Avoid making soap with delicious water and use stainless steel utensils with caution.
Generally speaking, distilled water is the best water for making handmade soap. Then, can't you use "good water" such as mineral water and spring water? The answer is: it is best not to use it.
Mineral water makes people feel delicious because it contains trace mineral components, including copper, manganese, iron, chromium and other metals. Even if the amount is small, it is enough as a catalyst to promote the oxidation of oil. If this kind of water is used as soap, the finished soap is relatively easy to oxidize.
Stainless steel is an alloy of iron, chromium and nickel. When making soap, if stainless steel pot or eggbeater is used, these metals will dissolve in a strong alkali environment.
Similarly, the finished soap is easy to oxidize. If you want to use it, you should find ways to reduce the risk of oxidation, try not to scrape with tools, or use plastic containers directly.
Avoid soaping your body with recycled oil. It is often said that making soap with household recycled oil can not only reduce garbage, but also make soap that is environmentally friendly and gentle to the skin.
Studies have shown that the recovered oil is oxidized after use, which contains lipid peroxide. If smeared on the skin, it is easy to cause inflammation or pigmentation. In addition, most of the raw materials for household oil recovery are cauliflower oil (mustard oil), soybean oil, corn oil and peanut oil. These oils are nutrient-rich soft oil products, which are not easy to solidify, dissolve quickly after meeting water, and are easy to soften and rot.
So it's better to make the recycled oil soap into hand sanitizer to wash dishes or clean the bathroom, so there is no problem. Transparent soap is not gentle with the skin.
Transparent soap gives people a high-level impression, because soap-based soaps are mostly transparent, and the soap-based soaps produced by factories have a bad soaping feeling. In fact, you can also be transparent soap at home. You can add sugar and alcohol to palm oil, coconut oil and sesame oil to make transparent soap.
However, in order to make soap transparent, the grease that can be used is limited, so the finished soap does not perform well in decontamination and foaming power, and it is not good for the skin. Since everyone wants to make soap, the sense of use should be more important than the outside. Compared with the cold soap made of other oil formulas, it is better not to use transparent soap's.
2. What is cold handmade soap?
Cold-made soap does not need to be heated during processing, and retains the nutrients of natural oils and additives to the greatest extent, so it is a good skin care product.
In the process of use, you often feel a smooth and moist feeling, such as coating a moisturizing layer on your skin, which is incomparable to ordinary soap. Handmade soap is not an ordinary soap, but a natural skin care product with high glycerol content and good moisture retention.
It has strict pH control, generally controlled between 7-9, showing a weak alkalinity that is most suitable for the skin. There may be white powder on the surface of the finished soap, which is a normal saponification reaction of soap and does not affect the use. After using 1 time, the soap powder will disappear.
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From the saponification reaction equation, we can know the basic raw materials needed to make soap.
Grease+caustic soda solution = = soap+glycerin (glycerin has natural moisturizing and moisturizing effects), so the most basic things DIY soap needs are grease, caustic soda and water. Introduce these three substances from simple to difficult.
Water: it is most commonly used to dissolve caustic soda, and it is the easiest to obtain. Tap water can be used at home. Of course, distilled water or filtered water is used in the end. Caustic soda: Sodium hydroxide (NaOH), one of the most common chemicals learned in middle school chemistry, can be bought in chemical reagent shops.
This is a strong alkali. For the sake of safety, the following precautions should be strictly observed when using it. 1. After sodium hydroxide is used up, tightly close the plastic bottle cap and put it in a cool and dry place where children and pets can't reach it.
It is best not to let children participate in the production process, and the semi-finished products should be placed out of the reach of children and pets. 2. Wear plastic or rubber gloves and a long-sleeved shirt when using sodium hydroxide, preferably wearing a mask, goggles or glasses.
3. Use wooden, plastic or stainless steel spoons when taking and stirring sodium hydroxide, and do not use iron, aluminum or copper products. 4. When sodium hydroxide is dissolved in water, it will release a lot of heat and produce * * * gas, which is easy to cause burns and affect the skin, eyes and respiratory system. Therefore, alkali dissolution must be in a ventilated place, and it is not allowed to use warm water and hot water to dissolve alkali.
