The Peloponnesian War was a very cruel war, during which internal affairs and diplomacy were closely linked. Athens lost its status as a great power. But the end of the war has also brought people many new hopes, especially people want peace and freedom. Xenophon described Athens' surrender in this way: "After Athens accepted the peace treaty, Lysander entered Piraeus. Those exiled people returned to their homes, and with the sound of flutes, everyone happily began to tear down the city walls, because everyone believed that freedom in Greece began on this day. " The "Long Wall" was demolished and the Tyrol League was dissolved. The fleet of Athens was handed over except the 12 ship. In Athens, a pro-Spartan oligarchy came to power (although it was abolished in the first 403 years). Pro-Spartan governments were established in all parts of the Aegean Sea, and Sparta stationed troops everywhere. Although Corinth and Thebes wanted to destroy Athens, Athens was not destroyed because Sparta did not want to leave a power vacuum. Sparta also had its own difficulties: it intervened in the battlefield under the slogan of freedom and autonomy, but sold the cities of Asia Minor to Persia. Now it doesn't want to give these cities to Persia, so it has to fight Persia. Persia is the biggest beneficiary of this war. The war between Persia and Sparta didn't end until 386 years ago. The classical golden age of Greece ended after the "Ancient World War", which involved all countries from Sicily to Asia Minor. The Peloponnesian War was a turning point in Greek history. The Greek city-state has been unstable before, and the equilibrium relationship has been completely broken. Although Athens was able to rebuild the Tyrol League in the 4th century, it was still much inferior to the first League. However, Sparta's hegemony lasted only a few decades, but since then it has never returned to the pre-war situation. At the end of this development process, the ambitious King Philip II of Macedonia appeared.

In the Peloponnesian War, both sides were unjust. In this battle for hegemony, Sparta won only because its internal contradictions were relatively smaller and simpler than Athens. The Athenians squeezed their allies too much and laid a curse for themselves. Spartans easily won many supporters with the slogan of liberating them. The Peloponnesian War brought unprecedented destruction to the Greek world. When the enemy was still in Dekelia, all the Athenians were either on the wall or in various posts, standing next to weapons. The occupation of Attica village, the plunder of property and the massive loss of manpower are one of the main reasons for the decline of Athenian power. The devastating blow of the war to the small-scale peasant economy destroyed the foundation of Greek civilization. As the pillar of the city-state, the citizen soldier system declined with the establishment of small business owners, and the end of the Greek city-state is not far away. It is really "the weather is not as good as the geographical position, and the geographical position is not as good as people." In order to rule Greece, the Spartans sacrificed Greece's long-term interests, United their arch-enemy Persia against the Tyrol League, and accelerated the failure of Athens, but the days left for them were running out.

In this war, it is a prominent strategic issue to strengthen naval power and compete for maritime superiority. The Athenians once put their fate on their powerful fleet, thus ignoring the interests of Attica farmers and finally getting themselves into trouble. When the Spartans fought the Athenians for the first time, they didn't even have the skills to sail in the storm, but after years of war, they defeated the Athenians who dominated the sea for decades in one fell swoop, laying the foundation for the final victory. Gusulagu learned the knowledge of fighting in the war. They hit the Athenian bow with a specially reinforced bow and cooperated with the javelin, which broke the traditional naval tactics of the Athenians and posed a great threat to the enemy. Sticking to the city wall and attacking the city and plundering the land are not uncommon in this war. This is a major feature of ancient wars. When the Athenians were fighting, people from all over the country gathered in Athens, hoping to resist the Spartans. Digging tunnels, cutting off water sources, setting fire to the city, containing it for a long time, and even storming the city with siege machinery or destroying it with internal and external attacks are all common methods to break the city.

In the war, it is more important to catch the fighter in time than anything else. In 429 BC, when the Spartans were unfamiliar with water, Wen Xiong took advantage of the difficulties brought by the wind and waves and immediately attacked the enemy and won. Later, the Spartans played a trick or two to lead the Athenians into a trap. Seeing that victory was in sight, they got carried away and screwed up. The Athenians lost no time in turning their backs on each other and turning defeat into victory. In the battle of Amphipoli in 424 BC, Cleon, the main battle in Athens, did not think about how to fight, but first considered retreating. In the retreat, he exposed his weakness to the enemy, which just gave the Spartans a chance to win by surprise. The Spartans lost 600 people at the cost of losing 7 people and won the victory in Athens. Such a huge contrast left a deep impression on people. The confidence of the Athenians at the beginning of the war cannot be said to depend largely on their financial resources at that time; At the end of the war, the long-term siege of Sparta made the Athenians lose their land and livestock. There were slaves rebelling inside, allies rebelling outside and powerful enemies, and the Athenians were in danger. In Syracuse, the Athenians were far away from their homeland, often troubled by supply difficulties, and finally suffered the misfortune of being wiped out by the whole army. After the fall of Pailos, the Spartans failed to organize rescue and the backyard caught fire. The heroes rebelled, made things worse and finally failed. This shows how important it is to have a strong and consolidated rear in the war.