Yue Fei was born into a tenant farmer's family in Tangyin (now tangyin county, Henan) in Xiangzhou, Northern Song Dynasty. It is said that his mother tattooed four words on his back, "faithfully serve the country" [1], to remind him of his hatred for the country and family. I studied martial arts with Zhou Dong before. Besides, I like Zuo's Spring and Autumn Annals and Sun Tzu's The Art of War. He witnessed the tragic historical facts before and after the demise of the Northern Song Dynasty, and shared the same fate with the people in the occupied areas of the Central Plains at that time. He has a strong desire and demand to resolutely resist the oppression of Jurchen nobles, recover his homeland and unify the motherland. When I was young, I encountered a large-scale plundering war by the Jurchen nobles against the Song Dynasty, and the people of Han, Qidan, Bohai and other nationalities who were deeply oppressed by the nationalities organized themselves to resist.
Since the 1920s, a vigorous national war against gold has been launched in the north and south of the Yellow River and Huaihe River. Yue Fei and the famous anti-gold warriors Zong Ze and Han Shizhong stood in the forefront of the anti-gold struggle.
In the fourth year of Xuanhe in the Northern Song Dynasty, he really decided to encourage Liu Ge to gather scholars and recruit Yue Fei, but he soon returned to his hometown of tangyin county because of the death of his father Yue He.
11In the winter of 26, Yue Fei joined the army for the third time in Xiangzhou City and returned to Liu Hao Army. Liu Hao ordered Yue Fei to recruit Anji Qian, and Yue Fei lived up to expectations, with 380 people including Qian Ji and his subordinates. Yue Fei thus made up for Xinbo.
In the first year of Jingkang (1 127), in February of 65438, Zhao Gou, King Kang, received a wax book from Song Qinzong and opened the Grand Marshal's Office in Xiangzhou, Hebei. Zhao Gou is the marshal of Hebei military forces, Chen Hengbo is the marshal, and Wang Boyan and Zong Ze are the deputy marshals. Marshal House consists of five armies, namely, front, back, middle, left and right, among which the former military system is Liu Hao. Yue Fei belongs to Liu Hao's former army. According to La Shu's order, Kang Shuai's mission was to rush to Tokyo (now Kaifeng) to lift the siege of the capital. Yue Fei was ordered to lead 300 soldiers to Guli for reconnaissance. When he met the nomads from the army, he fought and defeated them. Follow Liu Hao to learn about Tokyo.
1 127 April (the second year of Jingkang), Jin destroyed the northern song dynasty and returned to the north with the royal family. In May, Kang Wang Zhao Gou (Song Gaozong) succeeded to the throne in Nanjing, namely the Southern Song Dynasty. In the early days, Song Gaozong advocated recovering lost territory and mobilized a large number of main battle generals, including Yue Fei. Yue Fei resolutely opposes peace talks and advocates the war of resistance to the end.
In the first year of the proposal, Zhao Gou ascended the throne, and Yue Fei wrote a letter to the effect: "Your majesty's landing in Dabao, the master of the state, is enough to break the enemy's plan. But Qinwang's teachers meet every day, and the other party says I'm weak, so I have to take advantage of it. Huang Qianshan and Wang Boyan can't recover from the imperial edict, and it is not necessarily the hope of the Central Plains to go south day by day. I hope that your majesty will take advantage of the enemy's hole to lead the six armies to the north, and return to the central plains with soldiers' anger. " Song Gaozong didn't take Yue Fei's advice and fired Yue Fei for exceeding his authority. Later, Yue Fei went north to recruit Zhang Suo's army in Hebei, and borrowed "Zhengbapin Xiuwulang" as the commander-in-chief of China's army. Zhang was very appreciative of Yue Fei, and soon promoted him to be "Wu Jinglang from Qipin" and took power. Nanjing Yuefei Anti-Gold Base
