1. Replaced slave society with feudal society.

It promotes the cultural exchange between the East and the West and broadens people's horizons. Beautiful Greek sculptures and buildings have appeared in cities in the East, and the knowledge of astronomy and mathematics in the East has also been introduced to Greece and the West, enriching the treasure house of knowledge in the West.

3. Opened up the channel of East-West trade. Dozens of cities he established in the east gradually developed into commercial centers. For example, Alexandria in Egypt is still a famous seaport in Egypt.

Let's bring war to Asia and wealth back to Greece. This is the ambition of Greece's most famous orator, but unfortunately Greece at that time had lost its spirit and was in the sunset. But a few years later, King Alexander of Macedonia led a powerful army on the journey of conquering Asia.

Macedonia is a barren, backward and unknown city-state in northern Greece. By Philip II, the polis became strong. In 338 BC, Philip II defeated the Greek Federation that opposed him and truly established his hegemony in all Greece. In 336 BC, Philip II was killed by an assassin sent by Persia at his daughter's wedding. Alexander, the son of Philip II, succeeded to the throne at the age of 20.

Alexander has a wide range of interests, and he has been smart and brave since childhood. /kloc-when I was 0/2 years old, I once tamed a fierce horse that other riders could not control. From the age of 13 to the age of 16, his father hired Aristotle, the "most learned man" in Greece at that time, as a tutor. He learned from his teacher about philosophy, medicine and science. His favorite book is Iliad, and he devoted himself to learning from Achilles and made brilliant achievements. After the murder of Philip II, the conquered Greek city-states thought it was a godsend opportunity to get rid of the control and slavery of Macedonian Empire, and they revolted one after another, but young Alexander quelled the commotion in just two years. In order to maintain a huge army to suppress the anti-Macedonian movement in the Greek city-state and realize the ambition of conquering the world, Alexander turned his attention to Persia with vast territory, rich information and rolling wealth.

In the spring of 334 BC, Alexander led an army of 35,000 people and 160 warships to the east. Before leaving, he gave up all his real estate income, slaves and cattle. A general was puzzled and asked, "Excuse me, Your Majesty, what did you leave for yourself?"

"Hope". Alexander said: "I keep my hope for myself, it will give me endless wealth!" " "

Encouraged by Alexander's ambition, the soldiers decided to follow him to plunder more wealth in the East.

Alexander led his troops to occupy Asia Minor, where he wiped out a small number of Persian troops. Then he marched north to Syria, where he defeated King Darius Iii of Persia and captured his mother, wife and two daughters. Looking at Darius' luxurious palace, Alexander was full of praise: "This is like a king!" " "

Then, Alexander marched south to Syria and Phoenicia, and sent his generals to capture Damascus, and got a lot of trophies from Darius' armory. He personally led the troops south, and after seven months of hard fighting, he captured Tyre and sold 30,000 residents of Tyre as slaves.

When Alexander besieged Tyre, Darius Iii sent messengers to see Alexander, willing to pay a huge sum of money to redeem his mother, wife and daughter. Ceded half the Persian Empire to Alexander. Alexander General Parmenion said with satisfaction, "If I were Alexander, I would accept this condition." Alexander was unmoved. He said, "I'm not Parmenon, I'm Alexander." In 332 BC, Alexander cut off the contact between the Persian army and the maritime fleet and marched straight into Egypt, claiming to be the son of the sun god "Amon". He personally explored and designed Alexandria in the west of the Nile Delta, and he hoped it would last forever as a monument to his great achievements. The Pharaoh of Egypt gave Alexander the title of "Pharaoh". Alexander was particularly excited at the celebration dinner. He said: "The greatness of a hero lies in constantly expanding his territory, constantly increasing his power, and enjoying the food and the beauty of a girl. "

In 33 1 BC, Alexander led an army across northern Mesopotamia and launched a life-and-death battle with Persia in Gauguin Milla Plain. Darius Iii was defeated and killed by his men. Alexander plundered 6,543,800 talents of gold and silver in Persian palaces such as Babylon, Susa, Persepolis and Ekbatan. In 330 BC, Alexander completely defeated Darius' successor and conquered the entire Persian Empire.

In 327 BC, Alexander left Central Asia, invaded India, established two Alexandria cities in the Indian Valley, and quickly occupied a vast area of northwest India. He wants to further conquer the heart of India and head for the Ganges River Basin. But at this time, Alexander's soldiers were tired of the long and tense war, plus the heat, heavy rain and disease in India. They refused to go forward and asked to go home. They held rallies and mutinied one after another, and the indigenous Indians fought back. In desperation, Alexander withdrew from India in 325 BC.

Alexander's army retreated in two ways. All the way under the leadership of Admiral Nie Ahos, take the sea route from the Iranian Gulf to the Persian Gulf; A route, led by Alexander himself, returned by land through the desert of Camagna. At the beginning of 324 BC, the two armies joined forces in the city of Opis in Babylon. Due to the long journey, Alexander's troops suffered great losses. Nearly 10 years of Alexander expedition, finally ended. Alexander made Babylon his capital. He built a huge empire. Its territory starts from Greece and meston in the west, reaches the Indus Valley in the east, faces the first waterfall of the Nile in the south, and kills water by medicine in the north.

Before the expedition, Alexander thought that the Greek nation was unique in the world, and only this nation was truly civilized, and other non-Greek peoples were barbaric. With the expedition to the East, Alexander gradually realized that Persians, like Greeks, have outstanding wisdom and talents, and they should also be respected. Therefore, Alexander's idea has changed. He believes that all ethnic groups should live in harmony in a fair, equal and harmonious way. Therefore, he came up with a great plan to make Persians, Greeks and Macedonians friendly partners. In order to promote the integration of Macedonians with Persians and Orientals, Alexander married Roxana, an aristocrat, in the summer, and encouraged Macedonians to marry oriental women. In Susa, Alexander held a grand and luxurious wedding. He personally married Stathira, the daughter of Darius Iii, king of Persia. As many as 1000 Macedonian soldiers got married on the same day. At the wedding, Alexander announced that Macedonians can enjoy the right of tax exemption when they marry oriental women, and he also presented many gifts to the newlyweds.

In Babylon, Alexander also reorganized a huge army and incorporated 30,000 Persian youths into the Macedonian army. Prepare to continue the exploration. He planned to invade the northern lands of Arabia and Persia, and wanted to invade India again to conquer Rome, Carthage and the western Mediterranean. Unfortunately, in June 323 BC, Alexander suddenly suffered from malignant malaria, and it took only 10 days from the onset to the end of his life. He left this world in a hurry.

Due to the sudden arrival of death, Alexander did not designate an heir, which led to fierce competition for the throne. In the struggle, his mother, wife and children were all killed by the opposition. The generals rallied to become kings, and the kingdom of Macedonia across Europe, Asia and Africa was split into several Hellenistic countries. Alexander's vast empire only existed for 13 years.