At that time, it was the end of the Ming Dynasty, class contradictions became increasingly acute, and natural and man-made disasters continued. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, political corruption, rural bankruptcy, intensified oppression and exploitation, and drought in Shaanxi made people unable to live. After years of famine, the land was occupied by royalty and landlords. Millions of peasants have no clothes and no food in their mouths, and they are brutally exploited and oppressed by the ruling class. Li Zicheng was forced to herd sheep by a landlord named Ai because he was in debt at an early age. At the age of 2 1, he injured the landlord and fled to Yinchuan to be a post-courier. At that time, peasant uprisings broke out all over the country. 1627, Wang er, a farmer in Baishui County, northern Shaanxi Province, led hundreds of farmers to kill Zhang Douyao, the magistrate of a county, which opened the prelude to the peasant war in the late Ming Dynasty. After receiving the report, the governor of northern Shaanxi turned a deaf ear for fear of being censured by the court, and the uprising team took the opportunity to expand rapidly. 1628, Wang Jiayin, Wang Daliang, Gao Yingxiang and Wang Zuogua responded. Li Zicheng and Zhang joined the insurgents around 1630. 1630, Zhang revolted in Mizhi Village, Shaanxi Province, calling himself the "Eight Kings". Li Zicheng also killed corrupt officials and rebelled, becoming a "pioneer" in the uprising army led by his uncle Gao Yingxiang. 1635, the Ming dynasty sent Hong Chengchou out of Shaanxi, Zhu Dadian out of Shandong, and attacked the insurgents on both sides. The practice of struggle educated the insurgents, who deeply felt that only joint operations could have strength. 1635, all the insurgents joined forces in Xingyang, Henan, 13 company, 72nd battalion. They discussed the strategy against the enemy together. Main items: Li Zicheng marched into the Central Plains and Li Zicheng attacked Kaifeng three times.
Soon, he became the king of Gao Yingxiang, pioneered the Eighth Team, and moved to Shaanxi, Jinnan, Yuchu and other places. In seven years, Gao Yingxiang peasant army was trapped in the valley near Hanzhong, bribed Governor Chen Qiyu, pretended to disarm and return to agriculture, and had to get rid of the siege. Once out of the plank road, the more powerful it is to break through seven counties such as Linyou and Yongshou. 1July, 999, Xiang Ying was defeated in An Xiong, Shaanxi (this week), was captured and sacrificed, inherited the name of Chu Zhuangwang, and moved to southern Shaanxi and northeastern Sichuan. In the eleventh year, the rebel army was defeated by Zitong and forced to leave northern Sichuan. Self-built state (now Jiange, Sichuan) entered Gansu, avoiding Ningqiang (now Ningqiang, Shaanxi). From June to Hanzhong. At that time, most of the leaders of the peasant army were defeated, but the peasant army in Li Zicheng continued to fight. That winter, Hong Chengchou, the governor of Trilateral Ming Dynasty, and Sun Chuanting, the governor of Shaanxi Province, ambushed in Tongguan Yuan. The rebels suffered heavy losses and lurked in the mountainous areas of southern Shaanxi. Twelve years, avoiding Badong. In February of 13th year, Zicheng Army was defeated again in Fengjie Wuyu. In order to escape from reality, it went to Daning (now Wuxi, Sichuan) and Zhushan, returned to southern Shaanxi, and once again lurked in Shangluo Mountain (now southeast of Shangxian, Shaanxi). In the same year, there was a severe famine and peasant riots in Henan. 1 1 In the middle of the month, the insurgents passed through Shangzhou in southern Shaanxi to highlight Wuguan and moved to Henan. Farmers fought for it and even went down to counties in southwestern Henan. Soon, Niu Jinxing, Song Xian and Yan Li and other scribes defected to the Rebel Army one after another. At the beginning of 14th, he went to Luoyang, killed He Zhu, and opened a warehouse to help the poor, and his momentum expanded rapidly. Since then, Kaifeng Prefecture has been besieged for three times, winning five wars in Xiangcheng, Xiangcheng, Zhuxian Town, Jiaxian and Runing, killing Fu and Yang, Shaanxi governors of the Ming Ministry of War, and defeating Sun Chuanting, Shaanxi governor. The main force of the Ming army was destroyed, and the insurgents controlled Henan province, with nearly one million troops. Other leaders of the peasant army, such as Luo Rucai and Yuan Shizhong, joined in succession, and the Li Zicheng Uprising Army became the main force of the peasant uprising army in the late Ming Dynasty.
Since the occupation of Luoyang, Li Zicheng has gradually transformed its past mobile operations into a military strategy of "one city, one side, and one divided army". In the first month of the sixteenth year, he successfully conquered the sky (now Zhongxiang, Hubei Province), played the banner of "restraining soldiers and comforting the people" and distributed leaflets of "no conscription for three years". He sought to move to Huangzhou, expose the tyranny of Zhu Ming, and publicize his operational purpose of cultivating benevolent teachers and saving people from fire and water. Over the past two years, it has swept through dozens of counties in five provinces of Henan, as well as Huguangjing and Xiangfu. /kloc-In February of 0/6, Xiangyang (now Xiangfan, Hubei Province) changed to Xiang Jing, and a new Shun government was established, with the self-styled Marshal Fengtian Chongyi and Luo Rucai as the general who helped the people on behalf of heaven. From Tongguan to Guide (now Shangqiu, Henan) in the west, to Runing (now Runan, Henan) in the east, to the Yellow River in the north, and to Songzi, Zhijiang and Lizhou (now Lixian, Hunan) in the south, there are more than 70 counties with local officials. Main terms: Yongchang Dashun regime
According to Jing Xiang, the rebels are looking for the capital. Li Zicheng adopted Gu Junen, a counselor, taking Shaanxi as the base first. In September of 16th year, the rebels and Chuanting fought in jia county, Henan Province. At this time, the Ming army was exhausted. Taking advantage of the rainy day, the Ming army's grain and grass failed, and sent a light horse out of Ruzhou (now Linru, Henan Province) to cut off the Ming army's grain and grass, defeated Sun Chuanting, killed more than 40,000 people of the Ming army, obtained hundreds of thousands of weapons and equipment, and went to Tongguan through the court. Since then, the insurgents invaded Shaanxi in two ways, all the way through Xiashangzhou (now Shangxian County, Shaanxi Province) into southern Shaanxi; Self-reliance led the army to Tongguan. In October, Tongguan was trapped, the Ming army was defeated and the court was killed. In the first month of the seventeenth year, the insurgents conquered Xi 'an and captured Ningxia, Lanzhou, Xining, Yongchang and Zhuanglang.
