Longshan culture, which was characterized by polishing black pottery 4000 ~ 4500 years ago, was named after 1928 was first discovered in Longshan Town, the eastern suburb of Jinan. In Xia Dynasty, there were large-scale cities in Chengziya area of Longshan Town.
During the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, Jinan was an ancient Tan country (Oriental country, with its capital in today's Chengziya and Pingling City). During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Jinan belonged to Qi State, which was called "Long", "Saddle" and "Lixia" in ancient times, and was an important town in the southwest of Qi State.
During the Qin Dynasty, the land belonged to the northern county of Hebei (the county ruled Bo Yang, which is now Tai 'an). In the Western Han Dynasty, Jinan County was established, and Dongping Mausoleum was governed by the county (now Zhangqiu Ping Ling City, Jinan City). In the 16th year of Emperor Wen of Han Dynasty (164), Jinan was established with Dongping Mausoleum as its capital.
Before 154, Jinan prefecture was abolished and Jinan county was restored. During the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Jinan County was under the jurisdiction of Dongping Mausoleum, Licheng and other counties 14, and was under the jurisdiction of Qingzhou Secretariat. In the seventeenth year of Jianwu in the Eastern Han Dynasty (4 1), Jinan County was renamed as Jinan Prefecture, which governed 14 County and later changed to 10 County.
During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, dynasties changed frequently. Jinan was once subordinate to Wei, Western Jin, Hou Zhao, Yan Qian, Qian Qin, Hou Yan, Southern Yan, Eastern Jin, Liu Song, Northern Wei, Eastern Wei, Northern Qi and Northern Zhou, with frequent changes.
In the meantime, Jinan County was moved from Ping Ling (Dongping Mausoleum) to Licheng in the last years of Yongjia in the Western Jin Dynasty (3 13). Since then, Jinan has become the administrative center of the capitals of counties and States in past dynasties.
In the ninth year of Yuanjia in Liu Song Dynasty (432), overseas Chinese settled in Jinan County, which was ruled by prefectures and counties. In the third year of the Northern Wei Dynasty (469), Jizhou, an overseas Chinese, was changed to govern 6 counties and 35 counties including Jinan County, Dongwei County and Taiyuan County.
In the third year of Emperor Kai of Sui Dynasty (583), the county was removed and merged into the city. qi zhou still ruled Jinan and governed Licheng and other counties 10. Daye three years (607), renamed Qixian. After the establishment of the Tang Dynasty, it was renamed qi zhou, which governed six counties, including Licheng, Zhangqiu and Changqing. During the Tianbao period in the middle Tang Dynasty, qi zhou was renamed Linzi County and Jinan County. During the Five Dynasties, it was still called Liang, Tang, Jin, Han and Zhou.
In the Northern Song Dynasty, JD.COM Road and JD.COM East Road successively belonged to qi zhou. In the sixth year of Zheng He (1 1 16), qi zhou was promoted to Jinan Prefecture, which governed five counties including Licheng, Zhangqiu and Changqing. After two years of Jianyan (1 128), it was taken by the Jin Dynasty, and it still belongs to Jinan Prefecture, which governs 7 counties and belongs to Shandong East Road.
During this period, it was a pseudo-Qi jurisdiction established by Liu Yu, the former magistrate of Jinan. At the beginning of Yuan Dynasty, Jinan Road was changed, and Zhili was in Zhongshu Province. In the second year of Yuan Dynasty (1265), it administered prefectures, Binzhou and Licheng, Zhangqiu, Jiyang and Shanghe counties (1 1).
During the Jin and Yuan Dynasties, Jinan was successively the East-West Road Procuratorate of Jinshan and the East-West Road Administrative Office of Yuanshan, and it was the supervision center of Shandong.
At the beginning of Ming Dynasty, it was renamed Jinan Prefecture, which governed four states of Tai 'an, Dezhou, Wuding and Binzhou, and twenty-six counties of Licheng, Zhangqiu, Changqing, Jiyang and Shanghe. In the ninth year of Hongwu (1376), Chief Secretary Cheng Xuan, the highest administrative organ in Shandong Province, moved from Qingzhou to Jinan.
