"Mechanism" originally refers to the structure, function and relationship of organisms; Structure and working principle of the machine; Organism refers to general things, and the mechanism of focusing on the inside of things is relationship.
The mechanism focuses on practical application, and the purpose of transforming the mechanism is achieved by reforming the system and system; In other words, by establishing appropriate institutions and systems, corresponding mechanisms can be formed.
For example, planned economy and market economy are two different systems; Under the two economic systems, a completely different economic operation mechanism has been formed. It can also be said that it is an institutional decision mechanism. The leadership system is nothing more than the relationship between the superior and the subordinate, the working mechanism is the way of actual work, and the long-term effect is the long-term effect.
Model essay on working mechanism
First, the original intention of reform: expanding inner-party democracy
The so-called working mechanism generally refers to the process and way of interaction between organizations or parts of a working system. The working mechanism of the party Committee mentioned in this paper includes both procedures and institutionalized ways and means (the system stipulated by words and the "agreement" invisible to words belong to the category of institutionalization). The working mechanism of the Party committee is an operational and instrumental issue, but it also embodies a certain value orientation, for example, is it conducive to decentralization or centralization? Is it conducive to improving efficiency or wrangling? Wait a minute. If our basic value orientation is democracy and science, then the working mechanism of party committees will be biased towards democracy and science, and vice versa. Of course, in real life, there will be disharmony or even conflict between the basic value orientation and the specific mechanism, so reforming and perfecting the working mechanism will become an important agenda.
China has made great achievements in the past 30 years of reform and opening-up, and local party committees have made great contributions. But when it comes to the working mechanism of local party committees, issues related to democratic centralism are most concentrated in various places.
The internal working mechanism of local party committees is not only reflected in party constitution's provisions on democratic centralism, such as clearly stipulating that party committees at all levels implement the system of combining collective leadership with individual division of responsibilities, and stipulating the principle of "collective leadership, democratic centralism, individual deliberation and meeting decision". , but also reflected in the "Regulations on the Work of Local Committees in the Communist Party of China (CPC) (Trial)" and the local work regulations or regulations formulated by various localities according to the above regulations. Theoretically speaking, the fundamental organizational principle of the party is democratic centralism, and the working mechanism of the party Committee should also reflect the spirit of democratic centralism.
However, in practice, there is a big gap between Party committees at all levels in the implementation of democratic centralism, especially in the embodiment of democratic spirit, some of which are good and some are poor, which basically depends on the democratic quality of the "top leaders" of Party committees. Going back, as early as *, Deng Xiaoping said in his famous "Reform of the Party and State Leadership System": "Under the slogan of strengthening the unified leadership of the party, all power is improperly and without analysis concentrated in the Party Committee, and the power of the Party Committee is often concentrated in a few secretaries, especially the first secretary. They must take the lead and make the final decision on everything. The unified leadership of the party often becomes individual leadership. This problem exists to varying degrees at all levels in the country. " Since then, the Party has been reforming what Deng Xiaoping called "excessive concentration of power". * * The "Regulations on the Work of Local Committees of the Chinese Production Party (Trial)" was promulgated, and the discussions and decisions on major issues since the 16th National Congress are all part of this reform.
However, a party that has always advocated collective leadership, why does its basic value orientation and working mechanism repeatedly fail to meet? Fundamentally speaking, this is a problem of the leadership system within the party, and the value orientation reflected by the system will inevitably affect the running direction of the working mechanism. Practically speaking, because the system problem has not been really solved, people generally reflect that the power operation within the party is still too centralized. This shows that, at least, there are contradictions and conflicts between the working mechanism of the party Committee and the spirit of democratic centralism and collective leadership of the party.
Because of the above reflection, the Fourth Plenary Session of the 16th CPC Central Committee proposed: "Improve the composition of the Standing Committee of the Party Committee, appropriately expand the cross-posts of party and government leaders, reduce the number of leadership positions, and effectively solve the problem of cross-division", "reduce the number of deputy secretaries of local party committees, implement the division of responsibilities of the Standing Committee, and give full play to the role of collective leadership", and so on, and proposed to amend the work regulations of local party committees. It can be seen that the basic idea of reform is to expand inner-party democracy, reduce the level of power operation and reduce the contradictions caused by the intersection of party and government. In the process of the change of local party committees before the 17th National Congress, the above reform ideas have been effectively implemented.
Second, the effectiveness of the reform: progress and problems coexist
From * to * the practice of local party committees in China after the change of office, the reform of the working mechanism of party committees with reducing the number of deputy secretaries, implementing the division of responsibilities of the Standing Committee and appropriately expanding the cross-employment of party and government as the core is both effective and worthy of further reflection. As far as its effectiveness is concerned, first, the number of deputy secretaries has been reduced, and the secretarial office has actually disappeared, reducing the level of power operation; Second, the division of responsibilities of the Standing Committee helps to improve the enthusiasm of the Standing Committee; Third, the composition of the Standing Committee has been further improved, and so on.