When dissolving alkali, sodium hydroxide is added to cold water, not the other way around. When making soap, prepare a bottle of vinegar beside it. When lye spills, wash it with vinegar to achieve neutralization, and then rinse it with clear water.
If it spills into your eyes, wash it with plenty of water and send it to the hospital for treatment. 6. When making soap, spread a newspaper on the workbench to prevent lye from spilling out and burning the furniture.
If it does happen, wash it with clear water and then dry it. 7. Don't touch the soap that just entered the mold. Wear gloves when demoulding and dicing to avoid skin.
Soap can only be used for cleansing and bathing when it is mature. 8. Soap-making utensils should be distinguished from commonly used containers and cannot be mixed. It's safer to mark them.
Oils and fats: There are many kinds of oils and fats that can be used to make soap, and the functions of various oils and fats also have their own characteristics and functions. When I first came into contact with cold-made soap, I was afraid of wasting raw materials, so I chose the most common oil bought in the supermarket, pure soybean oil, and only made two pieces of soap, pure soybean soap.
The oil used to make soap for the second time was pure olive oil bought in a cosmetics store, and only a small amount was made. With experience, I began to make soap with more complicated formulas.
Generally speaking, vegetable oil is easily absorbed by the skin, so I personally prefer to use vegetable oil as raw material and seldom use animal oil. Common base oils include olive oil, palm oil, coconut oil, camellia oil (bitter tea oil), castor oil, jojoba oil, grape seed oil, avocado oil, hazelnut oil, sesame oil, snake oil, evening primrose oil, rose hip oil, shea butter, wheat germ oil, sweet almond oil, macadamia oil, rice bran oil, mustard oil, vegetable white oil and safflower oil.
The dosage and efficacy of various oils are different, which will be introduced in detail in later articles. 2 Additives Soap made from the above basic raw materials has a natural oily taste and a single color, so sometimes some spices and pigments are added for its aromatic effect and beauty.
In order to maintain the naturalness of cold soap, more functional substances are added, and a small amount of plant additives are generally added. Such as aromatic essential oil, traditional Chinese medicine, grass, milk, lemon juice, cucumber juice, tomato juice, almond powder, carotene and so on.
It can be roughly divided into four categories: natural pigments and dyes, aromatic essential oils, fresh fruit and vegetable juices and dried flowers and nuts. 3 required materials I know the raw materials needed to make cold soap, and then what tools are used to make it.
Two thermometers: one for measuring oil temperature and the other for measuring alkali temperature. Two beakers: one is filled with grease and the other with lye, which are required to be able to withstand high temperature, because alkali dissolution will release a lot of heat.
Gloves, at least one pair. One is in stainless steel pot.
A set of measuring spoons. Egg beater (used to stir soap or other objects)
Molds made of plastic, stainless steel, silica gel and enamel are not limited in number, shape, color and size, and are used to inject soap into the molds. Weigh one, with a specification of 2kg, accurate to two decimal places.
Universal pH test paper is used to determine the pH value of mature soap. The range is 7~9 or 9, which is normal. If it is greater than 10, it can only be used to wash clothes and brush toilets. A pair of goggles, heat-resistant rubber scraper, wooden spoon (plastic, stainless steel is also acceptable) and wave knife.
Soap made of soap base belongs to thermal method (hereinafter referred to as hot soap). Hot soap needs to be heated continuously in the process of making. Its advantage is that it takes a short time to make soap and is ready to use.
The disadvantage is that high temperature will destroy many nutrients. The advantage of cold-made soap is that it can retain most nutrients, but the disadvantage is that it takes a long time to make, and it will take at least 2 to 3 months to be fully used.
Most soaps sold in the market and produced in soap bars are made by thermal method. Glycerol will be produced in the process of soap making, so glycerol is usually extracted because its value is much higher than soap. The remaining soap, plus artificial chemical additives (such as detergents or synthetic surfactants, etc.). ) has become what we see in the market.
Cold-made soap completely retains glycerol in soap, which accounts for almost a quarter of cold-made soap. Because glycerol is a natural humectant, cold-made soap will moisturize much more than hot-made soap when used.
The difference between cold-made soap and soap-based soap can be judged from the drawing of soap body. Cold-made soap has a certain wire drawing effect, but soap-based soap does not have this effect.
