Specifically, natural disasters mainly include floods and droughts, meteorological disasters, earthquake disasters, geological disasters, marine disasters, biological disasters and forest and grassland fires. Accidents and disasters mainly include all kinds of safety accidents, traffic accidents, public facilities and equipment accidents, environmental pollution and ecological damage incidents in industrial, mining, trading and other enterprises; Public health events mainly include infectious diseases, mass unexplained diseases, food safety and occupational hazards, animal epidemics and other events that seriously affect public health and life safety; Social security incidents mainly include terrorist attacks, economic security incidents and foreign-related emergencies.
flood control and drought relief
According to the National Emergency Plan for Flood Control and Drought Relief, the national emergency response mechanism for flood control and drought relief is divided into four levels, with the highest being 1 level and the lowest being 4 levels. Details are as follows:
First-level emergency response
One of the following situations is a first-level response:
1.On February 5, 2009, China launched the first level I emergency response to drought;
On February 5th, 2009, China launched the Class I emergency response to drought for the first time.
A catastrophic flood occurred in a river basin;
2. Multiple river basins are flooded at the same time;
3. Embankment breaches in important sections of major rivers;
4. Dam failure of important large reservoirs;
5. Many provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government suffered severe drought at the same time;
6. Extraordinary droughts occurred in several big cities simultaneously.
First-level response action
1. The commander-in-chief of the National Defense General presided over the meeting, and members of the General Defense General attended. Start the flood control plan approved by the State Council as appropriate, make corresponding work arrangements, strengthen the guidance on flood control and drought relief, and report the situation to the CPC Central Committee and the State Council. Send a working group to the front line to express condolences and guide flood control and drought relief work in accordance with central regulations. When necessary, report to the Central Committee for research and deployment of flood control and drought relief work. The National Defense General closely monitors the development and changes of floods and droughts and the working conditions, makes a good forecast of floods and droughts, completes the scheduling of key projects, and sends experts to the front line to strengthen technical guidance. The National Defense General has increased the number of personnel on duty, strengthened the duty, and issued a flood (drought) information bulletin on CCTV every day to inform the flood (drought) situation and measures. The Ministry of Finance provides timely financial assistance to the affected areas. The National Defense General Office urgently allocated flood control and drought relief materials for the disaster areas; Railway, transportation and civil aviation departments provide transportation guarantee for the transportation of flood control and drought relief materials. According to the needs, the Ministry of Health dispatched medical and health professional prevention and control teams to the disaster areas to assist in medical treatment and disease prevention and control. Other member units of the National Defense General do a good job in related work according to the division of responsibilities.
2. The relevant river basin flood control headquarters shall dispatch water conservancy and flood control projects according to their authority; Provide dispatching staff advice for the National Defense General. Send working groups and expert groups to support local flood control and drought relief;
3. The flood control headquarters of the relevant provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government and the flood control and drought relief headquarters of the provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government may start the first-level response, may extend the emergency flood control period in the local area according to law, and exercise their functions and powers in accordance with the relevant provisions of the National Flood Control Law. At the same time, increase the number of personnel on duty, strengthen the duty, and the main leaders of the flood control and drought relief headquarters presided over the consultation to mobilize the deployment of flood control and drought relief work; Dispatching water conservancy and flood control projects according to the authority; According to the plan, transfer people in dangerous areas, organize and strengthen dike inspection and dike defense, control dangerous situations in time, or organize and strengthen drought relief work.
The flood control and drought relief headquarters of all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government shall report their work to the local people's government and the National Defense General.
