Heaven and Earth Society is one of the secret societies in Qing Dynasty. It is named after worshipping heaven as father and earth as mother. Also known as Hong Men, commonly known as the Red Gang. At present, there are several different opinions about the time of the establishment of the heaven and earth society, but there is no conclusion. At first, its members were mostly farmers or small-scale craftsmen, small traders, transport workers along land and water transportation and other vagrants without fixed jobs.

In the future, the composition is more and more complex, but it is still dominated by the poor at the lower level. The slogans of the Heaven-Earth Society, such as anti-Qing, restoring sight, obeying heaven and justice, robbing the rich and helping the poor, reflected the national concept of the people at that time and the requirements of opposing class oppression. The lower socio-economic status of its members makes them more in need of mutual assistance. Therefore, loyalty and righteousness have become the highest moral standard in the meeting and an important guarantee for achieving organizational unity and economic mutual assistance.