In September of the first year of Jianyan (1 127), Zhang Mingyue flew into Wang Yanbu to explore the gold in the north. Yue Fei was brave and good at fighting. He defeated the army of nomads from the Golden Army several times and gained great prestige. However, Wang Yan was conservative and didn't dare to fight, which made Yue Fei fight alone. When the rations were insufficient, Yue Fei refused to help. Yue Fei knew that he had a gap with Wang Yan, so he returned to Zong Ze and took control of the left-behind company. After Zong Ze's death, Du Chong took his place and Yue Fei was reinstated. Three years later, Du Chong will return to Jiankang. Yue Fei said, "The size of the original place cannot be abandoned. This place is not mine and will be taken back by hundreds of thousands of people. " Du Chong didn't listen, and Yue Fei had to go home with the army. Du Chong guarding health, 8 jin j met the traitor Sung Jae Lee wujiang, Du Chong stay at home. Yue Fei sobbed and remonstrated. Please see the teacher. Du couldn't rush out. 8 jin j then crossed the river from Majia, and Du Chong sent Yue Fei to battle. All the generals were defeated and fought alone. After Du Zhongjin surrendered, the generals plundered many lines, but Yue Jiajun Qiu was indifferent. Wu Shu is heading for Hangzhou, and Yue Fei is ready to attack Guangde. He won all six battles, seized the enemy's kingship and captured more than 40 rebel leaders. Yue Fei persuaded the kingship to use it for himself. Yue Jiajun was stationed in Nakamura, and the army was short of food. Soldiers would rather starve than disturb the people. Jin's soldiers said, "This is Grandpa Yue's army." Fight for surrender.
1 139 (the ninth year of Shaoxing), Yue Fei heard in Ezhou (now Wuchang, Hubei Province) that the Song-Jin peace talks were about to be reached, and immediately wrote to express his opposition, claiming that "Jin people can't be trusted and reconciliation can't be relied on", and denounced the scheming and ill-intentioned surrender activities of Prime Minister Qin Gui, which made "Qin Gui take the title (bear a grudge)" After the peace talks were reached, Zhao Gou ordered an amnesty and rewarded the minister of civil and military affairs. However, the imperial edict was issued three times, and Yue Fei refused it, without the reward of the third division of Kaifuyi (first-class official title) and the award of 3,500 food cities. In the polite decline, he bitterly expressed his opposition to the peace talks: "Today's affairs can be dangerous, but worrying is not gratifying." After the emperor coaxed him, Yue Fei accepted. After that, Yue Fei went to the table and said, "I am willing to pursue the victory, take over the land of the two rivers in the future, spit on Yan Yun, and finally avenge my country." The emperor did not adopt it.
1 140 years (the tenth year of Shaoxing) In May, Xu Jin tore up the Shaoxing peace talks, and Wu Shu Fourth Road made a flat attack. Due to unguarded, Song Jun has been losing ground, and cities have been lost. Then the emperors Han Shizhong, Zhang Jun and Yue Fei set out to meet them. Soon, both the east and west lines got Dae-seung Kim, and the lost land was recovered one after another. Yue Fei marched from the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and launched an irresistible counterattack. It's time for him to show his ambition to recover the Central Plains.
After Yue Jiajun entered the Central Plains, he was warmly welcomed by the people of the Central Plains. In July of this year, Yue Fei personally led a Qingqi to Yancheng, Henan Province, and launched a fierce battle with the 15,000 fine riders of Jinwu. Yue Fei personally led the troops and raided the enemy lines, which greatly broke the "iron floating map" and "kidnapping the horse" of Jin Jun and defeated Jin Wu. Yue Fei led Yang Zaixing behind enemy lines, trying to capture Jin Wushu alive. Unfortunately, he didn't find it. He personally killed thousands of people, strayed into the small Shang River, and was shot with dozens of arrows by the army of Nomads. He was very brave. Yue Jiajun's soldiers have a fighting style of "saving their lives", and the overwhelming efforts of the enemy can't shake Yue Jiajun's lineup. After the victory in Yancheng, Yue Fei marched into Zhuxian Town (only forty-five miles away from Jin Jun's base camp Bianjing), and Jin Wushu rallied 100,000 troops to resist, and was beaten out of the water by Yue Fei. Yue Fei's northern expedition to the Central Plains recovered Yingchang, Cai Zhou, Chen Zhou, Zhengzhou, Yancheng and Zhuxian towns in one breath, and wiped out the effective strength of 8 Jin J.. 8 Jin Jun's morale was shaken, and Jin Wushu was ready to flee Kaifeng overnight. The struggle against gold in the Southern Song Dynasty took a fundamental turn, took another step forward, and fell into the Central Plains for more than ten years. It is expected to be recovered. Yue Fei excitedly said to the generals, "Go directly to Huanglongfu for a drink!" "Jin sighed that" it is easy to shake the mountain, but difficult to shake the Yuegujun ".
