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Woodstock Music Festival, the full name of Woodstock Rock Music Festival, is the most famous series of rock music festivals in the world. It was held for the first time in 1969 with the theme of "peace, anti-war, fraternity and equality". The scale and lineup are unprecedented, and this is also a rare music festival, which is advertised as "the combination of music and art". After that, countless music festivals were held mostly to practice Woodstock spirit, actively organize public welfare concerts and express young people's enthusiasm for music.
[Edit this paragraph] Woodstock's history
The emergence of Woodstock was closely related to the background at that time. In the middle and late 1960s, the post-war ideological trend was fierce, and young people had enough opinions but were not taken seriously, and their frustration and sense of avoiding the world suddenly rose. They long for a peaceful and equal world, eliminate the gap between the rich and the poor, and oppose the establishment. Woodstock came into being, and its advanced success restored the confidence of young people and added positive factors to Woodstock spirit.
1969 More than 30 years have passed, leaving two deep memories for mankind (or Americans). At that time, the former Soviet Union was defeated in the Cold War, and a man named Armstrong landed on the moon for the first time in human history, but the place called Woodstock, which was invisible on the moon, was peaceful for three days. A grand music festival was held under the slogan of music. While mankind is cheering for more and more advanced technology, on the other hand, many people are cheering for music. This is a very interesting year. Before Woodstock Music Festival, there were many rock music festivals in the United States, but the mention of football can remind people of the World Cup. When it comes to rock music festivals, people will definitely say Woodstock Music Festival. Why? From 65438 to 0969, there were many social contradictions inside and outside the United States, such as human rights issues and anti-war demonstrations against the Vietnam War, so the American society at that time was very chaotic. In the early 1960s, the rebellious spirit of the younger generation was very weak. Baby boomers born after World War II took part in the so-called "flower movement" and later became hippies. They shout anti-war, love and peace all day, but his real meaning is not to actively participate in society, but to avoid and pursue the negative class of the dream world. Despite this background, four young people planned and held Woodstock Music Festival on August 1969.
The name of the music festival comes from the upcoming place name Woodstock, but in fact, due to the opposition of the local government and residents, the performance was once in a crisis of cancellation. However, a man named Max Jasger who lives nearby provided his own farm, so after many twists and turns, the performance was finally held as scheduled. During the three days of Woodstock Music Festival (18 morning should be counted as four days), Woodstock gathered hundreds of thousands of spectators (actually more than 450,000) to enjoy the performances, and the performances for several consecutive days belonged to their own country and liberated areas. At that time, the government was very dissatisfied with this activity, and the attitude of public opinion was not very good. However, the audience, mainly hippies, did not have any accidents in the bad weather and environment, but enjoyed their own little world. Compared with the recent chaotic Woodstock performance, we can vaguely guess the world view of the audience at that time. Many of the most famous artists took part in the performance at that time.
Jimi hendrix was cheered by the audience for singing music similar to mocking America, and janis joplin's enthusiastic singing left a deep impression on the audience. You can hear crosby, Steels &; The beautiful chorus of Nash and Neil Young, the bold singing of joan baez, the queen of folk songs, and the mellow singing of Fogg, a black man, also sounded at the scene. There are soft and psychedelic songs in the early days of "Grateful Death" that Americans like very much, and the songs of Jefferson's early debut. Melanie couldn't help but say, "With Who", which came specially from England ten years later, became more famous after the performance. After that, the live album sold by 3 LP (2 CDs) felt like Joe Cocker singing the Beatles'' with a little help from my friends'' under the condition of complete self. Breathing with the audience directly reflected the atmosphere of Woodstock Music Festival, and put Mountain, CCR, Canning Fever, Santana, Tiedie and SLY &；; Various styles of rock music, such as "Family Stone", are mixed together. However, just three days after music and peace were put forward, everyone slowly returned to their original lives, which may also be the regret left by Woodstock Music Festival. Although many people thought the performance was boring at that time, it left a mythical memory for that generation and the next generation, probably because the organizer's simple purpose attracted everyone's attention. Without any commercial purpose, it developed in a radical world outlook, so in three days, everyone felt the purest free world of rock and roll.
[Edit this paragraph] The originator of Woodstock Music Festival.
Thirty years ago, the last batch of young people covered in dirt left Marx? Max Yasgur's muddy ranch announced the end of one of the most unusual music festivals in history. At the same time, the debate about its historical significance began. Sincere "believers" call it the peak of an era and think that it has made great contributions to the emancipation of human minds; The "choosers" regard it as a funny ending of an innocent age.
1969 Woodstock Music and Art Fair attracted 450,000 visitors. In four days, they created an independent hippie kingdom on the pasture in Sullivan County. Here, the world of human perception is completely open, drug abuse is legal and sex is free. The music festival officially started at 5: 07 pm on August 15 of that year and lasted until the morning of August 18. It caused the worst traffic jam in the history of New York State, and the highway leading to New York State was forced to close. After that, quite a few states and counties in the United States legislated against holding similar activities again.
