics, which generally involves the production, distribution (including exchange, the same below) and use of products. The process of production is the process of configuring environmental factors into products. So some people think that economics is the study of how to allocate resources effectively. On the one hand, the distribution process is to distribute environmental factors to products, on the other hand, to distribute products to different people. Based on this, some people think that economics is a science that studies the relations of production and its development law. The use process of products is the process that products degenerate into environmental factors, and the purpose of human production is to use products. Circular economics has three levels, the first level is theory, the second level is operation, and the third level is ethics. These three levels are complementary, integrated and inseparable. Ethically speaking, circular economy aims to coordinate the relationship between people and between people and nature. The relationship between people is a distribution relationship in economy. People's income is obtained through distribution. If people can't distribute the corresponding products for human reasons, it is obviously difficult to have a coordinated relationship between people. There is no harmonious interpersonal relationship. Everyone living in this relationship is a victim, and at the same time, everyone is a victim (extreme examples are Ma Jiajue and Qiu Xinghua, who are both victims). The means of distribution may or may not be money. On the premise of using money as a means of distribution, an important task is to prevent social polarization. Measures to prevent polarization include establishing social security system, medical security system and education security system. This is impossible for the market. Therefore, when introducing market means, we must pay attention to the use of non-market means. When market economy countries use market means, they also use a lot of non-market means. The effect of using economic means depends on people's ideological level, not the economic means itself. When we preach "rational man", what we advocate is how to be selfish and how to maximize our own interests. Maximizing everyone's interests leads to "fighting", because under certain production conditions, maximizing one person's interests means minimizing the interests of another person. The relationship between man and nature is that man transforms the environmental elements of nature into products, and then degenerates the products into environmental elements. Man is not only a member of nature, but also a changer of natural structure. The logic behind saying that man destroys the environment is that man and nature are opposites and man is a part of nature. How can he have the ability to destroy nature? In fact, those who say that people destroy nature are only emphasizing that people are changing the structure of nature, and this change makes people's living environment worse and worse. Protecting the environment is a structure for people to maintain nature. Man has no ability to protect the environment any more than he has no ability to destroy the natural environment. Nature is composed of environmental factors, products and negative products, and they must maintain a certain balance. By protecting the environment, we mean maintaining the structure of the environment, that is, maintaining the balance between products, environmental factors and negative products. If there are no negative products in nature, it should not be good for human beings, just as there must be some harmful bacteria in the human body. If there are no harmful bacteria in the human body, it will definitely be unfavorable to the balance of the human body, and naturally so. How to judge the balance of natural products, negative products and environmental factors is a systematic project, which requires the joint efforts of people from all disciplines. Each subject uses different concepts because of its different nature. For example, in terms of product cycle movement, although different disciplines are based on the first and second laws of thermodynamics, they use completely different concepts. Some people use material flow and energy flow to describe this process, while others use product cycle movement to describe this process. In order to use concepts uniformly, communication and cooperation between disciplines are very important. Operationally speaking, the main body of managing circular economy is people, who are the managers of product circular movement, currency circular movement and economic circular movement. People who manage circular economy include natural persons, organizers and countries. Product circular movement is a process in which environmental factors are constantly transformed into products and products are constantly degraded into environmental factors. This process can be divided into four sub-processes: product production, product distribution, product use and decomposition of environmental factors in nature. The first three sub-processes are completed by people, and the last sub-process is completed naturally. The production process inputs environmental factors and outputs products. People always want to get the maximum output with the least input, which is reduction. At the same time, people also want to produce products with the least negative impact, which is also a reduction. People also hope that production is clean production. The question is to what extent can our technology support our emission reduction and cleaner production? This problem can only be solved by technical experts, because circular economics cannot solve technical problems, otherwise it is not called circular economics, but circular technology. The distribution of products among different people is a problem that many circular economics have not analyzed. Distribution uses money, and the problem of distribution is the process of currency circulation. On the one hand, currency circulation transforms shadow currency (product) into currency, on the other hand, it constantly transforms currency into shadow currency. Distribution affects the production of products in the form of income, cost and profit. When production loses money due to distribution, production may stop. Circular economy and market economy are contradictory, the goal of market economy is profit, and the goal of circular economy is not profit. Economic benefits and environmental benefits are contradictory, because when everyone is talking about environmental benefits, if you talk about environmental benefits, your products will have no cost advantage and thus lose their competitiveness. It