After the rebel army occupied An, the official title was Dashun, with Li as the ancestor and Yongchang as the first year of Chongzhen. Change Xi to Chang 'an. Li Zicheng changed his name to Sheng and became king. Main entries: the battle of Shanhaiguan, the battle of Qing army and the battle of Dashun.
Shanhaiguan Shoujiang Wu Sangui finally took refuge in the Qing army. Li Zicheng got the news of Wu Sangui's anti-Qing campaign in Beijing, and sent Amin commander Tang Tong to lead twenty thousand cavalry out of the stone (now north of Shanhaiguan, Hebei Province), cut off Wu Sangui's retreat around Shanhaiguan Pass, and led 200,000 troops north to crusade against Wu Sangui on April 13. After receiving an urgent notice from Wu Sangui, the Qing army galloped overnight. On 2 1 day, the Qing army was defeated by Tang Tong and then entered the customs. The next day, the Qing army, Wu Jun and Dashun army confronted each other in front of Shanhaiguan. The commander-in-chief of the Qing army, Dourgen, first ordered the Wu Sangui army to engage Dashun army. The two armies were at war until noon, and Wu Jun was surrounded by peasant troops, which was difficult to support. Covered in the array, the Qing army's elite cavalry suddenly attacked from the right wing of Wu Jun and stormed the left wing of Dashun Army. The peasant army suddenly appeared chaos, once broke up and retreated to Beijing. The Qing army followed closely and defeated Li Zicheng again in Yongping (now Lulong, Hebei Province).
After Li Zicheng returned to Beijing, the 18th Battalion of Lian Bing counterattacked the Qing soldiers who followed, and lost. At this time, the peasant army had difficulties in diplomacy and the situation was grim. Li Zicheng has no intention of attaching to the north. On April 19, after he hastily acceded to the throne in Wuying Hall, he abandoned Beijing and retreated to Xi 'an. On the way to Dashun retreat, the Qing army defeated the peasant army in front of Baoding and Dingzhou (now Dingxian County, Hebei Province), and then attacked Shanxi. Bian Jiang, the prefect of Datong, surrendered, and Chen Yongfu of Pingyang (now Linfen, Shanxi) was captured. All the gold fell into the hands of the Qing army. At the same time, most areas of Hebei and Shandong were also occupied by the Qing army.
At the beginning of May, after the Qing army entered Beijing, the national military situation was divided. The Qing side controls Liaodong, Jifu, Shanxi, Shandong and other areas, the Dashun regime rules the whole northwest and parts of Shanxi, Henan and Huguang, the Daxi regime of Zhang is being incorporated into Sichuan, and the Nanming regime of Nanjing rules the whole South China. In this regard, the Qing court formulated a new military policy: first, "dispatch troops launched a massive campaign to win Shanxi and Henan", "set up a bureau in the southeast", and finally unified China. So the Qing army turned its main attack target to the peasant army and temporarily adopted the strategy of no war and no peace with the Nanming regime. To this end, the Qing court moved the capital from Shenyang to Beijing and declared the Qing dynasty the master of the world.
/kloc-in October/October, the Qing army attacked Dashun Army in two ways: the north road was led by British kings Azi, Wu Sangui and Shang Kexi, passing through Datong, Yulin and Yan 'an, and the south road was led by Yu Duoduo and Kong Youde, passing through Henan, attacking Tongguan. At the same time, the army led by Wang Wei has occupied some places in Henan and Shandong. In the first month of the following year (1645), Duoduo defeated Dashun Army in Tongguan, and Li Zicheng led the main force to evacuate to Xi 'an overnight. Tongguan was occupied by the Qing army and drove to Shaanxi. After entering northern Shaanxi, the Qing army led by Azig troops besieged Dashun Army and Hegao, which were based in Yulin and Yan 'an, and led his troops south to An. From then on, the retreat of, and Gao Huian was cut off, and they were forced to give up northern Shaanxi and enter Hubei via Hanzhong. Li Zicheng had to give up Xi 'an, take Shangluo and western Henan, and switch to Huguang Xiangyang.
After the Qing court occupied Xi 'an, it ordered a lot of people to go eastward to Nanjing to destroy the Hong Guang regime, and ordered Azig to continue to pursue Dashun Army. At this time, 500,000 Dashun troops have been distracted, lax in discipline and chaotic in command. Under the pursuit of the Qing army, they lost in successive 13 battles in Xiangyang and Jiujiang, and lost all their jurisdictions. In May, when Li Zicheng led his troops back to Jiugongshan, Tongshan County, Hubei Province, he was attacked by local landlords, died unfortunately, and the Dashun regime collapsed. The remaining 300,000 troops later joined the Nanming regime led by Lee Guo and Li Laiheng and continued to resist the Qing Dynasty. Finally, he failed in Kangxi three years (1664).