However, there is no perfect reform in the world, and so is the reform of the working mechanism of party committees. Judging from the actual work after the equipment reform, there are some problems that are contrary to the original intention of the reform. For example, the secretary's office meeting will be cancelled, which is a good thing to return to party constitution. However, people generally reflect that a matter needs to be discussed by several secretaries, even if it is a "form", and it must go through procedures before it can be taken to the Standing Committee. Even if we don't discuss it now, what the secretary personally thinks is important is directly taken to the Standing Committee as an issue, which is more "concentrated" than in the past. For another example, what is the responsibility of the full-time deputy secretary? Different places, some assist secretaries, some specialize in party affairs, some are similar to foreign "regardless of ministers", and some specialize in things with unclear division of labor and unclear responsibilities of the Standing Committee, and so on. For another example, the new internal communication mechanism of the party Committee has not been established. How does the secretary communicate with the Standing Committee? How to supervise and inspect the division of labor of the Standing Committee members? How to communicate and negotiate between the Standing Committees? Need further thinking. In some places, it has also been asked whether adding government staff to the Standing Committee will lead to "government" and "emptiness" of the Party committee. The biggest problem is that the supervision of the "number one" remains the same, and the new mechanism has not solved this long-standing problem.
The above problems are problems in the reform and can only be solved in the reform. How to treat these problems?
The author believes that, first, the effectiveness of a system design can only be confirmed by repeated tests in practice, and the defects can only be tested by practice, so it is necessary to keep pace with the times and further reform.
Second, the equipment reform of local party committees is carried out on the basis of extensive investigation, but in the process of constructive system design, it is necessary to discuss with the whole party repeatedly and listen to different opinions, that is, is the democratic decision-making in system design sufficient? Lenin believes that major issues need to be discussed directly by the whole party, not indirectly, and this idea should be more fully reflected in the system construction.
Third, there are some chronic diseases in the internal working mechanism of the Party Committee, such as the difficulty of supervision by the top leaders and the effectiveness of democratic centralism depending on their personal qualities. These are basically problems of the party's leadership system, and it is difficult to solve them by working mechanism alone. In other words, the working mechanism will eventually be influenced by the system and is the product of a specific system. If it is divorced from the reform of the leadership system, it will be difficult for the working mechanism to fully play its role.
Fourth, the Standing Committee is responsible for the division of labor. Under normal circumstances, the Standing Committee members are familiar with the topics of their own division of labor, while other Standing Committee members are unfamiliar with the topics of division of labor and cannot discuss them, or it is inconvenient to speak and discuss them. In this context, collective leadership is still greatly restricted; Moreover, the division of labor between the Standing Committee and the relevant government officials is still overlapping, similar to the "dividing troops" of the party committees that have always existed in history.
Third, the direction of reform: pay equal attention to democracy and science, and pay equal attention to system and mechanism.
It is a great article to improve the working mechanism of the party Committee after the reform. Promoting the new great project of party building in an all-round way with the spirit of reform and innovation naturally includes exploring the internal working mechanism of the party Committee with the spirit of reform and innovation. The author believes that the direction of reform is to pay equal attention to democracy and science, and to the leadership system and working mechanism.
As mentioned above, the working mechanism itself is an operational problem, but it also has a value bias. Whether it is beneficial to democracy or to a few people or individuals to decide major issues depends on the designer's value bias. The internal working mechanism of the Party committee should reflect the will of the majority and the spirit of collective leadership that the Party has always advocated. For example, the rules of procedure and decision-making mechanism need to further reflect the spirit of democracy. The 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China stipulated a voting system for local party committees to discuss and decide major issues and appoint important cadres, and the standing committees of party committees at all levels regularly report their work to the plenary session of the Committee and accept supervision, all of which belong to the reform of working mechanism.
The author believes that as the embodiment of the reform of working mechanism, there are still many specific systems and links that can be improved:
The first is the topic. Whether the topic is put forward and whether it can become the agenda of the meeting after it is put forward is of great significance, which is equivalent to the "nomination right" on the issue of employing people. According to the current work regulations of local party committees, the agenda of the Standing Committee is decided by the secretary or the deputy secretary entrusted by the secretary, and the agenda of the National Committee is decided by the Standing Committee. The author believes that not only the secretary can decide the proposal of major issues of the Standing Committee, but other Standing Committees should also have the right and power to propose, and they can also become the topics of the Standing Committee after certain procedures; The proposal for the agenda of the whole Committee can be decided by the Standing Committee or put on the agenda of the whole Committee through specific procedures. In addition, according to the spirit of the Fourth Plenary Session of the 16th CPC Central Committee, the National Committee should solicit the opinions of the representatives of the Party Congress at the same level in advance or invite some party representatives to attend the meeting as nonvoting delegates.
The second is the openness of party affairs. Except for major commercial secrets, military secrets and diplomatic secrets, the questions raised, the discussion process of the party Committee, the implementation process and the feedback of the results should be made public, so that the party's work can be presented in the sun, which can alleviate the difficulty of supervising the power exercisers to some extent.
The meeting stressed that it is necessary to