is one-sided to emphasize the legislation of circular economy. We should know that both legislation and law enforcement need people to do it, which will increase the cost of society and worsen the living environment of enterprises. Therefore, legislation for circular economy must be cautious again. The law is serious, not for fun. China's current laws are not serious, which is inseparable from some people's one-sided view that having laws is better than having no laws. Because everyone is equal before the law, but not before the law! The use of products is a process in which products are constantly degraded into environmental elements, including reuse and recycling. Reuse means putting environmental elements degraded from products back into use, and prolonging the service life of products means reuse. Technology is the key to complete reuse and recovery. There is no technical basis, so I can only talk about it. The decomposition process of environmental factors in nature is a natural process, and natural process economics is not studied because it is a matter of other disciplines. Natural persons, organizers and countries play different roles in the process of managing circular economy. As the producer, user and owner of products, natural person's role is to use less environmental factors in production and release less negative products. Enterprises should clean production and recycle environmental factors. The state arranges industrial networks, industrial chains and enterprises according to the route of product circular movement. As for supporting circular economy in system, policy and law, we need to consider what we will do when we mature, and it must be based on certain theoretical research. Theoretically speaking, circular economics consists of three cycles, one is the circular movement of products, the other is the circular movement of money and the other is the circular movement of economy. Product circular movement is the first cycle of circular economics, and it is the place where circular economics is concentrated at present. It must be pointed out that the 3R principle or 5R principle is the principle that product production should follow, not the principle of circular economics. The principle of circular economics is to establish enterprises, industrial chains and industrial networks based on the circular movement route of products. This is the fundamental difference between circular economics and traditional economics. Traditional economics is based on economic benefits and comparative advantages to establish enterprises, industrial chains and industrial networks. It is for this reason that the industrial structure of our country is deformed. Traditional economics does not deny the 3R principle, because getting the best economic benefits with the least consumption is no different from the 3R principle. As for the problem of external diseconomy, it cannot be solved by market economy. Coase said that it is impossible to internalize the external economy. To solve the internalization of external problems, the first thing we encounter is the problem of property rights. Who will define property rights? Property rights can never be defined. As for Coase's claim that the transaction cost is zero, it is a problem of productism. In capitalism, the transaction cost must be equal to zero. The circular movement of products is an environmental factor-product-environmental factor. . . Product-environmental factors. . . Circular motion, it has open circuit circular motion and closed circuit circular motion. The so-called open-loop movement means that all environmental elements degraded from products cannot be transformed into products, and the so-called closed-loop movement means that all environmental elements degraded from products can be transformed into products. The open-circuit product circulation movement has evolved into a closed-circuit product circulation movement, with technology as its core and market economy as its foundation. Market economy and circular economy are contradictory. Market economy pursues the maximization of interests, while circular economy pursues the harmonious relationship between people and between people and nature. Market economy is immoral, but circular economy stresses morality. Influenced by the thought of market economy, people who tell lies and flatter now have created the historical record of China, which is the "precious wealth" brought by market economy. Currency circular movement is the second cycle of circular economics. Currency circular movement is shadow currency-currency-shadow currency. . . Circular motion. There are two kinds of currency circulation: open circulation and closed circulation. The so-called closed-loop movement means that the issuers and users of money can take back the money they have issued and used, while the open-loop movement means that the issuers and users of money cannot take back the money they have issued and used. The circular motion of money affects the circular motion of products through price changes. When a product has a strong ability to absorb gold, the production capacity of the product will continue to expand until its demand level drops. It is worth noting that in some cases, the expansion of output can not only reduce people's demand order, but also improve people's demand order, such as the current real estate industry. Of course, the demand level will eventually decline, and the decline at that time was exponential, which created conditions for the complete collapse of real estate. China's real estate will definitely collapse, which is determined by the characteristics of the market economy. Protecting the environment by collecting sewage charges is achieved by influencing the circulation of products through the circulation of money. The increase in sewage charges means that the ability of enterprises to release money is improved. If the ability of enterprises to absorb money cannot be improved accordingly, enterprises will reduce production or stop production, thus achieving the goal of curbing polluting enterprises. All methods that affect production through the reaction of distribution to production are temporary solutions, and the permanent solution is direct intervention in the production process and results, but this requires technical support. The foundation of circular economy is technology. Without advanced technology, circular economy is just a propaganda slogan. No matter how loud you shout, it won't have much practical effect. The condition of circular economy is to restrict market economy, and market economy and circular economy are contradictory. Economic circular movement is a circular movement among people, products and money.