The battle formation of ships is constantly changing with the development of weapons and equipment, battle formation of ships and combat operations. In the paddle boat era and the early sailing era, in order to carry out the battle of docking and collision, the battle formation of single horizontal team and multi-horizontal team was often adopted. /kloc-At the beginning of the 5th century, Zheng He's fleet of Ming Dynasty also adopted wedge formation in China. With the development of artillery as the main weapon of the long-distance fleet, in order to develop firepower and facilitate command, fleet battle formation appeared. 1805 In the naval battle at Cape Trafalgar, the British navy changed the single-column battle formation into the double-column battle formation, and carried out interspersed division, defeating the joint fleet of France and Spain. At the end of 19, the range of artillery increased and the penetration ability of artillery shells improved. The warship formation adopts a relatively sparse column battle formation, which is convenient for maneuver and command. Due to the appearance of new ships and torpedoes and the continuous improvement of mine weapons, various battle formations adapted to torpedo attack, mine laying and mine clearance have been added. During the First World War, due to the use of submarines, anti-submarine warning screens began to be included in the formation battle formation. During the Second World War, aircraft carrier formations adopted semi-circular or circular battle formations. After the war, missiles became the main weapons and equipment of warships. In some countries, warship combat formations have been incorporated and early warning fleets have been added to provide early warning.
The basic requirements for forming a warship combat formation are: to maximize the power of all forces and weapons; When attacking, we can use firepower to attack enemy ships, and when defending, we can form a fire net to resist attacks from the air, water and underwater. It is conducive to maneuvering, changing formation in time and reducing injuries; It is convenient for close cooperation and centralized command.
Different warship formations adopt different battle formations in different types of battles. It is usually determined according to the enemy's situation, tasks, sea conditions, the number of ships and the weapons and equipment of ships. ① Single column, used for naval gun attack, missile attack and mine. (2) double column, used in mine. (3) The single horizontal line is used for wide frontal search, missile attack of missile boat, submarine search attack, mine laying, non-contact mine clearance and mine explosion, landing assault of landing ships and landing tools, and submarine screen setting. (4) Multi-flat cables are used for non-contact navigation and mine clearance, and the landing craft waves impact the shore. ⑤ echelon, used for naval gun attack, missile attack, torpedo attack, mine laying, contact mine clearing, mine explosion and submarine curtain laying. ⑥ Multi-echelon, used for contact navigation and mine clearance. ⑦ Herringbone Team and Anti-Herringbone Team are used for missile attack and submarine search attack, while combat vessels Formation is used for air defense and submarine prevention. The Diamond Team is used for air defense and submarine defense of combat vessels formation. Pet-name ruby ring formation, used for aircraft carrier formation to perform various tasks, escort transport team and landing transport team formation navigation. Attending the semi-circular formation, which is used to cover and escort warships and land convoys.
In the future war, the battle formation of ships will be more sparse, the scale will tend to be smaller and the application will be more flexible. In order to improve the rapid response ability, the navigation formation will gradually keep consistent with the combat formation.