Level Ⅱ emergency response
One of the following situations is a second-order reaction:
1. Several provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government suffered from severe floods at the same time;
2. A big flood happened in a river basin;
3. The levee breaches in the general reach and main tributaries of the main stream of the great river;
4. Dam failure occurs in general large and key medium-sized reservoirs;
5. Severe droughts occurred in many provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government;
6. Severe drought occurred in several big cities at the same time;
7. More than one big city has experienced a severe drought.
Secondary response action
1. The deputy commander-in-chief of the National Defense General presided over the consultation, made corresponding work arrangements, strengthened the guidance on flood control and drought relief, reported the situation to the leaders in charge of the State Council and informed the member units of the National Defense General. The National Defense General strengthens the duty force, closely monitors the development and changes of floods and droughts and the working conditions, makes a good forecast of floods and droughts, makes a good dispatch of key projects, and sends working groups and expert groups to the front line to guide flood control and drought relief. The Office of the National Defense General publishes bulletin on flood (drought) situation on CCTV from time to time. The Ministry of Health sent a medical team to the front line to help with medical rescue. Other member units of the National Defense General do a good job in related work according to the division of responsibilities.
2. The flood control headquarters of the relevant river basins closely monitor the development and changes of floods and droughts, do a good job in flood forecasting, and send working groups and expert groups to support local flood control and drought relief; Dispatching water conservancy and flood control projects according to the authority; Provide dispatching staff advice for the National Defense General.
3. The flood control and drought relief headquarters of the relevant provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government may declare the region to enter an emergency flood control period according to the situation and exercise relevant powers. At the same time, increase the number of personnel on duty and strengthen the duty. Responsible comrades of the Flood Control and Drought Relief Headquarters presided over the consultation, specifically arranged flood control and drought relief work, dispatched water conservancy and flood control projects according to their authority, organized and strengthened defense inspections according to the plan, timely controlled dangerous situations, or organized and strengthened drought relief work. Responsible persons of flood control and drought relief headquarters at all levels in the disaster-stricken areas and responsible persons of member units shall organize and direct flood control and drought relief work in the areas in charge according to their duties. The relevant provincial flood control and drought relief headquarters shall report their work to the local people's government and the main leaders of the National Defense General. The member units of the flood control and drought relief headquarters of relevant provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government fully cooperate with the flood control and drought relief work.
Level Ⅲ emergency response
One of the following situations is a three-level response:
1. Several provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government suffered floods at the same time;
2 major floods in provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government;
3. Major dangers appear in major river dikes;
4. Large and medium-sized reservoirs are in serious danger;
5. Drought occurred in many provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government;
6. Moderate drought occurred in several big cities;
7. A serious drought happened in a big city.
Three-level response action
1. The Secretary-General of the National Defense General presided over the consultation, made corresponding work arrangements, closely monitored the development and changes of floods and droughts, strengthened the guidance on flood control and drought relief, and reported the situation to the State Council and informed the member units of the National Defense General. The National Defense General Office sent working groups and expert groups to guide local flood control and drought relief.
2. The relevant river basin flood control headquarters should strengthen flood (drought) monitoring, strengthen flood forecasting, do a good job in relevant project scheduling, and send working groups and expert groups to the front line to assist in flood control and drought relief.
3. The flood control and drought relief headquarters of the relevant provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government launched a three-level response, and the responsible comrades of the flood control and drought relief headquarters presided over the consultation and made specific arrangements for the flood control and drought relief work; Dispatching water conservancy and flood control projects according to the authority; According to the plan, organize protection or drought relief, send working groups and expert groups to the front line to assist in flood control and drought relief work, and report the flood control and drought relief work to the leaders in charge of the local people's government and the National Defense General. The provincial flood control headquarters issued a "flood (drought) situation bulletin" on provincial TV stations. The health department organized medical teams to go to the front line to carry out health and epidemic prevention work.
Level Ⅳ emergency response
In any of the following circumstances, it is a four-level response:
1. Several provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government have common floods at the same time;
2. Several provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government suffered from mild drought at the same time;
3. The dikes of main rivers are in danger;
4. Large and medium-sized reservoirs are in danger;
5. Many cities above large scale are affected by drought at the same time.
Ⅳ four-level response action
1. The deputy director of the National Defense General Office presided over the consultation meeting, made corresponding work arrangements, strengthened flood and drought monitoring and flood control and drought relief work guidance, and reported the situation to the State Council and informed the member units of the National Defense General Office.
