In the early years of the Yuan Dynasty, the government repeatedly ordered landlords to reduce rents, and this ban was later abolished. In the second year of Yanjun in Yuan Renzong (13 15), he ordered "field inspection" in Huaibei and Jiangnan, but the landlord bribed the government and concealed the land, and the officials wanted to take this opportunity to "overcharge". As a result, the sandy saline-alkali land cultivated by farmers in Huaibei area was also used as cultivated land. At this time, farmers in Jiangxi and other places were aroused to fight against the increase of land rent by including farmland. Following Wu Zong (1308-131year), Li Renzong (13 12- 1320) and Yingzong (/kloc) For example, Yuan Yingzong's "Southern Slope Change" and the literati's "Historical Change". At this time, the country's military and political power has been handed over to the powerful Mongolian minister. Luxury and corruption have become the norm in the supreme ruling group. The Mongolian royal family and the government of the Yuan Dynasty used most of the human fat and human ointment collected every year for unrestrained old-age gifts and "Buddhist services". When Wu Zongshi was in power, the government invested 2.8 million ingots every year, and he spent more than 8.2 million ingots in less than a year. After Injong ascended the throne, he spent more than 20 million ingots, most of which were used to reward Mongolian nobles. [6] Since the reign of Wu Zongshi, the expenditure on religious activities such as worshipping gods and building temples has been as high as two-thirds of the total government revenue. According to the statistics of Xuanhui College in the fourth year of Yanyou in Injong (13 17), only one food was provided for the Buddha. That year, * * * used 439,500 Jin of flour, 79,000 Jin of oil and 27,300 Jin of honey, and slaughtered as many as 1 10,000 sheep every day. After Yingzong, emperors were greedy for money and good things and plundered endlessly. In this case, finance is often tight, so that "the court never has a day's reserve." In order to make up the deficit, the rulers of the Yuan Dynasty had to raise taxes and issue paper money indiscriminately, and the people were exploited even more.
At the end of Yuan Dynasty, corruption and exploitation became increasingly serious. The government sells officials and rewards the public. Officials have all kinds of tricks. "It's nothing to spend money, spend money on holidays, save money for birthdays, ask for money regularly for big things, send money to people for money, chase money for money, and sue officials for money. The more money you find, the more successful you will be. In addition to getting better points in the state, you can also find a good job near the cave. " [7], even honest and clean officials visit officials, but also "go to counties and counties, each with its own treasury, check some money, and go to the market almost" [8].
In Yuan Shundi (Hui Yuan Sect), all corruption reached its peak, with the arrogance of Mongolian nobles and lamas, the corruption of officials and the despotism of landlords increasing day by day. The Mongolian royal family headed by Shun Di was also "ugly and smelly" and the rule of the Yuan Dynasty was on the road to collapse. Parallel to cruel corruption and exploitation, serious natural disasters have appeared one after another. In the first year of Yuan Dynasty (1333), there was heavy rain in Gyeonggi, and there were more than 400,000 hungry people. In the past two years, Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces were affected by disasters, and as many as 590,000 people were hungry. In the last three years (1337), Jiangsu and Zhejiang have been hit again, with more than 400,000 hungry people. In the fourth year of Zheng Zheng (1344), the Yellow River flooded three times and hungry people were everywhere. Forced by natural and man-made disasters, farmers left the land in droves and armed uprisings rose.
As early as the second year of Taiding (1325), Bodhisattva Zhao Chou-4 and Guo in Xizhou, Henan Province revolted and put forward the slogan "Maitreya deserves the world", which started the peasant uprising at the end of Yuan Dynasty. In the third year from Shun Di to Yuan Dynasty (1337), Zhu Guangqing and Nie Uprising took place in Guangdong, which was called "the Buddha was born in Dingguang" in history. In the same year, an uprising took place in Banghu, Henan Province, where incense was burned and people gathered, and the rebels "held the Maitreya Buddha flag". In the fourth year of Yuan Dynasty (1338), monk Peng and Zhou revolted in Yuanzhou, and more than 5,000 peasants revolted. "vests are all written in Buddhist characters." By the beginning, small-scale uprisings and riots had spread all over the country, with more than 300 uprisings in southern Beijing alone. [9] The peasants who held the uprising were mostly Han Chinese and southerners, so the Mongolian rulers were more hostile to Han Chinese and southerners. The Prime Minister of the Yuan Dynasty and others once proposed to eliminate the five surnames of the Han people, namely, Zhang, Wang, Liu, Li and Zhao. At the same time, it is reiterated that Han people should not be armed, unarmed, and northerners are not allowed to repay those who beat southerners today. The implementation of these bans further ignited the flame of resistance.