At the moment of the brilliant victory of the Anti-Japanese War, the imperial court successively won 12 gold medals, which made it urgent for Yue Fei to "handle the team". Under the unfavorable situation of either changing classes or losing teachers, Yue Fei knew that this was the chaotic life of the powerful minister; However, in order to save the strength against gold, we have to bear the pain of moving troops. Yue Fei said indignantly; "Ten years of hard work, wasted in one time! All counties will be closed once and for all! Society is hard to revive! Gankun World, there is no reason to reply! " Yue Fei's resistance to gold was forced to be interrupted. When Yue Jiajun dispatched troops, he missed his brother in the Central Plains in Beiding, Julian Waghann for a long time and stopped crying. In order to protect people's lives and property, Yue Fei deliberately threatened to cross the river tomorrow, scaring Jin Wushu to abandon the north overnight and prepare to cross the Yellow River in the north, so that Yue Fei could calmly organize a large number of Yu troops to go south to Han Xiang and then withdraw from the Central Plains. At this time, a shameless scholar rode to catch up with Jin Wushu and detained his horse. He advised: "The Prince (Wu Shu) will not leave, but the capital can be defended, and Yue Shao will retreat." The whole army of Jin Wushu returned to Kaifeng and occupied the Central Plains as easy as blowing off dust.
As soon as Yue Fei returned to Lin 'an, he fell into the trap of Qin Gui, Zhang Jun and others. 1 14 1 year (the 11th year of Shaoxing), was falsely accused of "rebellion" and put into Dali Temple in Lin 'an (near Xiaoqiao Bridge in Hangzhou). Supervision suggestion Wan Houyan personally interrogated and tortured Yue Fei. It is said that at the same time, the Song and Jin governments are stepping up planning for the second peace talks. Both sides regard the anti-Japanese faction as a thorn in their side, and Jin Wushu even wrote a letter to Qin Gui: "Yue Fei must be killed to achieve peace." Under the attack of two evil forces inside and outside, Yue Fei was upright, aboveboard and loyal to his country. From him, Qin Gui and his gang couldn't find any evidence against the imperial court. Han Shizhong confronted Qin Gui, while Qin Gui prevaricated, "This is an unwarranted thing, isn't it? )。 "Han Shizhong retorted on the spot: How can the word" unwarranted "prevail in the world? "On Lunar New Year's Eve in the eleventh year of Shaoxing, the emperor ordered Yue Fei to die in Dali Temple in Lin 'an at the age of 39. Yue Fei also beheaded Zhang Xi 'an and his son Yue Yun at the city gate. Yue Fei, a national hero, died unjustly on the charge of "unwarranted". Before he died, he wrote eight words on the confession, "Every day, every day." This is a cry of grief and indignation!
Although Yue Fei was killed, his loyalty to the country is indelible. It was he who expressed the demands of the oppressed nation, adhered to the lofty national integrity, persisted in the just struggle against the Jin Dynasty under the crisis situation, knew how to care about the people's anti-Jin forces, and saved half of the Southern Song Dynasty by uniting with the anti-Jin military and civilians, so that the people of South China were spared the ravages of the rulers of the Jin Dynasty, thus preserving the highly developed feudal economy and culture of China and enabling it to continue to develop. Yue Fei deserves to be an outstanding national hero in the history of our country.
