Decorative cultural characteristics of hospital wall decoration materials
First, the general characteristics of hospital decoration materials
1, dustproof
Dust is everywhere and contains a lot of bacteria. With the flow of people, dust and bacteria will spread to other places. If it is infectious bacteria, it will be transmitted to others. Except medical workers, people who are active in hospitals are all patients, who are the source of the disease and the susceptible population. An unremarkable virus or bacteria may pose a threat to patients. Therefore, the building structure and decoration layout of the hospital should be simple, and avoid using or manufacturing various facilities and devices that can provide space for dust. At the same time, the interior decoration materials of hospitals are mostly dust-free, clean or dust-free, so as to minimize dust, put an end to dust and avoid cross-infection.
2. Fire resistance
The hospital is a place to provide treatment and rest for the injured vulnerable groups. These groups are not as functional as normal people because of injuries, and some even have difficulty in moving. Imagine that if the fire safety of hospital buildings is not done well and a fire breaks out, these groups will die because they have no time to escape. Although fire safety design and management are equally important in general public buildings, its fire safety deserves more attention because of the particularity of hospital functions and crowds. Therefore, both hospital building layout and hospital decoration design should attach importance to fire safety management, and hospital building decoration materials should choose materials with flame retardant function to ensure hospital building and personal safety.
3. Corrosion resistance
Every day, thousands of patients in the hospital will inevitably deal with various chemicals or instruments and equipment in the process of examination or treatment for patients, and these drugs, reagents and equipment will more or less contact with the ground or desktop, and some will also have chemical reactions, resulting in certain corrosion. Then, after a long period of corrosion, the walls, floors and desktops of the hospital will have peeling and delamination, which will destroy the use function and beauty of the building. Therefore, hospital building materials, especially interior decoration materials, need to have certain corrosion resistance, especially in areas where chemicals are often exposed, such as laboratories and treatment rooms, and more decorative materials with corrosion resistance and weather resistance are needed.
In addition, hospital decoration materials also require easy cleaning and long service life. First, the flow of hospital activists is large, and the difficulty of cleaning is also increasing. Therefore, choosing materials that are easy to clean will reduce the workload and difficulty of hospital cleaners, and also reduce the cost of hospital health maintenance and environmental pollution. Second, after the completion of the hospital, the metropolis will remain unchanged for more than ten or twenty years. Therefore, hospital building decoration needs to choose materials with long service life without affecting the use effect, so as to reduce the cost of hospital decoration.
Second, the decorative cultural characteristics of hospital wall decoration materials
1, decorative
People always have instinctive needs and yearning for beautiful things, even hospitals are no exception. Although the main function of the hospital is to heal the wounded and rescue the dying, with the increasing cultural and psychological needs of people and the advocacy of more and more humanized concepts in recent years, the decorative features of hospital buildings have become more and more obvious, and even some private hospitals have begun to tend to be luxurious and hotel-style, which is daunting and feels a bit like hotels rather than hospitals. After all, hospitals are places to cure diseases and save lives, so this kind of hospital building is not what we admire. However, we can also see that in the trend of modern hospital construction, the decoration of hospital buildings has occupied an increasingly important position in the overall construction of hospitals. Subsequently, many decoration materials suitable for hospitals also show more and more decorative features, mainly in that the materials are more linear and colorful, and different decoration materials can be selected according to people's psychological needs and feelings to achieve corresponding decorative effects. Scope of application: hospital aisles, outpatient departments, wards, operating rooms and other areas.
In the past hospital buildings, due to the lack of funds and the low level of people's cognition, the decoration of hospitals was often based on simple and practical decoration materials, such as tiles and paints, which were relatively low in cost and easy to clean. These materials can only achieve the basic sanitary quality and the decoration effect is average, and the style created is mainly simple. However, patients living in the hospital not only have to endure physical pain, but also face the loneliness caused by psychological separation from their relatives. Therefore, patients are prone to negative emotions such as anxiety and impatience during illness. Some studies believe that environment and color can have a great influence on people's psychology and emotions. Warm colors are more likely to make people lively and happy, and cool colors are more likely to make people calm. Therefore, the rational use of color principle and the matching of lines and three-dimensional decorative materials according to different regional conditions and environmental characteristics are conducive to promoting the rehabilitation of patients. Such as: American silver-based safety disinfection board. This material is soft in color, the overall effect is close to nature, and it is full of life breath, so that patients are placed in a warm, harmonious, clean and safe environment, which is conducive to the recovery of patients' health.