4. Precautions for handmade soap
Choosing a soap base with high glycerol purity, the key to a good handmade soap is the glycerol content of the soap base used. Natural glycerin is a humectant. Using handmade soap rich in natural glycerin, the skin is like moisturizing lotion, clean but not dry, moist but not greasy.
Therefore, when making transparent soap, it is often necessary to add glycerol to make it together. The shelf life of handmade soap with fresh additives will be shortened. Generally, handmade soap can be kept for about two years, but if fresh additives are added, the shelf life will be shortened and it can be kept for about half a year.
If you smell the oil consumption of handmade soap, it means it has expired. So if you only use it for yourself, it is recommended to make only a small amount at a time, which will be fresher.
Use hand soap with caution for sensitive skin. Handmade soap is very beautiful. Essential oil handmade soap has a special fragrance. It is still a good scenery at home, so DIY is still very good at ordinary times. But if you have sensitive skin, don't take your face to test the quality of handmade soap, because handmade soap is alkaline because it adds soap base; Sensitive skin, if used, can easily cause skin allergy or make the skin worse and worse. For people with sensitive skin, it is recommended to do a skin test on the arm or behind the ear before use.
When in use, you can wet the soap, gently knead it with your hands, and apply it after foaming. It is appropriate for soap to stay on the face for 30 seconds, so that the sebum membrane can be restored to a balanced state in the shortest time. After using the soap, put it in a breathable soap box or container, try to keep the soap dry, and never soak it in water, which will shorten the use times.
Even if it is a very natural material, sensitivity test should be done first. In the name of environmental protection, the ancient handmade soap that once withdrew from people's dressing tables is back. As a new beauty fashion, it has set off a new fashion in the network.
However, behind this so-called more natural and safer "handmade soap beauty", is it a new discovery of ancient beauty recipes or a beautiful lie? Do people misread the efficacy of handmade soap? The "handmade soap beauty" network is hot. Speaking of handmade soap maintenance, maybe you have already tried it, or you are preparing to move and have grown up for a long time. I don't know when, handmade soap, which has long since withdrawn from the maintenance field, began to return to people's sight.
This time, it is no longer just a traditional hand soap, but a new beauty trend as a "skin care product". It is said to originate from the traditional European craft, and no chemical components are added in the production process. After use, it will not only cause hidden dangers to the skin like those skin care products containing chemical components in the market, but also cause 100% pollution to the skin and the environment. These handmade soaps produced by cold-making methods quickly became popular on the Internet under the banner of environmental protection.
Most handmade soaps sold online are made by individual workshops. Because of the different functional ingredients added, these handmade soaps are also derived from various skin types and skin needs.
Nowadays, the maintenance field of handmade soap has long been not limited to the face, and even extended to shampoo and bath. Attracted by its green and free skin care propaganda, many people have begun to become fans of "handmade soap beauty".
Because the process of making handmade soap itself is full of DIY colors, many people even start making it themselves. However, behind this seemingly beautiful trend of handmade soap maintenance, it may be a seemingly beautiful lie.
Myth 1: Handmade soap is a skin care product, not ordinary soap. In many "hot" posts on online forums about handmade soap beauty, it is mentioned that handmade soap is a skin care product rather than a traditional soap. In their view, because handmade soap is made by cold method, it can produce rich moisturizing ingredient natural glycerin, and it can also retain the nutritional value of various natural plant essential oils, medicinal materials, ingredients and other additives beneficial to the skin during the making process. Therefore, handmade soap is not ordinary soap, but "skin care products with natural ingredients".
However, it is not difficult to find that this statement is not reliable by carefully studying the production methods of handmade soap and ordinary soap. In fact, soap made in industry and handmade soap made by cold method are both saponification reactions of oil and alkali (usually sodium hydroxide). Although chemically synthesized surfactants or emulsifiers are added to the soap made in industry to reduce the sense of use, it is no different from the soap components mainly used for cleaning.
The so-called handmade soap contains natural glycerin, which is actually just a by-product of saponification reaction. Adding all kinds of so-called skin-beautifying additives to the cold method can't change the fact that handmade soap is still a kind of soap made by an ancient method, because after all, handmade soap is still used for cleaning, and its main functional component is soap.
