American War of Independence 1775 ~1783 April1775, Lexington fired its first shot against colonial rule. The American War of Independence, which lasted for eight years, was a national liberation war waged by the colonial people in North America to oppose British colonial rule and strive for national independence. As a result of the war, North American colonies became independent from British colonial rule.

From the17th century, Britain established 13 colonies (referred to as 13 states) in North America from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Appalachian Mountains in the west. 13 of the residents are mainly from European countries, especially Britain, except blacks and indigenous Indians. They come from different countries and represent different cultural traditions. In the course of one hundred and twenty years, through marriage, social contacts, especially economic ties, they gradually merged and formed an American nation. As soon as the colonists set foot on the American continent, they pursued barbaric slavery. There were 500,000 slaves in 1557, accounting for 20% of the residents in 13. Slave owners regard slaves as "farm animals" and can slaughter, sell or lend them at will. Cruel oppression aroused strong resistance. During the nearly 250 years from the beginning of black slavery to its final abolition (1863), there were no fewer than 250 black resistance struggles. The victory of the "Seven Years' War" made Britain the first colonial empire in the world. At the same time, the national debt doubled and the military and political expenditure abroad increased fivefold. The British government shifted the burden of war to the North American colonies and tried to extract more wealth from them, which made the people in the North American colonies even more angry. 176 1 year later, the British king issued various orders to ensure Britain's monopoly position in North America and step up the oppression of the people in North America.

The deeper the oppression, the stronger the resistance. 1765655438+00 In June, representatives of nine colonies held an anti-stamp duty conference in new york, announcing that the British Parliament had no right to levy taxes on the colonies. Women organized the "Free Women's Association", refused to use silk shipped from England, and put forward the slogan "I would rather wear homespun than lose my freedom". In all kinds of anti-British colonial rule,1March 770, Britain created a massacre in Boston, forcing the colonial people to step up the establishment of revolutionary organizations. 1On September 5, 774, the first colonial continental conference was held in Philadelphia, which formulated a "joint bill" to curb British goods and adopted a declaration of human rights, calling for opposing colonial oppression and implementing national independence. 1774-1in the winter of 775, the colonial people began to establish voluntary armed forces to defend the residents from the British authorities and the British army.

On April 19, the colonial People's Army and the British regular army, which were ordered to disarm and arrest their leaders, had their first armed conflict near Concord and Lexington (Massachusetts). Volunteers supported by residents defeated the British army. This incident was a signal of the armed uprising of the whole people, which started the colonial war of independence. By the end of April, 20,000 rebels had set up a camp called Freedom near Boston.

Camp ". At the height of the revolution, the Second Continental Congress was held in Philadelphia on May 1775. At the meeting, the bourgeois radicals occupied an overwhelming advantage. The meeting suggested that the colony should establish a new government to replace the colonial authorities. 1On June 5th, 775, the General Assembly adopted an extremely important military resolution, that is, the resolution to form a regular army (Continental Army). According to this resolution, the army supplemented its troops according to the principle of voluntary enlistment and built a regular army consisting of divisions, brigades, regiments, battalions, artillery and cavalry units. The total strength is set at 88 infantry battalions (about 60,000 personnel), but it does not exceed19,000 personnel in wartime. Virginia planter and former British colonel Washington was appointed commander-in-chief. 177510-12. The meeting passed a resolution to build 13 cruise ships and light cruise ships, and establish a navy. 1On July 4th, 776, the General Assembly adopted the Declaration of Independence drafted by Jefferson, announcing that 13 Colony broke away from the suzerain country and established an independent United States of America. Since then, July 4th has become the National Day (Independence Day) of the United States.