/kloc-At the beginning of the 4th century, the Japanese, like China people now, hated the Japanese war of aggression against China. They have always hated the fact that the Yuan Empire sent troops to attack Japan many times in the 30 years since the founding of the People's Republic of China.
After Yuan Di Kublai Khan destroyed the State of Jin, crusaded against the Southern Song Dynasty, and conquered Korea, his mind of unifying the world was wide open. It is said that the Japanese archipelago is a fertile land, so the navy was sent to attack Japan. The last time, 128 1 year, General Fan led a hundred thousand troops across the sea to attack Japan in Mahai, but was defeated by a storm when crossing the sea. Although the Yuan Army attacked Japan many times because of maritime isolation, and some of the Yuan Army who landed were heroic, the follow-up troops failed because the logistics supply could not keep up, but it did cause a lot of life and property losses to Japan. As a result, China and Japan did not communicate with each other for more than 50 years until the demise of the Yuan Dynasty and the rise of the Great Ming Dynasty.
In the second year of Zhu Yuanzhang's accession to the throne, he sent Zhao Zhi, Tongzhi of Laizhou Prefecture, Shandong Province, to mend fences with Japan with the imperial edicts of the Ming Dynasty.
Ashikaga yoshimitsu Yuan Lianghuai, the most powerful man in Japan, accepted the seal of Emperor Daming and didn't believe what Special Envoy Daming said. He said to Zhao Zhi, the special envoy: In those days, the Mongols put in good words in front of us, verbally said that they had made up with us, and then attacked us with troops behind our backs. The special envoy they sent was also called Zhao. Are you a descendant of the Mongolian envoy? He lied to us again and attacked us with private soldiers. However, Zhao Zhi really took his time and explained to the Japanese king that the Ming Dynasty pacified Mongolia and unified the world, apologized for Japan being attacked by Yuan soldiers, and took revenge for Japan's demise in the Yuan Dynasty. He was angry. How wise and generous Emperor Daming was! How brave Daming's army is and how to trade Daming's tribute is only beneficial to Japan. Under the rhetoric of Zhao's rank and prestige, Wang Yuanliang Huai was finally persuaded on the day of sealing. In fact, it was not persuasion, but Yuan Lianghuai's final choice under the temptation of commercial interests and the deterrence of Ming military strength. And took the initiative to ask Ming Chengzu to repair and establish tribute trade relations between the two countries. His above table is as follows:
Wang Guan, Japan Source Table: I heard that the sun rises to heaven without a candle; When it rains, it touches the ground. The Great Sage is aboveboard and generous; Everything belongs to nature, and the four seas return to benevolence. Qin only respects His Majesty Ming Di, Shao Yao, the Holy Spirit and Mai Tang Zhiyong. It is better to set up chaos than to build chaos. It's easy to clean up Gankun. Initiating the great cause of ZTE, it is peaceful and prosperous. Although it is highly respected in Beique, the emperor is far away on the east coast. Therefore, I would like to make the eminent monks Gui Mi, Fan Yun, Xu Yun know everything and admire their light, offering 20 horses, 10,000 kilograms of sulfur, 32 pieces of agate (200 kilograms), three sets of golden screens, 1,000 guns, 100 knives, one armor collar, one inkstone box and one fan.
I want to express my gratitude for this.
The two sides agreed; * * * Round up pirates on Mahai and Taiqi Island. Clean up the ocean for tribute and folk trade. The two sides have set up special trading ports for China and Japan, and people can trade freely. Japanese kings pay tribute at least once every ten years, and two tribute ships are unarmed.
After that, Yuan Lianghuai officially became the king of Japan, and sent envoys to return the population of China plundered by Japanese pirates with tributes and pay a return visit to Daming. Later, the Japanese king presented the captured pirate leader to Daming. So far, relations between the two countries have been formally restored.
