The "goodness" in Good Education for Children is synonymous with the last "outline" of the "three cardinal guides and eight orders" in University, that is, "stop at the best", which means just right, just right and beyond.
In the Analects of Confucius, "too much is not enough" means that it is inappropriate to exceed or fail to reach it. In order to avoid going too far, we should go too far, that is, moderate and neutral.
The "middle" of the "golden mean" does not refer to a certain point, but to a certain area, which is between "passing" and "not reaching". This area is called "beyond all boundaries". As long as it is in this area, it is just right, just right, and meets the standard of "goodness".
Therefore, "good education for children" refers to the proper and proper upbringing of children based on their growth, and the proper handling of the four relationships between "personality" and "nature", "play" and "education", "nursery institutions" and "family" and "parents" and "children" to promote the healthy and happy growth of children.
The first relationship: "personality" and "nature"
Every child has a personality, but personality can't go against nature. The understanding of "sex" can refer to a sentence in the Doctrine of the Mean, "Destiny is sex, frankness is Tao, and cultivation is teaching". "Destiny" in Nature of Destiny refers to heaven. When justice falls on the human species, it is manifested as "sex", which is human nature.
"Sex" is "sex", that is, it must conform to human nature and humanity (Wang Yangming called it "conscience"), otherwise you are not a "person". The "truthfulness" in "Truthfulness is the Tao" is not "willfulness", let its selfish desires and personality develop; But "follow", which means to develop according to human nature (conscience).
Therefore, it is the understanding of "human nature". Please refer to Wang Yangming's article "Teaching Liu, etc." in Biography, which clearly points out: "Filial piety, loyalty, courtesy, righteousness, honesty and shame should be special agents who teach boys today." "Filial piety, filial piety, loyalty, faithfulness, courtesy, righteousness, honesty and shame" means "eight virtues", which means "benevolence".
Mr. Yu Lizhong put forward the "bottom line thinking of the concept of success", that is, as long as the following three points are met, success is considered: first, physical and mental health; Second, honesty; Third, self-reliance. It can be said that the above three points are in line with the requirements of "humanity". This is the "nature" and "conscience" in Yangming's mind.
In principle, "individuality" cannot go against "nature", and "individuality" is an addition on the basis of "nature". For example, if a person has a good artistic accomplishment, he may become an artist. However, most people are unlikely to become artists.
For another example, a person's scientific thinking is particularly developed, and he may become a scientist, but most people are unlikely to become scientists. This is the relationship between "personality" and "nature", which is the most fundamental of the four relationships.
The second relationship: "game" and "education"
Children need games. Teachers who don't know that children need games are unqualified teachers. Children also need education. A teacher who doesn't know that children need education is also an unqualified teacher. The key is the understanding of "education", which cannot be understood as teaching knowledge, but teaching children how to be human. The so-called "being a man" needs to meet the requirements of "humanity".
There is an article in the Handbook that focuses on children's "conscience". A comprehensive response is just one thing. The boy's conscience only ends here. It is his conscience to teach him to sweep and deal with it. Another example is that a boy knows how to respect his elders, which is also his conscience. Therefore, although he is playing, he will bow down when he meets his elders, so as to' respect things' and pay tribute to the teacher's conscience.
Boys have their own boys' things' and' knowledge'. It means: sweeping response is one thing, and boys' conscience only goes so far. Teach them to respond fully to their conscience.
For another example, children know that they are in awe of their teachers, which is also their own conscience. Therefore, even if they are playing and meet the teacher, they will come and bow, which is his conscience of "respecting the teacher and valuing the Tao". Children have their own "things" and "knowledge".
The specific operation can refer to the phrase "game is the carrier, education is the idea", that is, through the carrier of "game", the idea of education can be embodied. In other words, when designing games for children, nursery staff should embody their own educational ideas, such as asking children to be friendly and caring for each other.
The Third Relationship: Nursery and Family.
In the process of raising children aged 0-6, especially 0-3, family comes first. Families should establish a good "family style".
From the operational level, it is better for families to form multiple centers instead of one center. A center is only centered on children. All the concerns of the whole family are on the children, and the stars hold the moon, so the children naturally become the "center of the family".
Such children may have some problems after entering the nursery. Therefore, multiple centers should be formed in the family, namely, children's center, mother's center and father's center. Teacher Li Meijin once said: When the baby is very young, the mother should take care of him (her) with all her strength, and the father can pat him (her) occasionally, or hug him for a while and coax him.
But the most important thing for a father is to love his mother before the child is six years old-that is, don't let both of them concentrate on taking care of the child, and don't let the child feel that he or she is the center of the family and form self-centeredness.
For example, mom takes care of the baby, dad takes care of mom, and then mom tells the baby to help dad together. Therefore, the family has formed a relationship of connection, not a central relationship. This is one of the concrete manifestations of a good family style.
The fourth relationship: "parents" and "children"
In the process of raising children, parents play a "demonstration" role. There is a slogan in Shanghai Parent School, "Parents study hard and children make progress every day".
"Parents study hard" can not only be understood as reading in a narrow sense, but also as "positive demonstration" in a broad sense. Only when parents make positive demonstrations in all aspects can children make progress every day. The role of parents is by no means to "replace" their children, but to demonstrate, guide and help them.
Dealing with the above four relationships will be more appropriate for children's education, neither over-education nor laissez-faire, and basically achieve "good education for children", thus promoting children's healthy and happy growth.