Jinan has become the capital of Shandong Province, the political, military, economic and cultural center of the province, and one of the important central cities in China. In the early Qing Dynasty, it was built along the Ming Dynasty. In the second year of Yongzheng (1724) and the twelfth year (1734), the division was adjusted.
Jinan Prefecture governs Dezhou, Licheng, Zhangqiu, Changqing, Jiyang and other counties 1 state, 15. In the early years of the Republic of China, Jinan Prefecture was abolished and Daibei Road was established, which governed 27 counties. 19 14 Daibei Road was renamed Jinan Road, and the county under its jurisdiction remained unchanged.
1925 changed jurisdiction over Licheng, Zhangqiu, Changqing, Jiyang and other counties 10. 1July, 929, Jinan was formally established through the analysis of Licheng County and its suburbs. At that time, Jinan had an area of 1.75 square kilometers and a population of more than 400,000.
1948 In September, the East China Field Army of China People's Liberation Army liberated Jinan and established Jinan Special City. May 1949, renamed Jinan City. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Jinan experienced a long primitive, slave and feudal society.
Enter a new era of socialism. 1958, Licheng county was assigned to Jinan city. Then Zhangqiu and Changqing were successively assigned to Jinan 1978, Pingyin 1985, Jiyang and Shanghe 1990.
1February 1994, Jinan was officially designated as a sub-provincial city. 20 16 12. Zhangqiu will be removed from the city and divided into districts. Jinan now governs 7 districts and 3 counties.
Extended data:
"Jinan", as its name implies, is named because it is located in the south of Jishui. Jishui, a long-lost river, originated in Jiyuan County, Henan Province, and its old river course in Shandong Province is about the present Yellow River.
Hebei, Hehe, Huai River (which may refer to Weishui at first) and Jiang River (which may refer to Yishui at first) were called "Sidu" in ancient times. They are all sacred rivers in ancient China, which are also famous historical and cultural rivers of our Chinese nation.
Jishui is a golden waterway connecting the Central Plains and the coast of Shandong Peninsula. Its position and significance in the ancient history of Jinan cannot be exaggerated by any language. However, as a place name, "Jinan" appeared late.
In the early years of the Western Han Dynasty, Jinan County was established, and the county was ruled in Dongping Mausoleum. Dongping Mausoleum now belongs to Zhangqiu, located about twenty or thirty kilometers east of Jinan today. Two kilometers west of Dongping Mausoleum is the world-famous ruins of Chengziya ancient city.
Chengziya ancient city site covers an area of 200,000 square meters. It was founded more than 4000 years ago during the Longshan culture period and should be the capital of the early country. In Xia Dynasty, it was the capital of Tan State. During the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, it was the capital of Tan State.
At the beginning of the Spring and Autumn Period, Qi Huangong destroyed Tan and built Jianping Mausoleum. During the Warring States Period, in order to meet the needs of the development of the situation, the State of Qi built a 3.6 million square meter Dongping Mausoleum on the east side of Ping Ling City in Chengziya.
In the Han Dynasty, the Dongping Mausoleum became the county seat of Jinan County, or the capital of Jinan. Cao Cao, at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, was the minister of Jinan.
Therefore, in ancient times, the political, economic and cultural center of Jinan today was in Zhangqiu area east of Jinan today, and it was only in the late Western Jin Dynasty that it was transferred to Jinan today. The main reason lies in the change of ecological environment.
Specifically, Dongping Mausoleum was a prosperous metropolis in the Han and Wei Dynasties, with a large population and abundant resources. Excessive water consumption for residents, industry and agriculture will inevitably lead to a decrease in the groundwater level. In addition, over-exploitation has also caused serious damage to forest vegetation.
Affect the flow of nearby rivers (such as raw water), or even dry up. The problem of water use has become increasingly prominent, eventually forcing people to abandon Dongping Lingcheng and move Jinan County to Licheng, which is today's Jinan.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Jinan