Like other historical events, "Woodstock Music Festival" has become synonymous with a certain cultural phenomenon. Just as Watergate implies a crisis of public trust, Waterloo represents a tragic failure, and Woodstock refers to the indulgence and hedonism prevailing in the 1960s. Historian BERT FELDMAN said: "What people experience here is absolutely a once-in-a-lifetime event. It is very complicated and cannot be replicated. As Dickens said, this is the best time and the worst time. "
On the unusual weekend of 1969, there appeared swindlers, lovestruck lovers, prophets and all kinds of speculators. They made love there and made a profit. Together, they created a historical moment that can go down in history. ARNOLD SKOLNICK, the designer of the music festival icon, described it this way: "There was a quick and uneasy knock at the door somewhere in this country, so people heard it from all directions."
The hippie carnival finally cost $2.4 million. Its organizers are four very different young people: john roberts, Joel Rothman, Kauffeld and Steven Lang.
The oldest Roberts was 26 years old and was an investor in this activity. He inherited a drugstore and a toothpaste factory with millions of dollars. He graduated from the University of Pennsylvania and served as a lieutenant. Before that, he had only attended a rock concert by the Beach Boys once. His friend Rothman is the son of a famous dentist in Long Island and graduated from Yale Law Department. 1967, 24-year-old Rothman grew a beard and played the guitar in a laid-back rock band. 1in the winter of 967, two young people shared an apartment and planned how to spend the rest of their lives. They decided to write a long soap opera for a TV station, about the business investment adventures of two simple and rich young people. They will face all kinds of difficulties and finally turn the corner at a critical moment.
In order to enrich the plot, the two decided to play the leading role in real life. So the words appeared in the classified advertisements of some magazines: "Two ambitious young people are looking for interesting investment opportunities and business projects". They received thousands of various responses, among which one novel project attracted their attention-cycling skiing, which was quite popular in Europe at that time, and they made a detailed analysis of it. Slowly, two future soap opera writers unconsciously became venture capitalists and literally became characters in the play.
Kauffeld, 25, always wears a uniform with a big lapel. He works in the famous government building record company, and he has a bad reputation because he often smokes marijuana in the office. His job is to contact big-name rock stars, and he writes his own songs. In the eyes of friends, McClane is an eccentric figure with a black shawl and curly hair. At the age of 23, he owned his first big store in Florida. From 65438 to 0968, he planned the largest Miami pop music festival at that time, attracting 40,000 spectators. Later, he became the manager of a rock band and sought to sign a contract with a record company. At the end of 1968, he found Kauffeld.
The two hit it off at first sight. Soon, Mike Lang moved into Kauffeld's apartment in new york. They talked all night and brewed some ideas. One is to hold a super-large rock concert; The second is to set up a recording studio in Woodstock, a small town 0/00 km away from Manhattan/Kloc. I chose this place because this small town with beautiful scenery, far away from the hubbub, has become a sacred place in the hearts of many artists for nearly a century. In the late 1960s, many rock artists moved here, including the famous Bob Dylan, Band, Tim Harding, van morrison, JIMI· Hendrix and Dzhanis Joplin. The two began to look for investors for their plans. 1In February, 969, they held a meeting with Roberts and Rothman on the recommendation of others. McClane recalled afterwards: "The two men looked at me puzzled. Hippie culture is new to them. Despite this, they are still interested in our plan and asked us to provide a written material, including the budget of all activities and other specific matters. " At their second meeting, they reached an agreement: the scale of the concert was set at100000 audience and the budget was set at $500000. Four collaborators are drinking cocktails and eating toast in a tent set up in the wild. They began to send people to visit rock artists everywhere. They dream of inviting a legend like joan baez to attend. In March, they registered a company called Woodstock Adventure Plan, with each party holding a quarter of the shares. The next priority is to find a suitable venue. To this end, their tentacles spread all over the whole village in central Hudson. In the end, they rented a large open space in Walkiel, Loughran County at the price of 1 ten thousand dollars. On a Sunday in late March, four people drove here to visit Howard, the owner of this land, and they noticed the traces of industrialization of this land. Robert recalled his feelings afterwards: "This place is not ideal, but in any case, we finally found a place."
[Edit this paragraph] Organization of Woodstock Music Festival
Mills' 300-acre open space is extremely convenient for transportation. It is located at the end of 2 1 1, the most important avenue in the town, only one mile away from 17, which is connected with the New York State Expressway, and has laid the necessary water conservancy pipelines and power facilities. It was originally divided into industrial land and was also allowed to hold cultural exhibitions and performances. Although the organizers of the music festival are not satisfied with this place (because it deviates from the purpose of "returning to the countryside" they advocated), they still submitted an application for the event to the local development planning Committee and began to carry out related work, while looking for a more suitable venue.