All kinds of folk songs against Mongolian rulers are circulated everywhere. Liu Futong called for "poor in the south and rich in the north". At that time, someone said, "Talbai, northerners are the masters and southerners are the guests. Tar, southerners will be the masters. " He also said: "When it rains, people will complain. If they stay where they are, things will change" [10]. These folk songs strongly reflected the increasingly intensified ethnic and class contradictions at that time. The Red Scarf Army Uprising at the end of Yuan Dynasty was a total outbreak of ethnic and class contradictions, and more importantly, class contradictions.
"A one-eyed stone man provoked the Yellow River to rebel against the world" is a popular folk song in the disaster-stricken areas of the Yellow River in Zheng Zheng for ten years (1350). [1 1] Eleven years from Shun Di to Zheng Zhi (135 1), because the Yellow River was provoked, the world was in chaos. This year, the Yuan government ordered Jia Lufa, Daming, ministers of the Ministry of Industry, and other/kloc-0.5 million farmers to build rivers, and at the same time sent troops to suppress them along the Yellow River. It was these peasants who served on the Yellow River construction site that ignited the fuse of the Red Scarf Army uprising. After the Red Scarf Uprising broke out, there was a time when "poverty led to chaos". Within a few months, the flags of the Uprising were raised everywhere among the Yellow River, the Yangtze River and the Huaihe River. [Edit this paragraph] In the eleventh year (135 1), the Red Scarf Army uprising broke out, which was mainly divided into two groups. One was yes, headed by; The other is Qiu and Huang, headed by Xu Shouhui (monk Peng).
In May of the same year, Liu Futong led the peasant army to capture Yingzhou. For a long time, Liu Futong used the White Lotus Sect to organize farmers to resist Yuan. He was first promoted to Han in Yongnian, calling him the grandson of Song Huizong VIII, and "the people of the great river, Huaihe River, Xiangjiang River and Shaanxi will follow with a loud voice". Unexpectedly, Han was arrested and his son fled to Wu 'an. Fortis came to Yingzhou, captured Zhu Gao, and opened a warehouse in Zhu Gao to help the poor, with hundreds of thousands of followers. Later, they successively occupied Luoshan, Zhenyang, Queshan, Runing, Xizhou and Gwangju.
In August, Xu Shouhui and Peng Yingyu captured qi zhou. Peng Yingyu is a "Zhuang" in Yuanzhou. He became a monk in his early years and treated others with clear springs. People in Yuanzhou are as good as gods. He used White Lotus to organize peasant uprisings for a long time. In the fourth year of Yuan Dynasty (1338), the uprising failed, and the people in western Huaixi fled, and the people in western Huaixi "fought for refuge" [12]. At this point, Xu Shouhui, the cloth dealer, fought bloody battles in the Qi and Huang Uprising, made peace with Jianyuan, and finished his title, and soon occupied Wuchang, Anlu, Mianyang, Jiangzhou and Raozhou. These two peasant armies are called the Red Scarf Army or the Red Army. They all believe in Maitreya Buddha and burn incense to gather people, also known as the "incense army." In addition, with the Red Army as the number, there are sesame plums in Xiaoxian, Wang San in Nanyang, Meng Haima in Fan Jing, Guo Zixing in Haozhou, and farmers in Huaibei, Fengpei, Xuru and Han Jing all rose to respond. The basic masses of the Red Scarf Army are poor peasants. Ye, a scholar at the end of the Yuan Dynasty, said that at that time, "the wealth of the characters was uneven, and the fun was chaotic" [13]. Zhu Yuanzhang, the Ming emperor, also said that there were "more than 10,000 people who abandoned agriculture and held knives" in Haozhou area [14]. The fundamental reason for farmers' resistance to the Yuan Dynasty was the inequality between the rich and the poor and the intensification of class contradictions at the end of the Yuan Dynasty. But the cruel national oppression of Mongolian rulers is also an important reason.
