Speaking of Guan Zhong, I think everyone knows it well. If you don't know Guan Zhong, at least you know the friend of idioms. The characters here are Guan Zhong and his good friend Bao. Guan Zhong looked at Qi and turned it into a "mercantilist" country. In China, which is dominated by agricultural civilization, Qi is an alternative. It is precisely because of Qi's strong economic strength that it can dominate the Spring and Autumn Period and be proud of it. Guanzhong is a good word. "Separation of the four people, education of agriculture, industry and commerce" has become the slogan of "emphasizing agriculture and restraining commerce". How did all this happen? Let's take our time.
Speaking of Guan Zhong, his family is descended from the Zhou royal family. He is descended from the first family in Zhou Muwang. His ancestors were officials of the State of Qi. However, when I came to Guanzhong, I had lost my family. So Guan Zhong was like us when he was young. He is a poor loser. Fortunately, good friend Bao said with Guan Zhong's memory:
Guan Zhong took a deep breath and said, "I tasted it with Jia when I was poor, and I had a lot of money. Uncle Bao knows I'm poor and doesn't think I'm greedy. Because of Uncle Bao's plan, I tasted abject poverty. Uncle Bao doesn't treat me like a fool. When he knows, there are good and bad. I have tasted three official positions, and I will watch them one by one with you. Uncle Bao doesn't treat me like Xiao and knows when I won't make trouble. I have tasted three wars and three northern wars. Uncle Bao is not afraid of me. He knows that I have an old mother. "
Zhong You's younger brother Bao, they do business together. Knowing that Crown is poor, pay more dividends to Crown every time. Later, business was bad, and Bao didn't blame him. Guan Zhong begged the officials to be beaten, but the soldiers fled. I think this kind of person can really stand it.
However, there are exceptions to everything, and Guan Zhong finally found a long-term job in Miyako. Gong Zijiu is the son of Qi Gong. He also has two brothers, namely, Gongzi and Prince Zhu. After the death of qi, the prince naturally inherited the monarch, that is. This Qi Xianggong is worthy of being a monarch. He and Duan Yu have the same hobbies, just like his sister. Later, due to an unusual way, civil strife occurred in Qi.
At this time, the brothers who had taken refuge abroad for a long time found that it was the right time after Qi Xianggong's death. It's time to come back and seize this great position. At this time, Guan Zhong showed his talent, and he volunteered to ambush Xiao Bai on his way home. First of all, he led Xiaobai to help Miyako ascend to the throne for a long time. However, it backfired. Guan Zhong didn't squat well enough on the grass and missed Xiao Bai. Xiaobai pretended to be dead and ran away. After that, Miyako thought for a long time and felt that the tide was gone, so he hurried to Linzi, neat and wobbly. At this time, his son Xiao Bai worked hard day and night. When Miyako went to Beijing for a long time, Xiaobai was already a monarch. So Gong Zijiu and his party had to run back to their grandparents' home.
Lu can't allow this state of Yi Liwei. After all, in the early Spring and Autumn Period, the war of annexation had just begun. In fact, Lu is not worse than Qi, but better than Qi to some extent. After all, it was the same year, but in the frontier. There are already Dongyi ethnic minorities living in the east of him. But God bless Qi and Jiang Ziya, it is not easy to deal with.
Qi defeated Lu and demanded that Lu hand over Guan Zhonghe. It seems that Guan Zhong is going to die, no! No, this is Bao's plan! How can Bao let his best friend die? Bao Guanzhong is recommended as a relative, but if he is called Guan Zhong in broad daylight, it is absolutely impossible. So you can ask Guan Zhong under the request of transporting the prisoner. After all, Lu was so scared that he had to hand over Guan Zhong. Fear of death is also good, because people who are not afraid of death will suddenly commit suicide. In this way, after Guan Zhong was taken to Qi State, he became Qi State with Bao's recommendation.
Guan Zhong, who became a member of the country, began to transform Qi on a large scale. After all, Guan Zhong is not just an expert. He made many reforms in Qi, but he misunderstood the word "Millennium".
Guan Zhong became the prime minister of Qi. First, he divided the people of Qi into special zones, and then divided it into several districts. There is a saying that has been misunderstood for thousands of years. Guan zhong's coffin plate can't be lifted. Guan Zhong said, "These four people are separated. There are scholars, farmers and businessmen. " At first, these four occupations were soldiers, farmers, craftsmen and businessmen. However, this hereditary scholar became an aristocratic official. Guan Zhong has been carrying this jar for 2000 years. In addition, Guan Zhong's four points refer to the separation of people and occupations. Different majors do their own things, and then they are divided into several villages to be with people of the same major.
