1929- 1933 The world economic crisis is the deepest and most destructive crisis in the history of capitalism. It is rooted in the basic contradiction of capitalist society. The rapid development of American economy in the 1920s also intensified the contradiction between production and marketing, which directly led to the outbreak of the crisis. Under the heavy blow of the crisis, major capitalist countries are looking for their own countermeasures. The United States adopted Roosevelt's New Deal, which greatly eased the crisis. Roosevelt's New Deal initiated a new model of state monopoly capitalism, that is, state intervention in the economy, which opened a new road for the continued development of capitalism. We should understand Roosevelt's New Deal from the following three aspects.

First, the background, purpose, content and characteristics of Roosevelt's New Deal.

Background: ① Facing the severe economic crisis of 1929, the Hoover administration was unable to reverse the economic downturn. People's discontent is rising, and the voice of the whole country for reform is getting stronger and stronger. We hope to have a strong government and adopt effective policies to improve the economic situation quickly. (3) Roosevelt took the "New Deal" as his campaign slogan, won wide support, defeated Hoover and became the 32nd president of the United States.

Goal: Get rid of the economic crisis as soon as possible, realize economic revival and maintain the capitalist system.

Contents: ① In terms of finance, banks are ordered to suspend business for rectification and gradually restore bank credit. The dollar depreciated to stimulate exports. (2) In terms of industry, through the industrial revival law, all industrial enterprises are required to formulate regulations on fair management of their own industries, stipulating the production scale, price level, wage standard, working days, etc. To prevent blind competition from causing overproduction. (3) In agriculture, farmers are encouraged to adjust the production structure, stabilize the prices of agricultural products and improve the agricultural production environment. (4) Social welfare bloodletting, relief of unemployment at the same time, actively promote the "work for relief", do * * * project, increase employment, stimulate consumption and production, and stabilize social order.

Features: ① The government intervenes in the economy in all directions. (2) Avoid the form of nationalization and try to maintain the capitalist free enterprise system. (3) Take some measures that are beneficial to workers and small producers to ease the class contradictions in China.

Second, the evaluation of Roosevelt's New Deal

Evaluation of Roosevelt's New Deal: ① Roosevelt's New Deal began with overcoming the serious economic crisis as its main goal, and then promoted political, economic and social reforms. It is a policy adjustment made on the premise of maintaining the capitalist system, and it is impossible to change the essence of the capitalist system and fundamentally eliminate the capitalist economic crisis. To a certain extent, it eased the serious damage of the economic crisis to the American economy, promoted the recovery of productive forces, eased social contradictions, curbed the fascist forces in the United States, and consolidated capitalist rule. (3) The state's policy of strengthening economic intervention initiated American state monopoly capitalism, which not only became the beginning of modern American state monopoly capitalist economic system, but also had a far-reaching impact on the development of economic policies in many other countries.

Third, the reasons for the success of Roosevelt's New Deal

The reasons for the success of Roosevelt's New Deal are as follows: ① Roosevelt's New Deal is the objective requirement of capitalist development. After a long period of development, capitalism has developed from free competition to monopoly, but it has not fundamentally eliminated the anarchy of production. Contradictions between production and marketing often lead to economic crisis and cause serious damage to capitalist economy. The bourgeoisie tried its best to find a way out of the crisis. The New Deal is the embodiment of this requirement. (2) The American economy is so strong that the Roosevelt administration has the ability to intervene in the economy, such as giving large subsidies to farmers and building large-scale public projects. The democratic tradition formed since the War of Independence has provided a strong political guarantee for the implementation of the New Deal. ④ Learn from the successful experience of the planned economy of the Soviet Union, a socialist country at that time. ⑤ In 1930s, state intervention in the economy and fiscal policy to regulate the economy became a powerful trend of thought in American economics, which provided a theoretical basis for the implementation of the New Deal.

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