Zhan Tianyou (English translation: Jeme Tien Yow,1861April 26, 2009-1965438+April 24) was born in Nanhai County, Guangdong Province [1] (now Liwan District, Guangzhou), and his ancestral home was in Jiangxi. In the 25th year of Qing Qianlong (1760), Zhan Wanbang, a great grandfather, went to Guangzhou to run a tea business and settled in Gongchenfang outside the north gate. In the twenty-first year of Jiaqing (18 16), his grandfather Zhan Shiluan moved to the Twelve Houses outside the West Gate. Zhan Shiluan applied for naturalization in Funanhai County, Guangzhou, and 1820 was naturalized. Zhan Tianyou's father Zhan has come to this generation, and the tea business has declined, and his family is getting poorer and poorer. Zhan lives in Xiguan, Nanhai County, and makes a living by carving seals and writing letters. 1861April 26th, Zhan Tianyou was born in Xifu, Xiguan. Zhan Tianyou claimed to be from Nanhai County in Guangdong Province in his resume. In fact, Zhan Tianyou is a native of Xiguan. 1872, Hong Rong, an innovative thinker in the late Qing Dynasty, recruited young children in Hong Kong. Tan Bocun, a good friend of Zhan, is knowledgeable and open-minded in doing business in Macau, and urges Zhan and his wife to send Zhan Tianyou to apply for going abroad. Tan Bocun, a native of Zhongshan, likes Zhan Tianyou very much. He thinks that he is smart and determined, and will definitely achieve something in the future, so he betrothed his fourth daughter Tan Juzhen to him early. Zhan Hongxing later entrusted Tan Bocun to take Zhan Tianyou to Hong Kong for registration. Zhan Tianyou studied in a private school when he was a child, and he studied very well. He went to Hong Kong to register successfully. Zhan Tianyou, just 12 years old, was admitted to the preparatory class for children going abroad. 1872 In August, the first batch of Qing officials including Zhan Tianyou sent 30 young children to study in the United States. After finishing primary and secondary school in the United States, Zhan Tianyou entered Yale University with excellent results of 1878, majoring in civil engineering and railways. 188/kloc-0 graduated with a bachelor's degree (doctor's degree) in may of. In the same year, the Qing government took back all international students. Of the more than 0/00 returned students in/kloc, only Zhan Tianyou and Tang can get their degrees in time. The statue of Zhan Tianyou is located behind Zhangjiakou South Station. The Qing government is going to build the Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway to connect Beijing and Zhangjiakou. Because of the strategic value of this railway, both Britain and Russia want the right to build it, and they are at loggerheads. However, after many explorations, British and Russian railway senior planners and engineers all backed out. Because of the steep peaks of Yanshan Mountain range, most of Yanshan No.2 peak, which was selected as the "second tunnel", is composed of granite and basalt, so it is difficult to use the general method of "blasting tunnel to clear the way". As a result, in 1905, Yuan Shikai decided not to use foreign funds or foreigners, and China built the Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway on its own. Zhan Tianyou was appointed as the chief engineer and later served as the general manager of the railway. The total length of Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway is about 220 kilometers. Because crossing the Yanshan Mountains inside and outside the Great Wall, many tunnels and bridges need to be built, and the project is quite complicated. At that time, some foreigners questioned the ability of China people to build this railway by themselves. Zhan Tianyou also knew that the project was arduous and related to the reputation of domestic engineers, but he insisted on trying hard. Zhan Tianyou chose the lower cost route from the three routes he personally surveyed. Another line that he thought was better was forced to give up because of the high cost (it was later built as Fengsha Railway after 1949). Finally, the Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway was opened to traffic in August 1909+0 1 4 years later, and 10/2, and the construction time was shortened by two years. Moreover, the construction cost is 352,000 silver less than the original budget. There are four tunnels on the railway, of which Badaling Tunnel is1.092m long, and it is excavated by shaft method. In addition, there is a 200-meter-long Huailai Bridge with steel frame structure; In addition, the Badaling section (all cliffs) adopts the "man" road to climb, which solves the problem of dangerous terrain. The successful construction of Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway is not only an important achievement in the modern engineering history of China, but also a great incentive for China, which is setting off the trend of railway privatization!

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