At the same time as the Red Scarf Army Uprising, there were the Uprising of Fang Guozhen in East Zhejiang in the eighth year of Zheng Zhi (1348) and the Uprising of Zhang Shicheng in Taizhou in the thirteenth year of Zheng Zhi (1353). Fang Guozhen was born as a tenant farmer, and it is said that he fled for his life because he killed the landlord who collected the rent [15]. Zhang Shicheng's business is to ship salt. Because he sells salt to the rich, "the rich don't give value", so he leads the troops. The anti-Yuan struggle led by them contained the military power of the Yuan Dynasty and strengthened the momentum of the Red Scarf Army.
When the Red Scarf Army started a prairie fire and developed in all directions, the Mongolian government sent an ancient scholar to suppress it without spending money. Don't spend 300,000 Mongolian troops stationed in Shahe in an attempt to destroy the Red Scarf Army led by Liu Futong, but they were awed by the prestige of the Red Scarf Army, and the Yuan Army was frightened all night, so they abandoned their soldiers and fled. The Yuan government sent Prime Minister Tuotuo to lead an army to attack Xuzhou Sesame Plum, and the Yuan army will gather in Xuzhou, giving the two main forces of the Red Scarf Army a chance to develop.
In the 12th year of Zheng Zheng (1352), the Red Scarf Army led by Xu Shouhui and Peng Yingyu captured Hangzhou. In Hangzhou and other places, they are disciplined, do not commit adultery or kill people, and only register people who join the party in their household registration. They won the support of the people, and the team soon increased to one million people. The Red Scarf Army led by Liu Futong also grew up in the battle. In the 14th year of Zheng Zheng (1354), Yuan Shundi listened to the slanderers of the treacherous court official, deposed Tuotuo and took his handsome seal. Many people have joined the Red Scarf Army, and the momentum of Liu Futong is growing [17]. In the 15th year of Zheng Zheng (1355), Liu Futong made Han Liner emperor in Bozhou, and changed his country name to Longfeng, which was called "Wang Xiaoming" in history. The Red Scarf Army in all parts of the Central Plains accepted the leadership of Dasong. In the seventeenth year of Zheng Zheng (1357), he divided his troops and cut Yuan in three ways. The East Road, led by Mao Gui, swept the Yuan Army in Shandong and Hebei and reached Liulin and Zaozhuang hundreds of miles away. Most Mongolian nobles (now China and Peking) suggested fleeing to the north. However, the Red Scarf Army was stopped by Yuan reinforcements in central Hebei and retreated to Shandong. The middle route, led by Mr. Guan and Pan Tou, attacked Jiangzhou, entered Baoding Road, turned through Datong and headed for Saibei. In December of the 18th year of Zheng Zheng (1358), this rebel army captured Shangdu (near Duolun, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region), burned down the Mengyuan Palace, which was "rich in Saibei", and then moved to all parts of Liaodong and invaded Korea twice. The West Road, led by Li Xixi and Bai Unbelief, went out of Wuguan from Jingzhou and Fancheng and attacked Chang 'an (now Shaanxi 'an). Li Xixi entered Shu, and the rest captured Gansu and Ningxia. At the same time of marching on the third road, Liu Futong also captured the capital city of the Capital of Song Dynasty, so "Palace Que, Yizhengshuo, Bashu, Jingchu, Jianghuai, Qilu, Sanhai, Gansu in the west, the land of war, the situation is linked" [18]. As the Red Scarf Army's campaign said, "After a long period of stagnation, it advocates restoring the righteousness of the Central Plains, with Qilu in the east, Qin in the west, Fujian and Guangxi in the south, and Youyan in the north, and knows everything. If the hungry get a good job, the sick will encounter a medicine stone" [19], the Red Scarf Army's struggle against Yuan reached a climax.
