The so-called primary education refers to the transfer of teaching content and management mode in primary education to kindergartens, requiring kindergarten children to attend classes, do homework, observe discipline and even take exams like primary school students. The situation of "primary school" in preschool education is more prominent in private kindergartens than in public kindergartens, and large classes are more serious than small and medium classes. Some private kindergartens begin to teach primary school courses such as pinyin, literacy, arithmetic and children's English from the middle class. Not only will classes be arranged in the morning and afternoon like primary schools, but also homework will be given to children, and there will even be mid-term and final exams. Some kindergartens have learned Chinese and arithmetic knowledge in the third grade of primary school even before their children enter primary school.
Rousseau, a famous educator, once said: "It is natural to hope that children will look like children before becoming adults. If we disturb this order, some fruits will be premature. They will not be full, nor sweet, and will soon rot. In other words, we will create some young doctors and older children. " Although children learn pinyin, arithmetic, English and other courses in advance "without losing at the starting line", in the long run, this kind of advanced learning will do great harm to children's physical and mental health and personality development, and even bring irreparable losses. For example, letting children learn to write too early will cause children to hunchback and scoliosis; Reading and writing for a long time will affect children's vision development and easily form myopia; Having no time to play games with peers and participating in activities with * * * will directly affect the socialization of children and damage the cultivation of their healthy personality; Children learn the content of primary school in advance, and when they enter the lower grades of primary school, they will study those textbooks repeatedly, which will make them lose interest in learning, and so on.
There are many reasons for the primary school of preschool education.
(A) the entrance competition of exam-oriented education in primary and secondary schools spread to kindergartens.
Although China put forward the implementation of quality education in the 1980s, and the central government has repeatedly introduced various policies, regulations and measures, the wind of taking exams in basic education has not changed at all. In 200 1 year, we began to implement the curriculum reform of basic education, hoping to promote the process of quality education. Regrettably, after more than ten years, we have summed up a lot of experience in the curriculum reform, but the phenomenon of heavy schoolwork burden and high pressure for further studies among primary and secondary school students has not been substantially changed. The new curriculum of basic education and quality education are weak in the face of strong competitive pressure for further studies, and the competition for examinations and further studies has spread from college entrance examination to kindergartens step by step.
In order to improve the enrollment rate, schools at all levels select good students at all levels. Primary school and junior high school are compulsory education, and primary schools go directly to junior high school without exams. But the reality is that some junior high schools, especially high-quality junior high schools or "key classes" of junior high schools, can openly organize examinations and select outstanding primary school graduates. Similarly, in order to cater to this kind of selection, some primary schools have to select good students from kindergartens. Children have to pass various exams before entering the first grade of primary school, and the content of the exam happens to be the subject knowledge of primary school. The "quiz" admission rate of some famous primary schools is even lower than that of the senior high school entrance examination and the college entrance examination. The report "The pressure of entering a higher school approaches preschool children" shows that there are 3,000 students enrolled in a primary school with less than 300 students. "Admission to a prestigious primary school" has become the only goal of running a kindergarten. Under the guidance of this goal, learning pinyin, writing, arithmetic and English has become the main content of kindergarten curriculum, and you can't teach it without thinking.
(B) "Don't let children lose at the starting line" concept of catalytic effect
I don't know when the slogan "Don't let children lose at the starting line" was widely circulated in the society. Some parents think that "getting up early" and "getting up fast" will definitely not lose, so they push their children to the primary school curriculum early. Even if the kindergarten does not teach, parents will make demands on the kindergarten. Only when children can learn pinyin and arithmetic, read words and recite poems every day can parents rest assured. Driven by such a strong "market demand", kindergartens have to introduce the teaching management mode of primary education to meet the needs of parents.
(3) Off-campus educational institutions deliberately "create momentum" to add fuel to the flames.
Driven by economic interests, some social early education training institutions offer various so-called "targeted" training courses and "young bridging classes". In order to attract students, in view of parents' psychology of "looking forward to their children's success" and "looking forward to their daughters' success", the importance of early education was widely publicized, and even some utilitarian and false education propaganda was launched for parents. It seems that not letting children study in advance will delay their lives. Coupled with the parents' lack of scientific understanding of preschool education, they were dazzled by various propaganda slogans and slogans. With the mentality that "learning is better than not learning", a group of parents sent their children to the journey of "primary school" education early.
(D) the quality of kindergarten teachers is not high, simplifying preschool education.
Preschool education is not only the basic education for children aged 3-6, but also the enlightenment education. To implement the principle of combining education with protection, the main form of education should be entertaining. The Guiding Outline of Kindergarten Education (Trial) points out that preschool education "should lay a solid foundation for lifelong education for children". The Regulations on Kindergarten Work clearly stipulates that the working principle of preschool education is the mutual infiltration and organic combination of physical, intellectual, moral and aesthetic education; Game-oriented, entertaining.
The nature, task and form of preschool education determine its requirements for the quality of educators. It requires teachers to love and understand children, follow the laws of children's physical and mental development and cognitive characteristics, create various activities, and comprehensively use questions, explanations, observations, demonstrations, games and so on. Infiltrate humanities, science, language, art and other educational content, and cultivate children's good habits and behaviors through colorful activities. This is a great challenge for most preschool teachers who have not received professional education and training at present, and they will not be competent.
In addition, most kindergartens have poor infrastructure, which makes it difficult to meet children's needs for various activities. Instead of letting teachers work hard to create game activities, it is better to hang a blackboard, take a piece of chalk, teach children to read a few pinyin and recognize a few numbers, which is simple and convenient, saving money and trouble. What's more, activities should also consider safety issues. Once something goes wrong, no one can bear the responsibility. In short, it is safe and convenient to arrange dozens of children to sit safely and teach them some pinyin and arithmetic, which has won the satisfaction of parents. Why not do it?
In order to change the situation of primary education, we must carry out comprehensive management from concept to action. The author believes that we should start from the following three aspects.
(A) establish a correct view of children
Idea is the forerunner of action, and what kind of idea will lead to what kind of behavior. The concept of children is the sum of adults' attitudes and views on children, including children's status and rights, children's characteristics and abilities, the significance of childhood, the relationship between education and children's development, and so on. Only under the guidance of the correct view of children can there be a correct view of children's education and a correct educational behavior of children. It can be said that the primary school of preschool education is the result of parents' blind obedience under the guidance of wrong ideas. Relevant government departments, pre-school education institutions (such as kindergartens, especially public quality kindergartens), relevant departments of universities, communities, networks, media, etc. We should shoulder our due social responsibilities, widely publicize the correct concept of children to the whole society and parents, popularize scientific parenting knowledge, help parents establish a scientific concept of children and education, and let parents understand that "children are growing up and complete people" is not a container waiting to be filled with knowledge; Childhood is not just to prepare for adulthood, it has the significance and value of independent existence; Children should have colorful spiritual life and cultural activities, and adults should participate in their spiritual life and cultural activities, instead of unconditionally imposing adult concepts on children. The purpose of children's education is not only their development, but also their happiness and happiness.