Guan Zhong said that there are 15 township planners and 6 industrial and commercial townships with 2,000 households in each township. According to this calculation, there are at least 30,000 professional non-commissioned officers in China, and professional industrial and commercial personnel10.2 million. The rest were farmers, with 450,000 people at that time. But this branch discipline has become a branch discipline, and the industry and commerce that the country needs most has become the last. I don't understand. If there were no craftsmen, where would the hoe come from, hand-planing? In order to score, you must do your best.
In Guan Zhong's view, this configuration has several advantages:
The first is the phrase "express things with words, express creativity with words"
In other words, everyone is doing the same job. The biggest advantage is that we can communicate with each other. Just like today's exchange groups and forums. Put people who are familiar with this industry together, and the skill level will gradually improve. At that time, high-grade silk fabrics produced by Qi State, such as Bingwan, Qi Embroidery and Chun-Li, were not only popular in Qi State, but also sold well throughout the Eastern Zhou Dynasty. Nobles all over the world are proud of wearing silk fabrics. There are many records about Qi in 200 AD .. It can be seen that Qi craftsmen are skilled and have the reputation of "everyone wears the same clothes and shoes".
Second, "Conversation is mutually beneficial, display is timely" and "Conversation is mutually valuable"
When businessmen get together, they can understand the prices of various places, find business opportunities and promote the development of commodity economy. Just like today's supermarkets and business districts. The first reason why we like shopping here is the variety of goods, and the second reason is to shop around. In Qi State, the purpose of doing this is not only to stimulate the rapid development of commodity economy and stabilize prices, but also to reduce the investment risk of businessmen. After all, "during the Chinese New Year, fools can see the other side of the hall."
Third, create an atmosphere.
After all, most people have herd mentality. If everyone does one thing, they will do it easily. Just like if you work hard in all your classes, of course you won't be distracted. If someone goes to colleges and universities to recruit in the spring, you should also consider whether to go or not. If someone asks, you will also doubt whether I can do it. So, if everyone does the same thing, of course, they will feel relaxed. This is very easy to learn in ancient times, because since the Qin Dynasty, China has been "emphasizing agriculture and restraining commerce". Then everyone is farming, at least no one thinks how good businessmen are.
Fourth, we can create a good educational environment.
As the saying goes,' a dragon gives birth to a dragon, a phoenix gives birth to a phoenix, and a mouse's child can make holes'. For disciples, we may not be so focused on training. After all, everyone has their own selfish motives, not to mention the possibility of "teaching the apprentice to starve the master". So there are many legends about "staying behind". However, lifelong knowledge can be passed on to children. After all, it is not for children, not for life, and not for execution. Although you can still "teach your apprentice and starve your master", it's better than dying at the hands of outsiders.
Fifth, create the first professional soldier in the Spring and Autumn Period.
Guan Zhong's planned 15 township, 5 are roads, 10 is roads, 4 are lines, 10 is companies, and 5 townships are armies. Therefore, the standing army of Qi is the three armed forces, all led by themselves, supplemented by Gao and Guo, noble families of Qi. This is the reason why the idiom "commanding an army" appears. The advantage of this is that the soldiers in this country are professional soldiers and are in the hands of the monarch. In the early Spring and Autumn Period, the Western Zhou system continued to this day. Although the decrees of the State of Qi seem to be under the jurisdiction of the monarch, they are actually controlled by various families. Therefore, a large part of the failure of Qi's national strength is that Qi's national strength has not been integrated. The biggest advantage of professional soldiers in Qi Huangong's hands is that they have guns, so it is difficult to talk.
At the beginning of the Spring and Autumn Period, countries continued the Western Zhou system and fought against intellectuals. But like Japanese ronin or western knight, swordsmen themselves don't need training, and the number is very small. However, the combat effectiveness of the mobile soldiers composed of farmers is quite limited. Guan Zhong expanded military personnel in peacetime, saving the country's agricultural expenditure. Due to more military training in wartime, the combat effectiveness will be higher. This is also the reason why Qi can dominate the princes.
It is the "specialized division of labor and the specialization of military personnel" that makes Qi under Guan Zhong prosperous. Guan Zhong also has an economic measure, nationalization, which will not be mentioned today. Maybe we can pacify Qi, but only Guan Zhong can make Qi rise rapidly and stop being equal to Lu. That's what happened. Qi slowly embarked on the road of striving for power and profit in the Central Plains.