In order to prevent Japanese businessmen from interfering with other countries' trading ports in China, China set up a Japanese merchant port in Ningbo, and set up a full-time organization-the Municipal Shipping Department, which was responsible for Japanese merchants' tribute to China. The financial department of the Ming Dynasty sent full-time eunuchs as the head of the Municipal Shipping Department to deal with tribute and trade matters. Friends will definitely have questions, why should we send eunuchs without chicken balls to be the heads of marketing companies? Because the eunuchs sent by the palace know best what materials are lacking in the palace, which are inexhaustible, which are to be sold and which cannot be sold. Besides, the tribute to the emperor can't be given without the people around him!
In fact, the so-called "tribute" is just a trade act between two royal families to exchange needed items. This is just a variation of Ming Taizu's vanity of "submission from all over the world, turning to the heart from all over the world". For the people of both sides, "tribute" means trade or business, an exchange of business activities, and has nothing to do with "being at home in the four seas". Because at that time, China would give the so-called "vassal state" any "tribute". If a tribute is a treasure, a gift must also be a treasure, although things are different and the value should be roughly the same. If nothing is given, it must be returned with goods of the same value. This is the custom of paying tribute since the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, which has been followed by successive dynasties since the Tang and Song Dynasties. This is actually a commercial activity of the Royal Government to exchange needed commodities.
The so-called "tribute from all over the world, the world returns to its heart" is entirely a propaganda that rulers of past dynasties have shown to people at home and abroad in order to maintain their rule. If there is only' tribute' and there is no equivalent value, then I am afraid the world will not be able to' return to the heart'.
At that time, the place where import and export commodities were bought and sold was officially called Gongshi. The royal family and the butler took their inexhaustible tributes to life and sold them to Gong Shi. Japanese folk businessmen registered the goods shipped from Japan in the city shipping company and took them to the' public market' to sell. Tribute is a kind of international trade between the government and foreign countries. "City" is a trading place between the government, people and foreign countries. Later, the word' imported goods' came from this, meaning legal goods that can be listed and traded abroad by sea. China and Japanese who took part in this work made money, and many people became rich.
At that time, many Japanese people were particularly willing to come to China as envoys, because apart from handling official duties and interests, they could also use official customs clearance documents and official ships to carry goods for their own trade. At that time, in addition to China as a "generalist" for the Japanese, there are many China people as "generalists" for other countries that have trade with China, such as the Netherlands, Italy, Arabia and other countries. These "generalists" who were called "comprador" in the old society also served as translators.
At that time, the non-governmental trade volume and the number of people involved in business between the two countries increased greatly, but at that time, the Japanese royal family was weak and the country was divided, unable to effectively control warlords and lords everywhere. In the tribute trade with China, everyone tasted the sweetness and gained benefits. In this way, a group of highly motivated "Japanese government" and "government agencies" send tribute envoys to China almost every year, not to mention the enthusiasm of non-governmental trade.
In this way, there will be more than one envoy to China. Everyone has a tribute from the king of Japan to seal the document. At first, the eunuch in charge of the shipping department of the Ming government was confused and didn't know how to deal with it. He wanted to find out whether it was true or not, but later he just handled many tributes, large and small, in a unique way of China people-with personal likes and dislikes, contacts and the amount of bribes paid by tribute envoys. This laid the groundwork for the formation of Japanese disasters in the future.
1May 523 (the second year of Jiajing) was the day when Japanese tributes arrived in the Ming Dynasty. Several Japanese envoys arrived in China, many of whom were old business acquaintances of the trading company. One of the two most powerful factions in Japan is Zuo Jingzhao, whose envoy is called Zongshe. The other is You Jingzhao, whose envoys are called Risuo and Song. The two sides first fought for the order of Daming. Compete for seats at the reception. This song "Su Qing", originally from China, went to Japan a few years ago and was regarded as the forerunner of studying in Japan. Now I come to China as Deputy Special Envoy and General Manager. He knows all about the corruption of Daming government and the operation of shipping companies. He bribed the eunuch in charge not only to receive the goods for him first, but also to inspect them more. And instructed the officials of the city shipping company who accepted bribes to make it difficult for all localities to set up property, and to inspect the tribute goods with a small quantity or low quality. Zongsaiqi was so angry that he had no place to scatter. This time he attacked his compatriots by hosting a banquet, and the two sides fought.