2. The flood control headquarters of the relevant river basins shall strengthen flood monitoring and drought monitoring, do a good job in flood forecasting, and report the relevant situation to the National Defense General Office in a timely manner.
3. The flood control and drought relief headquarters of relevant provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government shall be presided over by the responsible comrades of the flood control and drought relief headquarters, and make specific arrangements for flood control and drought relief work; Dispatching water conservancy and flood control projects according to the authority; Take corresponding defensive measures or organize drought relief according to the plan; Send an expert group to the front line to guide the flood control and drought relief work, and report the flood control and drought relief work to the local people's government and the State Defense General Office.
highway
The emergency mechanism is divided into four levels according to unexpected events such as road traffic accidents, leakage of dangerous chemicals, bad weather and natural disasters, as well as traffic interruption and vehicle detention on expressways.
First order response
If the road traffic is interrupted for more than 24 hours, which seriously affects the highway traffic in three neighboring provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government), it is a first-class response;
Answer again
If the road traffic is interrupted for more than 24 hours, resulting in the detention of vehicles involving the passage of expressways in more than two neighboring provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government), it is a secondary response;
Three-level response
If road traffic is interrupted for more than 24 hours, causing vehicles to stay and affecting the traffic of highways in three or more adjacent municipal districts in this province (autonomous region or municipality directly under the Central Government), it is a three-level response;
Four-level response
If the road traffic is interrupted 12 hours or more, causing vehicles to stay and affecting the traffic of expressways in two or more municipal districts, it is a four-level response.
Avian influenza epidemic situation
According to the Ministry of Agriculture's Emergency Implementation Plan for Prevention and Control of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza in Autumn and Winter of 2005, people's governments at the county, prefecture and provincial levels and their relevant departments should start relevant plans and make different emergency responses according to different levels of highly pathogenic avian influenza.
First-level emergency response
The emergency response (level I) of the particularly serious and highly pathogenic avian influenza epidemic includes: after confirming the outbreak of the particularly serious and highly pathogenic avian influenza epidemic, the Ministry of Agriculture issued a red warning to the whole country, and timely put forward suggestions for starting the national emergency plan to the State Council according to the situation, and suggested that the State Council should start the emergency response mechanism to uniformly lead and direct the fight against the sudden and highly pathogenic avian influenza epidemic. At the same time, the local veterinary administrative department organized the supervising agencies for animal epidemic prevention to carry out the investigation and handling of the sudden outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza.
Two level emergency response
Emergency response to severe epidemic situation of highly pathogenic avian influenza (Grade II) includes: the veterinary administrative department of the provincial people's government confirms the occurrence of severe epidemic situation of highly pathogenic avian influenza and reports it to the Ministry of Agriculture. At the same time, quickly organize relevant units to carry out emergency response to the epidemic. The Ministry of Agriculture shall strengthen the supervision of the provincial veterinary administrative departments on the emergency response to the sudden outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza, and organize relevant experts to assist in the emergency response to the epidemic as needed; And timely notify the relevant provinces and issue an orange warning to the whole country.
Three-level emergency response
Emergency response to severe epidemic situation of highly pathogenic avian influenza (Grade III) includes: the veterinary administrative department of the people's government at the prefecture (city) level confirms the occurrence of severe epidemic situation of highly pathogenic avian influenza, and reports the investigation and handling situation to the local people's government, the provincial veterinary administrative department and the Ministry of Agriculture in accordance with regulations. The veterinary administrative department of the people's government at the provincial level shall strengthen the supervision of the emergency handling of the epidemic situation, organize experts to provide technical guidance and support for the emergency handling of the local epidemic situation in a timely manner, and issue a circular to the relevant areas of this province.