The Red Scarf Army headed by Mao Gui won the hearts of the people in Shandong and other places. Some people gave the clothes and food they got to the poor, and those innocent and plundered people were returned. "Three hundred and sixty wasteland were established in Laizhou, each with a distance of three miles; Build a hundred cars to transport grain depot, and only take two-tenths of the official and civilian fields "[20]. Another "Binxing Garden" was established to attract talents. In order to remove the threat of the Red Scarf Army, the Yuan government ordered the killing of all Han Chinese and "recalled all exiled Mongolians and Semu people to the capital". Later, when they saw that the landlords of the Han nationality were also hostile to the Red Scarf Army, they announced that they would waive the boundary between southerners and northerners. Anyone who rose up to suppress the Red Scarf Army was rewarded by thousands of families. The Yuan government also gave Fang Guozhen and Zhang Shicheng dragon clothes and royal wine, and gave them official titles to buy them to work for Mongolian rulers. Fang Guozhen and Zhang Shicheng accepted the titles of the Yuan Dynasty and turned against the Red Scarf Army. In the 12th year of Zheng Zheng (1352), Chahan Timur and Li Siqi rose up and attacked the Red Scarf Army. "Those who take their own meanings will come.". In the same year, Badulu also "recruited Xiangyang officials and local tyrants evaded troops" and attacked Bozhou in the north [2 1]. The army that lost Batulu was annihilated by Liu Futong in the 16th year of Zheng Zhi (1356), but Chahan Timur was strongly supported by the rulers of the Yuan Dynasty, and his military strength grew day by day. In the 18th year of Zheng Zheng (1358), Chahan Timur was divided into Guanshan, Jingzhou, Heluo, Jianghuai and other towns, and heavily stationed in Taihang Mountain, becoming the most ferocious enemy of the Red Scarf Army.
During the peasant uprising of the landlord class of Han nationality, some people were always loyal to Meng Yuan and resolutely opposed the peasants. They want to "do their best to serve the country" [22]. Others don't want to be slaves of Mongols, but will fight back in self-defense and sit tight. But these people actually stood with the rulers of the Yuan Dynasty. A small number of people joined the peasant army, because there are still sharp ethnic contradictions between the Han landlords and the Mongolian rulers, and some people were forced by the peasant army.
After many bloody battles, the Chinese Red Army led by Xu Shouhui gained and lost in many areas, and Peng Yingyu also died in the battle [23]. Later, Xu Shouhui sent Ming to capture Sichuan in the earthquake, and parts of Sichuan and Yunnan were also controlled by the Red Scarf Army. In the twentieth year of Zheng Zheng (1360), Xu Shouhui was killed by his ministry, Chen Youliang, and Chen Youliang became emperor, with the title of "Big Man". Ming Yuzhen refused to accept the leadership of Chen Youliang, and soon became independent in Chongqing, Sichuan, with the name Xia.
The Red Scarf Army led by Liu Futong is gradually at a disadvantage. The three armies of the Northern Expedition did not have precise arrangements in advance, and the military orders were neither unified nor related to each other. The troops of Mr. Guan, Pan Tou and Li Xixi have been fighting everywhere, without a consolidated base, winning in front and being attacked behind. In the 19th year of Zheng Zheng (1359), Chahan Timur captured the capital of song dynasty, while Han Liner and Liu Futong withdrew and left Anfeng. At this time, Mao Gui, who was stationed in Shandong, was killed by his subordinate Zhao Junyong. Chahan Timur took the opportunity to send troops to Shandong, and all cities in Shandong were occupied by Chahan Timur. Shandong fell and Anfeng Pingfan was removed. In the 23rd year of Zheng Zheng (1363), Zhang Shicheng besieged Anfeng, the city was broken, and Liu Futong was killed and sacrificed.