wen tianxiang
/kloc-at the age of 0/9, Wen Tianxiang won the first place in Luling Township School Examination. The following year (the fourth year of Baoyu), he entered Bailuzhou Academy in Jizhou (now Ji 'an, Jiangxi). In the same year, he chose Gong in Jizhou and went to Lin 'an, the capital of the Southern Song Dynasty, with his father to take the exam. In the imperial examination, he pertinently put forward the "imperial examination strategy", put forward the reform plan and expressed his political ambition. Song Lizong was the first in the pro-election, and he became Jia Sidao's favorite pupil. Examiner Wang Yinglin said, "He is like a turtle mirror, loyal to his liver as a stone, and dares to congratulate others." But four days later, his father died, and Wen Tianxiang went home to mourn for three years. In the early Qing Dynasty (1259), Mongolian troops attacked Ezhou (now Wuchang, Hubei), and eunuch Dong told him to move the capital to avoid the enemy. Wen Tianxiang wrote to ask Dong to behead him, in order to boost people's hearts and offer a plan to defend the enemy, which was not adopted. Later, he successively went to Zhongshu, and served as a naval officer, a punishments officer, a Jiangxi officer, a Shangshu Zuosi officer, a Hunan officer and a Ganzhou officer. In the sixth year of Xian Chun (1270), he was dismissed for offending the traitor Jia Sidao.
In the first month of the first year of Deyou, Song Gongdi (1275), due to the massive attack of the Yuan army, the defense line of the Yangtze River in Song Jun collapsed, and the imperial court ordered various localities to organize military forces to be diligent. Wen Tianxiang immediately donated his family property as military expenses, recruited local heroes, raised soldiers to work for the king, and said: "Justice is in me, and there is nothing I can do; We organized 30,000 rebels to go to Lin 'an under the slogan "Many people make great efforts to win". In Song Dynasty, Wen Tianxiang was appointed as the magistrate of Pingjiang Prefecture, ordered to send troops to rescue Changzhou, and then ordered him to rescue Shangguan alone. Due to the fierce offensive of the Yuan Army, Jiangxi rebels fought bravely, but eventually failed because of isolation. There were only six people left in the end.
In the first month of the following year, the Yuan army arrived in Lin 'an, and civil and military officials fled. Empress Xie appointed Wen Tianxiang as the left prime minister and Tang Dynasty envoy (Lai, the commander of the Yangtze River in Xiangyang), and sent him out of the city to negotiate in an attempt to make peace with the Yuan Army. Wen Tianxiang went to Yuan Army Camp, hoping to spy on Mongolian military intelligence through negotiations. During the negotiation, Wen Tianxiang refuted and accused Bo Yan. At the same time, however, the Southern Song Dynasty imperial court sent people to Wen Tianxiang military camp to announce the dissolution of Wen Tianxiang's army. Bo Yan learned that Wen Tianxiang's army had been disbanded and ordered his arrest. At this time, the Yuan army occupied Lin 'an, but Huaibei, Jiangnan, Fujian and Guangxi were not completely controlled and occupied by the Yuan army. So, Bo Yan tried to seduce Wen Tianxiang and use his reputation to clean up the mess as soon as possible. Wen Tianxiang would rather die than surrender, so Bo Yan had to escort him to the north. When Wen Tianxiang was sent to Zhenjiang, he had to be rescued by local volunteers. At this time, the court of the Southern Song Dynasty had surrendered, Emperor Gong was taken to Yuan Dadu, and Lu Xiufu and other seven sons, Song Duanzong, acceded to the throne in Fuzhou. On May 26th, the first year of Jingyan (1276), Wen Tianxiang was appointed as the envoy of the Tang Dynasty and concurrently served as the commander-in-chief of various military forces. He set up a governor's office in Nanjian Prefecture (now Nanping, Fujian Province) and sent people to various places to raise soldiers and pay their salaries to continue the war against the Yuan Dynasty. In autumn, the Yuan army invaded Fujian, and Duanzong was forced to flee to the sea and drift in Guangdong by boat.
In July, Wen Tianxiang was extremely dissatisfied with Zhang Shijie's autocratic politics and disagreed with Chen, so he left the Southern Song Dynasty to go to the DPRK and set up a government in Nanjian House (now Nanping, Fujian), where he was the viceroy and commanded the anti-Yuan.