Four-level emergency response
The emergency response to the general epidemic situation of highly pathogenic avian influenza (level IV) includes: the veterinary administrative department of the people's government at the county level confirms the general epidemic situation of highly pathogenic avian influenza, and reports it to the people's government at the same level and the veterinary administrative department at the next higher level according to regulations. The veterinary administrative department of the Municipal People's Government shall organize experts to provide technical guidance for emergency treatment of epidemic situation. The veterinary administrative department of the provincial people's government shall provide technical support as needed.
public health
According to the nature, harm degree and scope of public health emergencies, public health emergencies are divided into four levels: particularly serious (Grade I), major (Grade II), major (Grade III) and general (Grade IV).
First-level emergency response
(1) lung
Plague and pulmonary anthrax occur in large and medium-sized cities and have a tendency to spread, or plague and pulmonary anthrax spread to more than two provinces and have a tendency to spread further.
Interpretation: More than/kloc-0 cases of pneumonic plague or more than 2 cases of pulmonary anthrax with epidemiological connection occurred in municipalities directly under the central government, provincial capital cities and cities with separate plans; Or pneumonic plague, pulmonary anthrax (with clear epidemiological connection, the same below) related epidemic situation occurred in more than two provinces.
(two) cases of infectious atypical pneumonia and human infection with highly pathogenic avian influenza, and there is a tendency to spread.
Interpretation: More than SARS 1 case occurred; Or more than 2 cases of human infection with highly pathogenic avian influenza have epidemiological correlation; Or in a county (city) administrative area, there are more sporadic cases of human infection with highly pathogenic avian influenza.
(3) Group diseases with unknown causes involve many provinces and have a spreading trend.
Interpretation: Within two weeks, a group of unexplained diseases with the same clinical manifestations occurred in two or more provinces, with deaths, an increase in the number of cases or an expansion of the epidemic area. After investigation by the national health administrative department, the reason is still unknown.
(4) The occurrence or introduction of new infectious diseases or infectious diseases that have not been discovered in China, with a spreading trend, or the discovery that infectious diseases that have been eliminated in China are prevalent again.
Interpretation: Infectious diseases first discovered in the world and confirmed by the World Health Organization occurred in China, with new cases or deaths in a short time; Or infectious diseases with strong infectivity and high mortality occur for the first time in China, and the number of cases is increasing or the scope of epidemic areas is expanding; Or find cases of wild strains of smallpox and polio that have been eliminated in China.
(five) the occurrence of serious sexually transmitted diseases, strains, pathogenic factors and other loss events.
Interpretation: The loss of the first type of pathogenic microorganisms and other highly toxic pathogenic factors stipulated in the Regulations on Biosafety Management of Pathogenic Microbiological Laboratories has caused serious harm to people's health.
(six) the epidemic situation of infectious diseases in the surrounding areas and countries and regions sailing with China is serious, and there are imported cases, which seriously endanger China's health and safety.
Interpretation: The epidemic situation of major infectious diseases occurred in the surrounding areas and countries and regions sailing with China, and imported cases appeared, which was assessed by experts organized by the health administrative department of the State Council as an event that seriously endangered China's public health safety.
(seven) other particularly serious public health emergencies identified by the administrative department of health of the State Council.
Interpretation: According to the nature, time of occurrence, people involved and social influence, the health administrative department of the State Council identified it as a particularly serious public health emergency.
Two level emergency response
One of the following circumstances is a major public health emergency (Grade II):
(a) in a county (city) administrative area, the average incubation period (6 days) occurred more than 5 cases of pneumonic plague and pulmonary anthrax; Or related epidemic spread to more than two counties (cities).
Interpretation: In a county (city) administrative area, the cumulative number of cases of pneumonic plague or pulmonary anthrax has reached more than 5 within 6 days, and the time distribution of cases is not clear, it is calculated according to the cumulative number of cases in the latest process of the incident; Or related pneumonic plague or pulmonary anthrax epidemic has occurred in more than two counties (cities).
(2) Suspected cases of infectious atypical pneumonia and human infection with highly pathogenic avian influenza.
Interpretation: A province has more than 1 suspected cases of infectious atypical pneumonia, or more than 1 suspected or confirmed cases of human infection with highly pathogenic avian influenza.