Although the Red Scarf Army led by Liu Futong and Han Liner failed, in the anti-Yuan struggle, there were hundreds of wars in thirteen years, which dealt a fatal blow to Mongolian aristocrats and Han bureaucratic landlords and fundamentally destroyed the rule of Mongolian Yuan Dynasty. [Edit this paragraph] Zhu Yuanzhang's prosperity and the demise of the Yuan Dynasty When the Red Scarf Army and the main force of the Yuan Army struggled, Zhu Yuanzhang began to be unique and gradually developed his own power.
Zhu Yuanzhang, a native of Zhongli (now Fengyang, Anhui Province), was originally named Zhu Chongba. He was born in a poor peasant family. I was a monk for the landlord when I was a child. In the 12th year (1352), he joined the Red Scarf Army led by Guo Zixing in Haozhou. In the 14th year of Zheng Zheng's reign (1354), he was ordered to go south slightly, led 3,000 able-bodied men in Lvpai village, attacked the Yuan army in Hengjian Mountain at night, and took 20,000 elite soldiers, then occupied Chuzhou. In the 15th year of Zheng Zheng (1355), Zhu Yuanzhang invaded Heyang and crossed the river to capture Taiping, Lishui and Liyang. At this time, Han Liner proclaimed himself in Bozhou and accepted Han Liner's official position and titles. The troops all wrapped their heads in red scarves, also known as Xiang Army [24]. Zhu Yuanzhang has strict military discipline and knows people well. Scholars such as Feng and Li Shanchang gave him advice, and Chang Yuchun and Hu Dahai, who were brave and good at fighting, also came to him. In the 16th year of Zheng Zheng (1356), Zhu Yuanzhang occupied Qing Ji Road (now Nanjing, Jiangsu) and changed its name to Jinling, becoming a powerful armed force within the Red Scarf Army.
From the 16th to 19th years of Zheng Zheng (1356- 1359), Zhu Yuanzhang took Jinling as his base and constantly expanded his influence. At this time and in the north, Xu Shouhui in the west, Zhang Shicheng in the east, and the Yuan troops stationed in southern Anhui and eastern Zhejiang are weak. In the seventeenth year of Zheng Zheng (1357), Zhu Yuanzhang sent Xu Da, Chang Yuchun and Hu Dahai to capture Ningguo, Huizhou and Chizhou respectively, and led the troops to conquer Wuzhou the next year. In the 19th year (1359), Zheng Zheng continued to capture Quzhou, Chuzhou, southern Anhui and southeastern Zhejiang, all of which were controlled by Zhu Yuanzhang.
In the twenty years of Zheng Zheng (1360), Zhu Yuanzhang made friends with landlords and literati in eastern Zhejiang, such as Liu Ji, Song Lian, Ye Chen and Zhang Yi, especially Liu Ji and Song Lian, who played an important role in Zhu Yuanzhang's pioneering work. From then on, Zhu Yuanzhang further won the support of the landlord class in the southeast and consolidated his rule in this area. Zhu Yuanzhang also attached importance to the restoration of agricultural production. In the eighteenth year of Zheng Zheng (1358), Kang Maocai was taken as the agricultural messenger to build dikes, build water conservancy projects, prevent drought and flood, and manage farmland. In addition, a government-run militia was set up, imitating the ancient meaning of involving soldiers in agriculture, selecting strong farmers, making them "land to the tiller and training for the idle" and exempting land taxes many times. He also accepted Zhu Sheng's suggestion that "build a high wall, accumulate wide grain, and slow down is king" [25]. These measures have achieved certain results. In the area under his rule, farmers' lives were relatively stable and the supply of military food was sufficient.
When Zhu Yuanzhang occupied eastern Zhejiang and other places, the Red Scarf Army led by Han Liner and Liu Futong was being attacked by Yuan Army and landlord forces such as Chahan Timur, and Xu Shouhui killed Chen Youliang for the Ministry. Although Chen Youliang is powerful, but "the soldiers are divided into two ways" and "the decrees are different", Ming Yuzhen is only a separatist regime in Sichuan, and it is a corner. Zhangtucheng, which occupied Suzhou, and Fang Guozhen, which was Qingyuan in the east of Zhejiang, had already joined the Yuan Dynasty. In the areas under their jurisdiction, they only occupy land, enslave tenant farmers, corrupt and enjoy themselves, and don't care about the sufferings of the people, so they can't get the support of the people. This situation is extremely beneficial to the development of Zhu Yuanzhang.