Myth 2: handmade soap is more environmentally friendly and safer. The most attractive reason why "handmade soap beauty" is popular again on the Internet is its slogan of "greener and safer", and some people even define it as "the retro and return of natural skin care". In their view, because the surfactant fatty acid contained in handmade soap once diluted by water or neutralized by acid has the characteristics of releasing all the dirt caught, it is undoubtedly more environmentally friendly than synthetic cleaners.
Myth 3: Handmade soap has magical skin care effect. "After long-term use, you will find that your skin is better, your allergies are less, your dandruff cracks are gone, and your skin is elastic again …" Someone described the magical skin care effect of handmade soap. It seems that in order to prove its omnipotent skin beautifying effect, today's handmade soaps have also developed functions and types covering almost all kinds of skin conditions and skin problems.
The price of 50g handmade soap with "luxury" functional ingredients is even 50~ 100 yuan. However, many handmade soap manufacturers also emphasize that the nutritional value of various natural plant essential oils, medicinal materials and ingredients can be preserved to a greater extent because they are not subjected to high temperature in the production process, and these precious ingredients can penetrate into the skin through pores during use, thus achieving the effect of cleaning and maintaining 1+ 1 > 2.
At the same time, the natural glycerin produced by saponification reaction can also form a natural protective film on the skin. However, experts told me.
5. How to make cold handmade soap
Materials:
Basic soap formula
Citrus fruits such as lemon and orange are 1~2, and if grapefruit is used, it is probably 1/2.
Citrus essential oil is about 10ml.
Exercise:
(Take lemon as an example)
1. Scrape the lemon peel into filaments with a scraper.
2. Cut the peeled lemon in half and juice it.
3. According to the basic soap making method, when the solution thickens, add lemon juice and stir well. At this point, the soap will start to change color. Don't worry, it's the acidity of lemon juice that makes it a natural dye. The faint orange is very cute!
4. Add lemon essential oil and lemon peel and stir well.
5. Pour it into a membrane mold and let it stand for 24-48 hours.
6. After the soap is solidified, remove the film and put it in a cool and ventilated place 1 month.
Aon's words:
The sweet and sour fruit fragrance is as pleasant as a glass of cold lemon juice or orange juice in summer. Fresh lemon juice is rich in vitamin C, which can adjust the PH value of soap and make it milder. In addition to the gentle exfoliation function, the peel can beautify the soap and make your soap look more lively.
You can use your favorite citrus fruits and essential oils, or you can mix different citrus fruits and essential oils. Aon strongly recommends lemon!
6. The preparation method and formula of cold-made handmade soap, the specific preparation method and raw materials to be prepared, the more detailed.
1) First of all, there should be 2~3 hours of complete undisturbed time, because alkali should be used, and great care must be taken for the safety of the process and the success of the results. Therefore, it is suggested that there must be a complete and continuous time. It is best to unplug the phone and relocate the children and pets to other places to create an undisturbed environment and time.
Some soap processes will be faster, about *** 1 hour, but it is best to prepare enough time in advance so as not to disturb the plans of other things. 2) Clear out the countertop where you plan to work, and put away the necessary instruments and materials one by one, such as the recipe table, pens and molds. In order to facilitate the aftermath, newspapers can be used to lay out a range, which can protect furniture and facilitate sorting.
3) Wear rubber gloves, masks and aprons. Long sleeve clothes and trousers are safer. You'd better wear goggles. If not, at least put on your glasses. In short, you must be well protected. 4) The surface of the model is thinly coated with oil, so that the soap can be demoulded after molding.
5) If there is a ready-made formula table, be familiar with the formula table first. If not, an appropriate formula should be calculated and configured.
2. Measuring water: Take out the prepared container, heat-resistant glass container or stainless steel container, but don't use aluminum pot or the like, because alkali will be added later, so be careful to use containers that won't be corroded by alkali. In addition, high temperature will be generated in the process of alkali dissolution, so it must be heat-resistant.
Take water according to the weight of water in the formula. It is best to use distilled water and pure water, not tap water or mineral water, because it contains too many impurities or minerals, which will affect the result of saponification reaction.
Water can be cold water or ice water, not warm water or hot water. Practice: 1) Put the container on the electronic scale.