10, Wen Tianxiang moved to Tingzhou, Liancheng and other places, and sent special envoy Wu Jun to contact anti-Yuan rebels all over the country to persist in the struggle.
In the second year of Jingyan (1277), Yuan soldiers marched in and Wen Tianxiang tried to repel the enemy according to Liancheng. Huang Quji, commander of Tingzhou garrison, heard that the emperor had sailed out to sea, and the county soldiers had infidelity. Wen Tianxiang moved to Longyan one by one. In February, Wen Tianxiang led an army to attack Meizhou. In April, Zhixia sent troops from Meizhou to attack Jiangxi after killing two domineering generals. At this time, the national heroes responded to the anti-yuan and ordered Jianghuai. After Du Yu (now Du Yu, Jiangxi) won a great victory, he moved to Ganzhou, attacked Jizhou with one division, and successively recovered many counties. In Yuan Dynasty, Xuanwei of Jiangxi made Hengli launch a counterattack in Xingguo County. Wen Tianxiang was defeated, his wife and children were separated, and the remnants were taken in. He followed his mother back to Liancheng, begged the soldiers to raise them again, and then moved to Zhou Xun.
In the summer of the first year of Xiangxing (1278), Wen Tianxiang learned that Duanzong had died, and his younger brother Zhao Min, who succeeded to the throne, moved to Yashan, and was appointed as a disciple of lord protector and lord protector. In order to get rid of the predicament, he asked the army to join forces with the Southern Song Dynasty. Due to Zhang Shijie's resolute opposition, Wen Tianxiang had to give up and lead the army back to Chaoyang County. In the winter of the same year, the Yuan Army launched a massive attack, and Wen Tianxiang was attacked by Hong Fan of Bird on his way to Haifeng. Wen Tianxiang army was attacked by Yuan army when cooking in Wupoling, and suffered a heavy defeat. Wen Tianxiang swallowed the borneol with him and tried to commit suicide. He is not dead, but he is in a coma. In a coma, Wen Tianxiang was captured.
Wen Tianxiang was taken to Cliff Mountain by Zhang Hongfan and asked to write a letter to surrender to Zhang Shijie. Wen Tianxiang said, "I can't protect my parents. Can I teach others to betray their parents? " Zhang Hongfan didn't listen, forcing Wen Tianxiang to write again and again. Wen Tianxiang also copied a poem he wrote a few days ago, Crossing Ding Yang, to Zhang Hongfan. Zhang Hongfan read that "life has never died since ancient times, and it needs a heart to shine." Two words, can not help but also moved, no longer forced Wen Tianxiang. Twenty days after writing Crossing the Zero Ocean, after the disastrous naval battle of Yashan in the Southern Song Dynasty, Lu Xiufu jumped into the sea with his eight-year-old young emperor Zhao Min on his back, and the Southern Song Dynasty perished. Zhang Hongfan asked Yuan Shizu how to deal with Wen Tianxiang, and Yuan Shizu said, "Who doesn't have a loyal minister?" Zhang Hongfan was ordered to be polite to Wen Tianxiang, and Wen Tianxiang was sent to Dadu (now Beijing) to go on a hunger strike for eight days without dying. Detained in Fu Xue Hutong, Beijing.
Kublai Khan loved talents, and first sent Liu, the former prime minister of the Southern Song Dynasty who had fallen to the Yuan Dynasty, to present Wen Tianxiang's statement to persuade him to surrender. When Wen Tianxiang saw Liu's great anger, Liu had to leave angrily. Yuan Shizu demanded the surrender of Song Gongdi and Zhao Xian, who had reduced the yuan. Wen Tianxiang knelt on the ground in the north, crying, and said to Zhao Xian, "Come back!" Zhao Xian has nothing to say, disgruntled. Yuan Shizu was furious and ordered to tie Wen Tianxiang's hands and put on a wooden cangue. Put him in a military cell. Wen Tianxiang was in prison for more than ten days, but the jailer let him go. It was half a month before he took off the wooden yoke.