Rothman told Walker local officials at the end of May that some jazz bands and folk singers would be invited to participate in the event, with an estimated audience of 50,000. Jack Schlosser, the local governor, is skeptical. He recalled afterwards: "I felt that the organizers were deliberately hiding something, such as the number of spectators." With the deepening of contact with them, I found that they didn't understand what they were doing. Fifty thousand people are equivalent to the number of a division in the army, and the corresponding logistics department is also extremely large. So, even if there are 50 thousand priests attending the concert, I will be worried. "
Since the end of April, organizers began to plan to launch a series of image designs related to the event in the mass media to attract public attention. In May, advertisements for this activity began to appear in The New York Times and other magazines. In Confield's mind, setting up a stage, signing a performance contract with a rock band or even selling tickets are not the top priorities. The focus of the concert is to embody an idea and make it an event that can completely record the style of a generation. In the promotional materials of the event, the organizers keenly borrowed the symbols and expressions commonly used by groups representing anti-traditional culture. In the special political and cultural atmosphere at that time, in order to comply with the tendency of contemporary people to demand independence and freedom, McLean initially suggested that the whole event be named "Aquarius Expo", and he also designed a poster with a gorgeous style and a water bottle as the center pattern. Finally, the slogan of the activity was "Three Days of Peace and Music", which replaced the highly conceptual "Aquarius Show". The organizer wants to use "peace" to show the anti-war sentiment in the hearts of young people, and also wants to use this hint to avoid any violent incidents that may occur during the event. Pigeons in logo patterns were originally designed to land on flutes. Designer Skonik lives in Calder Island and paints pigeons every day. When another advertising writer called him and told him the slogan of the activity, he immediately cut out the image of a whole pigeon from the sketch book with a blade. "I liked listening to jazz, so the original design was that the pigeon landed on the flute, but after only one day, I decided to let it land on a guitar."
Woodstock adventurers were in trouble when they tried to sign a performance contract with the most famous rock band at that time. Stars are reluctant to sign a contract with an unheard-of organization for fear that they won't get paid after the performance. In order to solve this problem, the organizer offered a sky-high price that was hard to refuse at that time. First, they signed the Jefferson Airplane, the most famous psychedelic rock band at that time, for $65,438+02,000. The band's appearance fee used to be $5,000 to $6,000. Later, they invited CREEDENCE CLEARWATER RIVIVAL at the price of 1 1500, and invited WHO at the price of 12500, and the latter became simple. "I told them that money is not a problem. They want 5 thousand, and I will give them 10 thousand. " In the end, they spent180 thousand dollars on rock bands and singers.
Rothman and Roberts want to invite the film company to film the whole event. But it was almost unprofitable to make a rock documentary before. A year ago, a documentary about the Montreal pop music festival was a fiasco at the box office, and ordinary filmmakers were reluctant to get involved. They were lucky to meet Vedeler. Vedeler, 27, was a famous photographer and independent film director at that time. Two years ago, he suspended his studies in the medical department of Columbia University and began to spend all his time filming the frequent political and cultural conflicts between the street people in the city and the government. He uses rock music as background music to express the corresponding theme in the film, and uses multimedia to enhance the expressive force of the film. When the organizer of the music festival found him, he was deeply attracted at once and immediately decided to devote himself to it for free.
1969 One day in early May, Mike Lang and his companion Stan Goldstein walked into a local audio equipment store and found the owner Allen Markoff. "They asked me to design audio for a concert with 50,000 audience, and mentioned that the audience might reach100,000 or even150,000." At first, Markov doubted whether the two men were mentally normal. "The concert of100000 audience was incredible at that time, equivalent to 30 million audience now." At that time, 24-year-old Markoff was the only local whose name was listed in the "Society of Sound Engineers". It was from this magazine that McClane found his name and found him. In this way, Markov became the sound design of this concert. He still remembers that in the acoustics he designed, even the lowest volume of the speaker was enough to damage the hearing of any audience within ten steps of the speaker.
Walker's local residents began to come into contact with such words: "hippie"; "drugs"; "Rock Concert", as advertisements for the concert began to appear in major magazines and radio stations, residents learned that there would be a three-day rock concert, which might be the biggest one ever held here. Most members of Woodstock Adventurers dress strangely. In the eyes of local people, long hair and rags are typical images of political leftists and drug addicts, which makes many people worry about the chaos in the world, and they pour this tension on the Mills family. At first, people stopped Mills in the local church and accused him of causing trouble to the local people. In order to prevent the situation from getting worse, the organizer hired WES POMEROY, a former senior assistant of the judicial department, to take charge of security, and the list of on-the-job personnel also included DONALD GANOUNG, a respected priest, whose duty was to handle the relationship between the organization and local residents. But all these efforts failed to save the situation. Mills, the owner of this land, kept receiving anonymous phone calls, and some even threatened to demolish his house. He called the police, but the police could not detain any suspects because of insufficient evidence. Because of the fear of the unknown, the local residents fell into a strange state. Mills is still unwilling to talk about what people in the town did to him in 1969. He said, "I know it's been a long time, but I still don't want to get into trouble."