2. Cultural characteristics
Hospitals should not only shoulder the responsibility of saving lives, but also have their own cultural characteristics. Hospital culture includes hospital building history, medical characteristics, medical purposes and so on. How to use hospital decoration materials to embody hospital culture is a hot topic for many decoration designers in recent years.
First of all, we know that the architectural layout and decoration design of the hospital will affect the formation of the overall style of the hospital and is an integral part of the hospital culture. Then, from the perspective of the structure of the hospital building itself, the decoration and layout of the hospital can reflect the cultural characteristics of the hospital. If the hospital culture is added to the hospital decoration design, the characteristics of the hospital will be more obvious. For example, the history of hospital construction and the core purpose of the hospital are hung in the corridor of the hospital, but we know that every design of the hospital must take health and safety factors into account. If we add too many hanging items, it will easily lead to dust accumulation and difficult cleaning, which will cause health and safety hazards to the hospital. So how can we not only highlight the hospital culture but also destroy the sanitary environment of the hospital space? In the decoration design of foreign hospitals, we found a valuable experience, that is, "wall culture", which can reflect hospital culture from the wall. For example, it is not directly engraved on the wall, but with the help of special materials. This material is widely used in foreign hospitals. For example, the safety disinfection board is such a material. Because of its antibacterial properties, it can effectively and quickly kill all kinds of pathogenic bacteria attached to the surface of materials, so it is very suitable for hospital walls. At the same time, it can also achieve the role of hospital decoration and cultural propaganda with decorative paper, which is both beautiful and does not affect hygiene. Decorative paper can choose different materials, colors and contents according to the hospital's own characteristics and needs, and then stick a safety disinfection board on the decorative paper, so as to achieve the perfect effect of integrating decoration and cultural implementation, and the cultural characteristics of hospital buildings can be fully displayed.
Selection of decorative materials for hospital walls
First, the mainstream of hospital decoration materials
In the United States, South Korea, Japan and many other modern hospitals, most of them adopt the system of environmentally-friendly elastic floor+environmentally-friendly wall protection materials (wall plastic)+medical anti-collision handrails as the main decoration materials, which can provide a complete set of ground wall protection and safety systems. The main reason why the main manufacturers of rubber flooring in Europe and America have become a trend is that they continue to cooperate closely with medical experts, architects and designers according to the actual situation of hospitals, and cooperate closely with the most authoritative material testing and experimental centers abroad. Its products, diversified appearance design, rich color selection, combined with various skirting lines, stair boards and prefabricated yin and yang angles, can fully meet the requirements of hospital decoration.
Due to the high requirements of technology and technology, there are no domestic manufacturers to produce environmentally-friendly elastic floors and wall materials, and the related floors must be imported from abroad. The above decoration materials are briefly introduced.
Second, the environment-friendly elastic floor
Environmentally-friendly elastic floors are mainly divided into three categories: rubber floors, linen floors and PVC rubber floors.
(1) Rubber floor: made of natural rubber, additives and fillers. It has strong corrosion resistance, high wear resistance, compression resistance, melting point as high as 600℃, cigarette butt resistance, good sound absorption effect and simple maintenance. However, due to the high price, it is rarely used in large areas. At present, some hospitals in China use rubber floors as corridors.
(2) Flax floor material: Natural flax is used, which is relatively environmentally friendly, but not all chemicals used in hospitals can resist it. Because it is difficult to clean and maintain, it is not recommended for hospitals. In addition, this material is most afraid of moisture, so it is not suitable for use in the south or coastal areas, and the cleaning and maintenance costs are also high.