2) Zero the number of the electronic scale. 3) Pour water into the container until the weight to be measured is reached.
3. Add solid sodium hydroxide to the measured water: take solid sodium hydroxide according to the weight in the formula, and the solid sodium hydroxide must be measured accurately, because the finished soap will be used skillfully if there is a slight discrepancy. Although the preparation of sodium hydroxide solution may not be so tense, it is best to treat sodium hydroxide as soon as possible.
Because it is easy to absorb moisture and become sticky, it is difficult to handle, so immediately after adding alkali, use tools such as glass rods, stainless steel rods and spoons that are not corroded by alkali to stir. Note: When sodium hydroxide and water are mixed to form sodium hydroxide solution (or alkaline water), the temperature of the solution will rise, and white smoke steam will be emitted, giving off a unique smell of * * * *. It is suggested that this mixing action should be carried out in a ventilated place. If you are operating in the kitchen, remember to start the range hood and be careful not to inhale these gases.
Better put on a mask. Do not make handmade soap in a closed space.
When using the range hood, we should also pay attention to the direction of ventilation. If air circulates from the container to ourselves, deliberate ventilation will have the opposite effect. If the container is covered, it can be stirred immediately after stirring, and the container can be quickly covered before white smoke steam is generated. After a few minutes, the smell will disappear.
After stirring, sodium hydroxide will completely dissolve in water, and the sodium hydroxide solution is transparent. Once mixed, the temperature is about 80-90℃, and it can only be mixed with oil after cooling to about 50℃.
Please pay attention to put your sodium hydroxide solution in a safe place to avoid knocking it over or drinking it by mistake. When sodium hydroxide is mixed with water, it will produce a high temperature of about 80-90℃, so don't mix sodium hydroxide with hot water or warm water even if the temperature is very low.
If you put distilled water in the refrigerator in advance, it will reduce the high temperature after mixing sodium hydroxide and water, so you must never use hot water or warm water. 4. Measure the oil in the formula: then measure the oil in the formula and pour it into a stainless steel cauldron to make soap.
Stainless steel pot must be used, and lye needs to be added at the back! 5. Mix grease with sodium hydroxide solution: There are many sayings about measuring the temperature of sodium hydroxide solution and grease. Some say it is 50~55℃, others say it is 35~40℃, and there are other different opinions. I think it's ok. The key is that the temperature of the two is the same, but it should not be too low, otherwise it will take a long time to stir later. Pour the sodium hydroxide solution into the oil container slowly and evenly, and stir slowly while pouring, and you will find that the turbidity of the oil has changed.
When measuring the temperature, it is important that the thermometer should be placed in the center of the liquid for measurement, instead of directly reading the scale of the thermometer in the pot, and it should be stirred several times (note: don't use the thermometer as a stirring rod, so as not to be troublesome to deal with after being accidentally interrupted), so that the measured temperature is more accurate. Be careful not to let the sodium hydroxide solution overflow and touch the skin. If yes, rinse immediately.
So be sure to do all the protection work in advance, and be careful in the process! 6. Stirring: In order to completely mix the sodium hydroxide solution with the grease, stirring is an important work. Practice: 1) Use a stirrer, such as a rubber scraper, an egg beater, a stainless steel rod, etc. The key is that the material must not be corroded by alkali.
If you have a stainless steel electric stirrer, you can certainly save some energy, but manual stirring is essential. Only manual stirring can fully mix all lye and grease, control the progress and avoid excessive stirring.
So you can manually stir for a while, then use an electric stirrer and manual stirring for 5 seconds each, and then manually stir when it is almost trace. 2) When using the electric mixer, be very careful, and put the front end of the mixer completely below the liquid level of soap to avoid the soap splashing and hurting people.
3) Stir continuously until the soap solution is evenly mixed. You can draw an obvious number 8 on the soap with a rubber scraper, and it will be better if it doesn't disappear immediately. 7. Additives: Additives are generally added after a small amount.
Color: Friends who like environmental protection and natural health will choose to use natural colors, such as leaves and flowers of plants. But natural colors will fade.
If you want to keep bright and beautiful colors for a long time, you may need to add pigments. Look at your friends' own preferences to decide.
Aroma: you can add essential oil or essence, just like pigment, essence can emit fragrance for a long time, but.