Kyle Polo, the prime minister of the Yuan Dynasty, personally held a hearing to interrogate Wen Tianxiang. Wen Tianxiang was taken to the hall of the Privy Council, towering away, just bowed to Kyle Poirot. Kyle Poirot called on Wen Tianxiang to kneel. Wen Tianxiang struggled to sit on the ground and never gave in. Kyle Poirot asked Wen Tianxiang, "What do you have to say now?" Wen Tianxiang replied, "There are ups and downs in the world. The destruction and slaughter of the country have occurred throughout the ages. I am loyal to Song, I just want to die early! " Kyle Poirot flew into a rage and said, "Are you going to die? I won't let you die. I want to detain you! " Wen Tianxiang was fearless and said, "I would rather die for justice than be imprisoned!" "
From then on, Wen Tianxiang spent three years in prison. In prison, he received a letter from his daughter Liu Niang and learned that his wife and two daughters were slaves in the palace and lived like prisoners. Wen Tianxiang knew that her daughter's letter was a hint from Yuan Ting: as long as she surrendered, her family could be reunited. However, Wen Tianxiang doesn't want to lose his integrity because of his wife and daughter, although his heart ached. In his letter to his sister, he said, "I am very sad to receive a letter from Miss Liu. Who has no wife, children, flesh and blood? But now, it is a kind of life to die without hesitation. what can I do? What a pity! ..... can make Liu Nv and Huan Nv become good people, but dad can't. Tears choked and choked. "
Prison life was hard, but Wen Tianxiang endured the pain and wrote many poems. Immortal masterpieces such as the third volume of the Guide and Song of Justice were all written in prison.
In the 19th year of Yuan Shizu Zhiyuan (1282) in March, the powerful minister Ahema was stabbed, and Yuan Shizu ordered that Ahema be deprived of his family wealth, tracing back to Ahema's sins and appointing Helihuo Sun as the right prime minister. Li and Hawthorne put forward the idea of governing the country by Confucianism, which was recognized by Yuan Shizu. In August, Yuan Shizu asked the minister, "Who is the prime minister of the North and the South?" Ministers replied: "Northerners are like Lu Ye Chu Cai, and southerners are like Wen Tianxiang." Therefore, Yuan Shizu issued an order to grant senior officials in Wen Tianxiang prominent positions. Some of Wen Tianxiang were demoted to Yuan's old friends, and immediately informed Wen Tianxiang about it and persuaded Wen Tianxiang to surrender, but Wen Tianxiang refused. 1February 8th, Yuan Shizu summoned Wen Tianxiang and surrendered himself. Wen Tianxiang is still bowing to Yuan Shizu. Yuan Shizu didn't force him to kneel. He just said, "You've been here for a long time. If you can change your mind and be loyal to me in the Song Dynasty, I can give you a position in Zhongshu Province. " Wen Tianxiang replied, "I am the Prime Minister of DaSong. The country is dead, and I just want to die quickly. It is not suitable for a long time. " Yuan Shizu asked again, "What do you want?" Wen Tianxiang replied, "I wish death were enough!" Yuan Shizu was very angry and ordered Wen Tianxiang to be executed immediately.
The next day, Wen Tianxiang was escorted to the execution ground at Caishikou. The beheading officer asked, "What does the Prime Minister have to say? Playing back can also save you from death. " Wen Tianxiang shouted, "What can you say when you are dead?" He asked the supervisor, "Which way is south?" Someone showed him the direction, and Wen Tianxiang bowed down to the south and said, "My business is over, and my heart is clear!" So he was sentenced to neck punishment and died calmly at the age of 47. Shortly after the execution, Russia had an imperial edict to stop it. However, Wen Tianxiang is dead. Kublai Khan said regretfully, "Good people are not for us. It's a pity to really kill him. " Wen Tianxiang's wife, Ouyang Shi, found her perfect pen in his belt when she collected the body: "Confucius said that we should be benevolent, while Mencius said that we should take justice, only benevolence is the best. What have you learned from reading the books of sages? Every now and then, I have no conscience. " Wen Tianxiang died without regret, and his lofty integrity remained immortal.
Wen Tianxiang's life has left many immortal poems for people, and his spirit deserves our extensive praise!