(3) PVC floor:
First, PVC rubber floors are generally divided into two types: through-core type and multi-layer type. Both products have the following advantages:
A) High flame retardancy: verified by relevant international and domestic units, it reaches the China fire protection standard B 1 group;
B) Bright colors: There are many patterns and colors to choose from, which can be used in mosaics to fully satisfy customers' imagination;
C) Quality assurance: PVC flooring manufacturers generally promise the quality assurance of their products for 5- 10 years, and the service life of multi-layer rubber flooring depends on its wear resistance value or wear-resistant layer thickness;
D) Refurbishability: After one or two years of use, the rubber floor can be refurbished in the form of polishing;
E) Flexibility: it is easy to form a sanitary corner between the ground and the corner, but the flexibility of PVC floor enables it to bend directly from the ground to the wall with matching primer to solve the sanitary problem;
F) The multi-layer rubber floor and the rubber floor running through the center have been treated with polyurethane. After PUR treatment, the European EN433 test has reached the T level (the highest level), which is extremely wear-resistant, wax-free, simple to maintain, saves cleaning and maintenance costs, eliminates the use of chemicals such as wax water and reduces environmental pollution.
Through-the-heart rubber flooring has also been treated by PUR (such as Degas in France and Aide through-the-heart flooring in Finland). ), and the product can reach the highest level of P-class, and waxing can be avoided.
B, multilayer and through the heart rubber floor and the following differences:
1. Multi-layer rubber flooring is generally treated with "antibacterial treatment", which not only provides customers with deeper health protection, but also avoids premature aging of products due to mold erosion and prolongs the durability of products. For example, the antibacterial treatment introduced by Degas in France and the world-famous Sandoz Pharmaceutical Factory is more authoritative.
2. Most multi-layer PVC floors have been specially treated, and the anti-slip grade can reach R 10. If the ground is wet or slippery, it is not easy to slip and cause injury.
3. Sound absorption and foot feeling: Because most multi-layer rubber floors have sponge bottom pads, their sound absorption effect is good and their feet feel comfortable, which can provide a quiet environment for patients.
4. Because of its special manufacturing technology, multilayer patterns are much richer in color and pattern than through-the-heart patterns, and most of them are non-directional patterns.
5. Generally, conductive or anti-static floors are rubber floors.
Multi-layer and through-the-heart rubber floors have their own advantages, and users can choose according to their own requirements for the floor. For example, wards, corridors and operating rooms can use materials and colors with different functions.
Third, environmental protection PVC wall protection materials
Traditional wall protection materials are generally tiles, wallpapers or paints, but modern environmentally friendly PVC wall protection materials have the following advantages and are worth popularizing.
1. Compared with traditional wall materials, the environmental protection PVC plastic wall protection material is stronger in thickness and structure; Especially scratch-resistant, wear-resistant and easy to clean, unlike ordinary paint, which is easy to scratch; Suitable for hospitals and other environments with a large number of trolleys and furniture with rollers. Generally, hospital beds are equipped with rollers, which often damage the paint on the wall due to collision.
2. The high-density wear-resistant layer of environment-friendly PVC wall protection material can effectively prevent dirt from infiltrating into the material. The unique surface embossing of the material can provide decorative effect while ensuring simple cleaning and maintenance, and most of the dirt can be easily removed with a slightly wet clean rag.
3. The environment-friendly PVC wall protection material is treated with antibacterial. For example, the plastic anti-collision handrails on the wall of Jin Pinger brand are treated with the famous "Sanitized" antibacterial treatment in Europe, which not only provides customers with deeper health protection, but also avoids premature aging of products due to mold erosion and prolongs the durability of products.
Generally, wallpaper is only two feet (about 60cm) wide and has many seams, so it is only suitable for home use. 1m wide and 2m wide PVC plastic wall protection material, specially designed for large-scale projects, greatly reducing the joints.
5. Many styles and rich colors are another great advantage of PVC wall materials, which can meet different indoor decoration design requirements and have good decoration effect.
6. High flame retardancy, which has been verified by relevant units all over the world and China, reaching the China fire protection standard B 1 group.
7. Service life: generally 10 years, and the manufacturer provides five-year original factory quality guarantee.
8. Some high-quality wall protection materials with fiber support layer (non-woven fabric structure) at the bottom can enhance the dimensional stability of products and effectively reduce the phenomenon of cold shrinkage and thermal expansion caused by temperature difference; On the other hand, it can make it easier to tear off the whole material when replacing it in the future, and reduce the manpower and material resources needed for reconstruction projects in the future.