(three) bubonic plague epidemic, in a city (prefecture) administrative area, the average incubation period of more than 20 consecutive cases, or the epidemic spread to two listed places (prefectures).
Explanation: bubonic plague is prevalent. In a city (prefecture) administrative area, multiple epidemic spots (centering on the residence of plague patients, defining neighbors or tents that may be polluted around them) have occurred within 6 days, and more than 20 cases have occurred. If the time distribution of cases is not clear, the cumulative number of cases in the latest process of the incident shall prevail; Or related bubonic plague outbreaks have occurred in both markets.
(4) Cholera is prevalent in one city (prefecture) administrative area, with more than 30 cases occurring within 1 week, or spreading to two cities (prefectures), showing a spreading trend.
Interpretation: Cholera is prevalent in the administrative area of a city (prefecture), and more than 30 cases have occurred within 7 days. If the time distribution of cases is not clear, the cumulative number of cases in the latest process of the incident shall prevail; Or two markets (places) have related epidemics and continuous cases.
(5) Class B and Class C infectious diseases spread to more than two counties (cities), and the incidence level in 1 week is more than twice the average incidence level in the same period of the previous five years.
Interpretation: Without the data of the average incidence level in the previous five years, the health administrative department at or above the provincial level will organize experts to judge according to the nature, degree and scope of the incident.
(six) the occurrence or introduction of an infectious disease that has not yet been discovered in China has not yet caused its spread.
Interpretation: The undiscovered infectious diseases in China refer to those that have been found in other countries and regions, such as Ebola, monkeypox, yellow fever and human variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, but not in China.
(seven) the occurrence of unexplained group diseases, affecting areas outside the county (city).
Interpretation: A group of unexplained diseases occurred in the administrative area of a county (city), and some deaths occurred, which spread to other counties (cities). After investigation by the health administrative department at or above the provincial level, the reason is still unknown.
(eight) the occurrence of major iatrogenic infection.
Explanation: Homologous iatrogenic infection (including nosocomial infection) has caused more than 5 cases or directly caused more than 3 deaths.
(nine) death occurred in vaccination or group preventive medication.
Interpretation: In case of death related to vaccination or group preventive medication, the health administrative department at or above the provincial level shall organize experts to identify the cause of death as vaccination or group preventive medication.
(10) The number of people suffering from food poisoning once exceeded 100, and there were deaths, or the number of deaths exceeded100.
Explanation: A Food poisoning refers to acute and subacute food-borne diseases with the same exposure history after eating foods contaminated by biological and chemical toxic and harmful substances or foods containing toxic and harmful substances, the same below.
(eleven) more than 50 people suffered from acute occupational poisoning at a time, or more than 5 people died.
Explanation: Acute occupational poisoning refers to acute occupational poisoning with the same exposure history of occupational hazard factors, the same below.
(12) Hiding, transporting or mailing highly toxic biological pathogens and biological toxins at home and abroad, resulting in infection or death of domestic personnel.
Interpretation: Hiding, transporting or mailing the first-class pathogenic microorganisms or highly toxic biotoxins stipulated in the Regulations on Biosafety Management of Pathogenic Microbiological Laboratories at home and abroad, causing illness or death of people in China.
(thirteen) other major public health emergencies identified by the health administrative department of the people's government at or above the provincial level.
Interpretation: The health administrative department of the people's government at or above the provincial level identified the incident as a major public health emergency according to its nature, time of occurrence, personnel involved and social influence.
Level Ⅲ emergency response
One of the following circumstances is a major public health emergency (Grade III):
(a) cases of pneumonic plague and pulmonary anthrax occurred, with an average incubation period of no more than 5 cases, and the epidemic range was within the administrative area of a county (city).
Interpretation: In a county (city) administrative area, there were less than 5 cases of pneumonic plague or pulmonary anthrax within 6 days. If the time distribution of cases is not clear, the cumulative number of cases in the latest process of the incident shall prevail.