In the twentieth year of Zheng Zheng (1360), Chen Youliang led an army to capture Taiping and went straight to Jinling, which was defeated by Zhu Yuanzhang. Zhu Yuanzhang led the army to counterattack and successively conquered Raozhou, Anqing and Hongdu. In the 23rd year of Zheng Zheng (1363), Chen Youliang and Zhu Yuanzhang fought in Poyang Lake. After 36 days of bloody fighting, Chen Youliang was shot dead by an arrow, and the whole army was wiped out. The following year, his son Chen Li surrendered. At this point, Zhu Yuanzhang lifted the biggest threat to the west.
In the 24th year of Zheng Zheng (1364), Zhu Yuanzhang claimed to be the king of Wu. In the 25th year of Zheng Zheng (1365), Zhu Yuanzhang transferred troops to Zhang Shicheng, Suzhou. He took the military deployment of "bombing his elbow" and sent troops to capture Gaoyou and Huai 'an, which Zhang Shicheng had controlled for a long time. At the same time, he moved eastward to Huzhou, Jiaxing and Hangzhou, annihilated the main force of the Zhang Shicheng army and then surrounded Suzhou. In the twenty-seventh year of Zheng Zheng (1367, the first year of Wu), Suzhou city was broken, Zhang Tucheng was captured and hanged, and Sanwu was pacified. Fang Guozhen, who was stationed in Qingyuan, Wenzhou and Taizhou, also sent envoys to defect. In the same year, they sent generals to capture Guangdong and Fujian respectively, and Zhu Yuanzhang had occupied half of the southeast. When Zhu Yuanzhang attacked Zhang Shicheng, he publicly denounced Anbaili religion as "black magic" in the campaign, saying that the Red Scarf Army "burned battlements, killed scholars and poisoned tea creatures.". In the winter of the 26th year of Zheng Zheng (1366), he sent someone to kill Han Liner in Guabu. At this time, Zhu Yuanzhang has obviously become the agent of the landlord class and the ruler of the new feudal regime.
Zhu Yuanzhang not only defeated the separatist forces in the south of the Yangtze River, but also actively prepared to attack the Yuan Dynasty in the north. At this time, Mongolian rulers were more corrupt. Yuan Shundi trusted lamas and monks and enjoyed himself every day. The imperial coup continued, and the military strength was devastated. We can only rely on landlords such as Kukutemur and Balotemuer to support the mess. Kuokuokuo Timur defended Henan, Lori Timur defended Datong, and Li Siqi and Zhang Liangbi defended Guanzhong. They fought for years, plundered and slaughtered everywhere, and brought great suffering to the people.
In the twenty-seventh year of Zheng Zheng (1367, the first year of Wu), Zhu Yuanzhang decided to explore the north. In "Denying the Yuan Dynasty" drafted by Song Lian and others, the slogan of "expelling Land Rover, restoring China, rebuilding innocence and relieving the people" was put forward. In the election campaign, he accused Kuokuotor and others of "using pseudo-elements to help their own interests and holding many people as kings", pointing out that these people's annexation of each other was a great harm to the people. At the same time, it is pointed out that although Mongolians and Semu people are not Han people, they are treated equally with Han people as long as they are willing to be subjects [26]. It shows Zhu Yuanzhang's more enlightened ethnic policy.
