It was the last feudal dynasty established by the Han nationality in the history of China, which was founded by Zhu Yuanzhang (Ming Taizu) on 1368. Nanjing was the original capital. When Judy became his father, Nanjing moved to Beijing.

In the early Ming Dynasty, the national strength was relatively strong. In the heyday of the early Ming Dynasty, Inner Mongolia was controlled in the north, Dongjiang in the west, Nuzhen in the northeast, Yunnan and Guizhou in the southwest and Jiaoxian in the south. In the Ming dynasty, the detention center system and the chieftain local official system were implemented in minority areas. Later, the national strength gradually declined, especially the sharp social contradictions in the later period, which even triggered a large-scale peasant uprising. In A.D. 1644, Li Zicheng captured Beijing, Emperor Chongzhen hanged himself, and the Ming Dynasty perished. However, the Nanming regime lasted for more than ten years until it was finally eliminated by the Qing Dynasty.

Mingshi

Yuanmo

At the end of the Yuan Dynasty, the government was corrupt and the national treasury was increasingly empty. In order to make up the fiscal deficit, the Yuan government not only increased taxes, but also issued new banknotes "Supreme Treasure", which were printed in large quantities, causing serious inflation and people's livelihood problems. In the 11th year of Zheng Zheng (135 1), the Yuan government recruited hundreds of thousands of peasants to control the Yellow River flood. Farmers on both sides of the Yellow River have already suffered from famine, and they have been whipped by the supervisors of the river management field, and their rations have been deducted, which makes them very angry. Therefore, "river management" and "money exchange" became the fuse of peasant uprising, which led to the outbreak of the Red Scarf Army uprising.

The establishment of Ming dynasty

In the 11th year of Zheng Zhi (135 1), the peasant uprising broke out in May. The following year, Guo Zixing rallied and captured Haozhou (now Fengyang, Anhui). Soon, Zhu Yuanzhang, a poor farmer in Fengyang, Anhui Province, defected to Guo Zixing, made meritorious military service, and won the esteem and trust of Guo Zixing. In the 14th year of Zheng Zhi (1354), Guo Zixing died, and Zhu Yuanzhang was in charge of state affairs. In the 16th year of Zheng Zheng (1356), Zhu Yuanzhang led his troops to occupy Qing Ji (now Nanjing, Jiangsu) and renamed it Yingtianfu. Then he captured some surrounding military sites and gained a firm foothold. At this time, Zhu Yuanzhang was "limited in land and little in food" and "fighting alone", far less than other rebel forces, and the situation was very difficult. Zhu Yuanzhang adopted the advice of Zhu Sheng, a counselor, and said, "Build a high wall, accumulate grain widely, and slow down to be king.". After several years of hard work, Zhu Yuanzhang's military and economic strength has grown rapidly. Zhu Yuanzhang destroyed Chen Youliang in the 23rd year (1363), Zhang Shicheng in the 27th year (1367) and captured Fang Guozhen, a coastal city in Zhejiang. /kloc-in the first month of 0/368, Zhu Yuanzhang proclaimed himself emperor in Yingtian and established the Ming Dynasty. In the same year, Dadu (now Beijing) was captured, and the Yuan Dynasty perished.

After the establishment of the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang, on the one hand, reduced the burden on farmers and resumed social and economic production; On the one hand, punishing corrupt officials, even if they are royalty, the founding heroes are not soft. He also appointed the prince to guard all the places. After his death, Zhu Yunwen, the great grandson of the emperor, succeeded to the throne. Judy, the fourth son of Zhu Yuanzhang, launched the battle of Jingnan for the sake of Ming Chengzu and seized the throne. Judy built Beijing City and moved the capital to Beijing in 142 1 year. In the meantime, Zheng He made seven voyages to the West. He also compiled the Yongle Grand Ceremony. After Chengzu, there appeared the rules of kindness and openness.