(2) The epidemic situation of bubonic plague, in the administrative area of a county (city), the average incubation period is more than 10 cases, or it affects more than two counties (cities).
Explanation: bubonic plague is prevalent. A county (city) administrative region, 6 days 10 cases. If the time distribution of cases is not clear, the cumulative number of cases in the latest process of the incident shall prevail; Or related bubonic plague epidemic has occurred in more than two counties (cities).
(3) Cholera occurred in the administrative area of a county (city), 1 week 10-29 cases, or spread to more than two counties (cities), or occurred for the first time in the urban areas of cities above the city (prefecture) level.
Interpretation: within the administrative area of a county (city), the cumulative incidence of cholera within 7 days 10-29 cases. If the time distribution of cases is not clear, the cumulative number of cases in the latest incident shall prevail; Or the related cholera epidemic has occurred in more than two counties (cities); Or the urban area of a city above the prefecture level that first occurred in that year.
(4) Within one week, the incidence level of Class B and Class C infectious diseases in the administrative area of a county (city) is more than 1 times higher than the average incidence level in the same period of the previous five years.
Explanation: In the absence of weekly average incidence data for the previous five years, the following standards are temporarily applicable:
1, dysentery, hepatitis A, typhoid fever, paratyphoid fever, measles: in a county (city) administrative area, the cumulative number of the same incident exceeds 100; Or cumulative incidence 10 or more deaths.
2. Encephalomyelitis and hemorrhagic fever: In the administrative area of a county (city), the same incident exceeded 10, and there were deaths.
3. Influenza: In the administrative area of a county (city), there are more than 500 cases of the same incident.
(five) unknown group diseases found in the administrative area of a county (city).
Interpretation: In the administrative area of a county (city), a number of unexplained diseases were found and deaths occurred. After investigation by the health administrative department at or above the provincial level, the cause is still unknown.
(six) the number of one-time food poisoning exceeds 100, or there are deaths.
(seven) group psychogenic reactions or adverse reactions occurred in vaccination or group preventive medication.
Explanation: In the process of vaccination or group preventive medication, group psychogenic reactions or adverse reactions occurred, which were confirmed by experts organized by the provincial health administrative department.
(eight) an acute occupational poisoning 10-49 people, or less than 4 people died.
(nine) other major public health emergencies identified by the health administrative department of the people's government at or above the city (prefecture) level.
The health administrative department of the people's government at or above the city (prefecture) level is determined as a major public health emergency according to the nature, occurrence time, personnel involved and social influence scope of the event.
Level Ⅳ emergency response
One of the following circumstances is a general public health emergency (Grade IV):
(a) bubonic plague occurs in the administrative area of a county (city), and the average number of cases in the incubation period does not exceed 10.
Interpretation: In the administrative area of a county (city), the cumulative number of cases within 6 days is less than 10, and the time distribution of cases is unclear, it shall be calculated according to the cumulative number of cases in the latest incident.
(2) Cholera occurred in the administrative area of a county (city), and less than 9 cases occurred in 1 week.
Interpretation: In a county (city) administrative area, if the cumulative number of cholera cases within 7 days is less than 9, and the time distribution of cases is unclear, the cumulative number of cases in the latest process of the incident shall prevail.
(3) 30-99 people were poisoned by food once, and there were no deaths.
(four) an acute occupational poisoning occurred in less than 9 people, and no fatal accident occurred.
(five) other general public health emergencies identified by the health administrative department of the people's government at or above the county level.
Interpretation: Class B and Class C infectious diseases meet the reporting standards of the National Standard for Information Reporting and Management of Public Health Emergencies, but fail to meet the Class III standard, and are classified as general events (Class IV). Other infectious diseases: can be classified according to Class B and Class C infectious diseases. ..
The health administrative department of the people's government at or above the county level shall, according to the nature of the incident, the time of occurrence, the people involved and the scope of social influence, identify it as a general public health emergency. What should be prepared in the earthquake emergency kit? "
Outdoor activities accident first aid "