The Northern Expeditionary Army led by Xu Da, Chang Yuchun and others successively defeated the troops of Kuotumur, Li Siqi and Zhang Si Road in Shandong, Bianliang and Tongguan. In July of the 28th year of Zheng Zheng (1368, the first year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty), General Xu Dahui arrived in Linqing, connecting cities such as Dezhou and Tongzhou, and Yuan Shundi led empresses, princes and some Mongolian ministers to flee from Dadu North. In August, the Northern Expeditionary Army invaded Dadu, ending the rule of the Yuan Dynasty in the whole country. This year, Zhu Yuanzhang established the Ming Dynasty and changed Hongwu to Ming Taizu. Later, it took Zhu Yuanzhang nearly 20 years to wipe out other peasant armies, defeat the remnants of the Yuan Dynasty (Northern Yuan Dynasty) and complete the reunification of China. The vigorous peasant uprising at the end of Yuan Dynasty ended. [Edit this paragraph] List of heroes of peasant uprising at the end of Yuan Dynasty. During the peasant uprising at the end of Yuan Dynasty, readers' eyes were generally attracted by Zhu Yuanzhang's rebel army. The establishment of the Ming Dynasty became synonymous with overthrowing the rule of the Yuan Dynasty. So there are many forgotten but important chapters in the mainstream history of the Warring States period. Zhu Yuanzhang joined the Haozhou Rebel Army, became a son-in-law, a leader, an independent army, and left the quarry, so that the literati in eastern Zhejiang supported the construction of Gaocheng and the accumulation of grain, the Poyang Lake War, the destruction of Zhang Shicheng and Fang Guozhen and the Northern Expedition. These are all well-known histories. But during this period, Zhu Yuanzhang's army rarely fought with the main force of the Yuan Army.
History is like this.
1 The first hero who rebelled against the Yuan Dynasty, Fang Guozhen. The uprising was the earliest and lasted for 8 years. Is Liu Ji's sworn enemy. Liu Bowen and his accumulated experience in the war wrote a military book. And it played an important role in assisting Zhu Yuanzhang in the future. They seem to be from Wenzhou.
Liu Futong, the biggest enemy of Yuan Dynasty. Based in Henan, Anhui and Shandong, we fought the Yuan Army in Hebei, Shanxi and Shaanxi. Destroyed the main force of the yuan army. The Yuan court was forced to rely on the civilian army to defeat the Longfeng regime. The situation is somewhat similar to the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom.
Anti-Yuan hero Zhang Shicheng. When the first stage of the anti-Yuan revolution entered a low tide. The million yuan army broke the Yangtze River defense line of the Red Scarf Army and restored the ties between the North and South yuan armies. As a non-Red Army system, Zhang Jun's insistence on the siege of Gaoyou led to the collapse of the main force of Yuan Army headed by Tuotuo. From then on, the second climax of various anti-Yuan rebels began.
4 Three-way Northern Expedition. Liu Futong, with the capital of song dynasty as the center, commanded the frontal battlefield of the Yuan Army. The most famous is the Three-way Northern Expedition. Basically, after the Northern Expedition, the Yuan Army was completely lost and unable to fight against the rebels. Mao Gui, the coach of the East Route Army, was one of the greatest and regained Shandong. It was the only one who established political power and laid the foundation in the third-line Northern Expedition. The other two roads failed after the sudden attack. Mao Gui once called Jixian County. I almost let Yuan Shundi go back to his hometown early to herd sheep. This man works in Sesame Plum Company.
Five sesame plums. Zoroastrianism leader Liu Futong captured Xuzhou three months after the uprising. The three factions echoed Liu Futong and Xu Shouhui at a distance, repeatedly defeated the Yuan Army, and formed the first anti-Yuan climax. Haozhou survived under the protection of Sesame Lee Rebels. Danielle has a Zhao Junyong who almost killed Guo Zixing as soon as he arrived in Haozhou. Zhu Yuanzhang's story begins here. Later, Zhao Junyong went to Shandong, and another red eye attack killed Mao Gui, the coach of Shandong Red Army. As a result, the battlefield in Shandong was defeated and the battlefield of the Central Plains Red Scarf Army collapsed.
6 Peng Yingyu. The ancestor of the West Road Red Scarf Army. The red scarf army in the east and west is big. Peng Red Scarf Army's southward activities expanded from Jianghuai to Hunan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian, Sichuan and Guizhou. The most famous generals are Xu Shouhui and Chen Youliang. If it weren't for Zhu Yuanzhang, I'm afraid it would be the West Road Red Army that unified the world.
