The reason why the Manchu government agreed to sign these unequal treaties (including the so-called "equal treaties" such as the Treaty of Nebuchadnezzar Chu, the Treaty of Brinsky and the Treaty of Chaktu) was basically to safeguard the collective interests of the decadent upper class aristocrats in Manchuria, and it was in the psychology of "protecting Han more than protecting foreign countries". This is why Cixi said, "Better give it to friends than slaves" and directly shouted the shameless traitor slogan, "Measure China's material resources and make the country happy". This also explains a series of incredible acts of treason by the Manchu nobles such as Cixi and Puyi when China was in peril.