If the officials in charge of the city shipping company upheld justice, such a thing would not have happened. However, the company took Song's interests, of course favoring Rizzo. Instead of isolating the two sides of the conflict, it immediately provided weapons to Rizzo's people and fought back against each other. There are many Kezong people, and their martial arts are also high. They destroyed the banquet hall and robbed the east warehouse of the city shipping company. He not only killed Song Su Qing, but also went after Rizzo. Rizzo fled from Ningbo to Shaoxing, and Zongshe took people to the gate. The Ming army guarding the city of Shaoxing refused to let the Zongshe enter the city to capture Lisuo, but the Zongshe could not capture Shaoxing City, and cursed China people for not upholding justice and being unfair, so they had to leave angrily. But along this road, they began to retaliate against the people of China. The soldiers stationed in Ming Dynasty commanded Liu Jin, and thousands of families were bored, while Yuan Lian and hundreds of families were commanded by Liu En and Hu Yuan. They were killed one after another, and the first Japanese uprising began.
Judging from the first chaos in Japan, the corruption and stupid foreign policy of Daming government in China were the causes of the chaos in Japan. Unlike foreigners, some authorities in China are good at using other people's internal contradictions to maximize their own interests. On the other hand, for a little personal benefit, regardless of or even at the expense of national interests, they lead other people's internal contradictions to their own country. This is a model.
In this way, what was originally an internal dispute between Japanese envoys evolved into a dispute between Japanese envoys and Daming authorities in China. At this point, things could have been saved, but in order to shirk their responsibilities, the officials of Daming Shipbuilding Company did not report the real situation upwards, which made the Daming government authorities foolishly think; "Japanese pirates started in the market, so they stopped." The company sold the company and banned trade with Japan. This is a blow to the rising Sino-Japanese trade. China businessmen who didn't pay for Japanese goods were very happy, so they didn't have to pay. And many Japanese who have paid for the goods but haven't got the money are blindsided. At the same time, many goods are exported to Daming and shipped in Japan. As soon as the notice of suspension came out, all this became illegal. Without the protection of the government, many goods exported by Japanese businessmen to China suddenly became illegally smuggled out of the country. This policy has brought huge losses to businessmen in both China and Japan.
Tribute is your royal official business, even if you don't do it, it's only your family's business, but private business involves the livelihood of thousands of families, so it can be banned.
At that time, the notice issued by the Ming government was based on the loss of national interests and the threat to social stability, and also sang the slogan of patriotism for the people. In fact, this beautiful slogan masks corruption, diplomatic incompetence and lack of foresight when introducing policies. The essence of these beautiful slogans of "interests" and "stability" is to push the country to instability and the people to the scourge.
"Once the market is closed, Japan's maritime business exchanges are free, and there is no prohibition in the law." The result of this ban is essentially that the government gives up management and local gentry forces take advantage of it.
Someone recorded the events at that time; "At the beginning of the founding of the People's Republic of China, the official city was set up with the feelings of the Chinese people. The walkers got double benefits and the residents got the benefits of their teeth, so they have been living in peace. Later, because of the ban on the sea market, Shi Hao was monopolized. " At that time, most coastal residents and Japanese businessmen ignored the ban of Haitong businessmen and began to smuggle.
This policy of the Ming Dynasty not only hindered the development of China society to capitalism, but also delayed the development of modern China, and prepared the conditions for its rapid and complete demise after being rebelled by Zheng Zhilong, the pirate leader in the post-Japanese period, and the Qing army went south.
The corrupt behavior and stupid diplomatic style of China government officials in the Ming Dynasty were the fuse that caused the Japanese disaster, and the policy of banning business in the Ming Dynasty pushed this small disaster to the Japanese catastrophe that troubled the coastal people for forty years.