7 North and South Zobah Red Army. Although the third-class insurgents in Wang Bu are not very important, their geographical position is very important. Xiangyang is the place where Guo Jing heroes have been struggling. The North-South Lock Red Army fought many tug-of-war with the Yuan Army here.
8 Ming Yu Zhen. Because I believe in Zoroastrianism, my surname has changed. He only dares to call his country Ming. Ben was a general of the Red Army in the west. After Chen Youliang usurped the party and seized power, he became independent in Chongqing. In the summer of the founding of the People's Republic of China, Zoroastrianism was taken as the state religion and Sichuan was captured. Liu Bei became the end of Yuan Dynasty. It is the only natural death for the Red Army generals who dominated in the early days. I fought in the Yuan Army in Yunnan all my life. The story of Dali Peacock Gallbladder passing Duan Gong Yi Yang Zhi happened during the war with Comrade Ming Yuzhen.
Timur, Tuotuo, Jia Lu, Anceaux Badulu and Duan Gong were all leading figures in the Yuan Army's fight against the early Red Army. At that time, the Red Scarf Army still belonged to the mob. Often hundreds of thousands of Red Scarf Army were defeated by Yuan Army. If it hadn't been for several miraculous battles, the anti-Yuan army would have been finished.
When the first generation Yuan dies, the second generation Chahan timur and Boluo Auricularia will be even braver. The Red Army in the north was completely destroyed. But at this time, a generation of lean Zhu Yuanzhang's Tiejun appeared. The second-line Red Army gradually matured and became more powerful during the period when the first-line Red Army fought. The downfall of the Yuan Dynasty was not due to Zhu Chongba's greatness. It lies in the struggle course of the frontline Red Army from 1 1 to 23 years 10.
Zhu Yuanzhang and Chen Youliang fought for 24 years, which was the year when the Northern Red Scarf Army was completely annihilated. Liu Futong died, and Zhu Yuanzhang was attacked by the Han army in order to prevent Wang Xiaoming's army from going north. At this time, it stands to reason that the Yuan Army is powerful. After sitting quietly, the tired Wu Jun should be eliminated. Nothing can make Zhu Yuanzhang calmly annex Han and then destroy Zhang Shicheng. But none of the Yuan soldiers appeared.
Why? Yuan Jun is very busy now.
The Shanxi Yuan Army, which defeated Liu Futong's main Red Army, fought against the Shandong Yuan Army, which stuck to Chahan Muir. There was a civil war. Chahan is Zhao Min's father. Barlow's army did not go south to destroy the Red Army, but mostly carried the emperor north to be a vassal. Prince Yuan escaped, and he joined forces with the defeated Luo Army. This war has been going on for 25 years. Kyle Poirot is dead. Is it finally time to conquer the rebels in the south? No, keep fighting. Chahan timur's army, of course, Wang Baobao is a clique, but the main force also includes Li Siqi and other veterans. Don't listen to Wang Baobao's southern expedition. Then the last main force of the Yuan Army went to Shanxi and Shaanxi in the northwest to train. Yuan Shundi incredibly happy will sit quietly.
If the two main forces of the Yuan Army are behind Liu Futong, the main force of the Red Scarf Army. Zhu Chen took advantage of the Red Scarf Army to fight twice, and split his troops south. The strength of the two armies at that time was not enough to fight against the Yuan Army. Zhang Shicheng, Fang Guozhen and so on. It was the new moon, and the swing was almost gone with the wind. Then the Yuan Dynasty will be revived. Unfortunately, history cannot be assumed. Zhu Yuanzhang unified the south during the three years of Yuan Army's campaign.
If you are ranked 9th, 10, it must be Kyle Poirot and Wang Baobao.
The two wonders of the war at the end of Yuan Dynasty, the collapse of Gaoyou Yuan Army in the early stage and the civil war in the later stage, are the same thing after all. The political chaos in the Yuan Dynasty was a struggle between power and interests.