The history of English began with the Anglo-Saxon strategy and the rule of England around 450 AD. Since then, it has experienced three stages of development: Old English, Middle English and Modern English. In the Old English period (449- 1 150), the English vocabulary was about 50,000 to 60,000, and the main language was Anglo-Saxon used by the rulers. This is the mother tongue of English. During the Old English Period (1 150- 1500), the main content of vocabulary development was the introduction of thousands of Latin words and French words. Because this is the language used by Norman rulers. The vocabulary development of modern English (1500 to present) is influenced by the European Renaissance (14-16th century). At the same time, Latin words poured into English again and Greek words began to enter English.
From the process of vocabulary development, we can draw a characteristic: English has absorbed a large number of foreign words. However, although loanwords have the upper hand in number, the main body of English vocabulary is always native vocabulary. First, the original words are frequently used; Second, mother tongue is the basis of absorbing, transforming and assimilating foreign words.
Therefore, the history of English vocabulary development is a history of absorbing and assimilating a large number of foreign words with native vocabulary as the main body.
Affixes, on the other hand, are integrated into vocabulary and develop synchronously with vocabulary.
Most native affixes originated from Anglo-Saxon in Old English. Its number is less than 100, which can be divided into two categories: inflected affixes and derived affixes. Inflectional affixes are suffixes used to express grammatical relations. The plural number is -s, the past tense is -ed, the progressive state is -ing, and the comparison grades are -er and -est. There are only dozens of derived affixes in the mother tongue, all of which are word-building elements from old English. For example, be- in comes from the preposition by; Ful in carefulness comes from the adjective full. The characteristics of the original derivative affix are: 1, which can only be added to the root and cannot be conjugated with the root morpheme: 2. The form is simple and stable, and there is no variation; 3. The meaning is concise.
Exotic affixes, also known as borrowed affixes, are also known as neoclassical affixes. Foreign affixes mainly include Latin affixes and Greek affixes.
Latin affixes enter English by the "integral input" of tens of thousands of Latin words. The most degenerate Latin preposition, adverb or adjective. They are attached to Latin verbs or rankings. Latin suffixes are mostly the components that express the part of speech or inflectional relationship after the stem of Latin verbs or nouns. Its characteristics: 1, with foreign bodies; 2, the meaning is not clear; 3, can't be a single word.
Greek affixes first entered English with Latin. For example, bi- (2) in bicycle and -gram in diagram. Finally, to sum up, a few native affixes have always been the mainstream of development. As the mother tongue affixes represent the basic characteristics of English affixes, they become the basis for absorbing, transforming and assimilating foreign words, which determines the development trend of English affixes.
? The above content comes from English affixes and English derivatives.
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