1435, Ming Yingzong, who was under 9 years old, succeeded to the throne and believed in eunuch Wang Zhen. As a result, the civil engineering changed from 65438 to 0449, and the emperor was captured by Vala. However, under the leadership of Yu Qian, the Ming court set up another Ming Di, launched a national war of resistance between the army and the people, and repelled the invading Walla army. The Ming dynasty was once revived. During the reign of Emperor Xiaozhong and Hongzhi of Ming Dynasty, the politics of Ming Dynasty was the clearest. The emperor was diligent and not autocratic, trusted his ministers, and the power of the cabinet rose greatly.

Emperor Jiajing arrived, believing in Taoism and ignoring state affairs. Minister Yan Song monopolized the state affairs platform, which led to political corruption and financial crisis. Even Hai Rui called it "Jiajing Jiajing, every family is poor".

Wanli era

In the early years of Wanli, he assisted Zhang as the cabinet record. In the internal affairs, the principle of "respecting sovereignty, instructors, rewarding and punishing, and giving one order" was put forward, the examination law was implemented, redundant staff and staff in government agencies were abolished, and the postal delivery and civil service systems were rectified. Economically, clear the whole country's land, curb the powerful landlords, reform the tax system, implement the whip law, and reduce the burden on farmers. Militarily, strengthen the rectification of military equipment, put down the riots in the southwest, and reuse the anti-Japanese famous Qi Jiguang Prime Minister Ji, Chang and Bao for training to make the border safe. The first year of Wanli presented the best situation since the middle of Ming Dynasty.

After Zhang's death, ZTE's image disappeared, and the Ming Dynasty embarked on the road of decline.

Zongshen was a greedy monarch, occupying land and plundering people's wealth. Zongshen also abolished the examination method, which caused the emperor to sell goods, the adjutant to be corrupt and the party struggle to be fierce.

Three cases in the late Ming Dynasty, Wei Zhongxian's autocratic power and Li Zicheng Uprising all led to the decline of the Ming Dynasty.

Zongshen's corruption led to an empty treasury and a border crisis. During this period, the post-Jin Dynasty in Northeast China rose, forming a local regime opposite to the Ming Dynasty. At this time, the Ming people were poor, class contradictions intensified, and the crisis of the Ming Dynasty's demise was formed.

The demise of the Ming dynasty

In the late Ming Dynasty, the rule was decadent. Eunuch Wei Zhongxian specializes in state affairs, persecuting dissidents and suppressing the people. The rulers continue to aggravate the exploitation of the people, coupled with years of famine, and the people are in dire straits. 1628, a war broke out in northern Shaanxi, and dozens of insurgents such as Li Zicheng and Zhang emerged. Li Zicheng put forward the slogan of "flat fields and white grain", which won the support of farmers. 1644 (the seventeenth year of Chongzhen), Li Zicheng captured Xi 'an and established Dashun regime. In March of the same year, when he occupied Beijing, Emperor Chongzhen hanged himself in Jingshan, ending the Ming Dynasty that ruled China. After that, the Qing soldiers entered the customs, defeated the Dashun regime in Li Zicheng and entered Beijing. In the north, most of the remnants of the former Ming Dynasty surrendered to the Qing Dynasty or cooperated with the Qing Dynasty to fight the rebels. In the south, various forces loyal to the Ming Dynasty established several exile regimes, which were called "Nanming" in history and were wiped out by the Qing Dynasty in the following ten years.

* Zhili: Shi Jing and Nanking.

* Ministry of Foreign Affairs (province): Shandong, Shanxi, Henan, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Jiangxi, Huguang, Zhejiang, Fujian, Guangdong and Guangxi.

* Commander-in-Chief: Commander-in-Chief of Nuer Tuotu (in charge of the Heilongjiang River Basin-arnon River in the west, Sakhalin Island in the east, Udi River in the north, and the vast area near the Sea of Japan in the south), founded in 1409, * * * lasted for 25 years, and was later abandoned.