Four, medical special anti-collision handrails
In order to reduce or avoid the risk of injury when people with mobility difficulties (such as the elderly, patients with weak feet, pregnant women and children) fall, the golden anti-collision handrail has become a necessary measure in hospital corridors. In addition, the handrail designed by the manufacturer has beautiful appearance, and the anti-collision handrail has both practical and decorative functions.
Five, elastic floor materials, wall materials and handrails construction problems
The construction requirements of elastic floor are higher.
1. The flatness of the ground is particularly important. The general flatness requirement is that the relative drop within two square meters should not exceed 2mm. If the ground flatness is poor, self-leveling construction is recommended to meet the requirements.
2. Use special tools, such as automatic leveling roller, grinder, grooving knife, welding torch and shovel.
3. Seamless welding installation process:
A. Slot along the joint with special tools.
B. Put in the color matching "covered electrode" and weld with "welding gun".
C. When the weather is slightly cold, use a special shovel to remove the protruding covered electrode.
D. After completely cooling, completely flatten the protruding part.
4. Wall plastic installation process:
The wall should be completely flat, without cracks and water seepage; Keep it clean, dry, smooth and reasonable in structure.
A) Connect a measuring rope to the wall to determine the location of plastic installation on the wall;
B) Smoothing the plastic on the wall surface and squeezing out all air;
C) Cutting the plastic on the wall surface, painting with special glue from the bottom of the wall surface upwards, and laying wallpaper according to the measuring rope;
D) Use special tools to level the wallpaper. Blow bubbles from top to bottom. When laying on the top edge of the wall, use a wide-edge cutter to cut the wallpaper and embed it in the corner;
E) Install another roll of wallpaper in the opposite direction.
5. Handrail installation process:
The site requires the wall to be straight (the overall installation effect is perfect, the wall deviation is 2m, and the error is less than 3mm). The walls should be solid (handrails are usually fixed with screws). If the wall is hollow brick calcium carbonate, it should be reinforced at the fixed point of the handrail). Handrails can also be installed on walls with certain radians.
General handrail construction procedures:
A. Place the wire on the wall and install the PVC polymer bearing seat at the required position on the wall.
B. Fix the metal profile on the support seat with screws.
C, adjusting and fastening the PVC polymer joint with screws at both ends of the metal profile, and then firmly installing the PVC polymer end cover.
D, insert the buffer rubber strip into the metal profile, and then lay the PVC polymer decorative shell flat on the metal profile.
Six, elastic floor, wall plastic, handrail cleaning and maintenance
The cleaning of wall plastics and handrails is relatively simple, as long as they are cleaned regularly with a wet sponge and household cleaner. Therefore, we will only talk about the maintenance method of elastic floor in detail.
1. The cleaning method for products without waxing treatment is relatively simple, generally as follows:
Daily maintenance (depending on the actual situation): "Dry/semi-wet mopping the floor". If necessary, add an appropriate amount of neutral detergent to the clean water, and do not use too much water to clean the floor;
Maintenance every one to three months (depending on the actual situation), "spray washing" uses 1000 rpm cleaning machine+apricot cleaning cotton+neutral detergent, which can clean and renovate the floor of a room without water;
Annual maintenance (depending on the actual situation): "dry polishing"-old floor renovation, high-speed machine+white clean cotton, without any detergent.
2. Generally, products that have not been treated with PUR must be waxed first (1 layer of wax sealing and 2 layers of elastic floor wax), and neutral detergent and water mop can be used at ordinary times, and wax spraying is needed at other times.
3. In view of the iodine decontamination problem that hospitals are most concerned about, medium-sized and above PVC rubber floors on the market are generally easier to clean if they can be cleaned in time after being polluted. If the decontamination time is too long, it is recommended to use the special cleaning agent for iodine removal provided by American Yikang Cleaning Company, and the effect is good.
Editor's summary: The above is an introduction to the standards and characteristics of hospital wall decoration materials. Hospital culture is the soul of the hospital, but the embodiment of hospital culture can not only rely on decoration. More importantly, every patient can feel the real technical level and cultural concept of the hospital from the service details of the hospital, so that culture is not just some slogans or words, but the real service quality and spirit.