Teaching is based on the classroom and oriented to students' life. In teaching, teachers should respect students' dominant position, pay attention to cultivating students' interest in the subject, arouse students' consciousness and enthusiasm in learning, and let students know that they are not only the subject of accepting knowledge and developing physically and mentally, but also the subject of independent learning and design. Teachers should help students to establish new learning concepts and understand their learning level and learning ability. And establish a "present" consciousness, that is, the knowledge of this class is completed in class, the knowledge of that day is completed on the same day, and the knowledge of that week is completed in the same week, that is, "enlightened, clear and clear." This is the ideological basis for improving the efficiency of classroom teaching. In teaching, only with this understanding can we have such an effect. Teachers should also help students build up this confidence, reform teaching methods and serve the subject wholeheartedly. Each class is "diligent, concise and concise", which gives students more time for activities.
Interest is the driving force of learning, and confidence is the guarantee of progress. To do a good job in teaching, teachers must stimulate students' interest in learning and establish students' confidence in learning; We should not only do a good job in class, but also make preparations before class, fully understand students' needs, walk into students and be their friends and guides.
Second, take yourself as an example and create great spiritual strength.
"Teachers' personality and emotion are a huge spiritual force with super educational function, which is an important factor affecting students' emotional experience and restricting the psychological atmosphere in the classroom." Because of the exemplary role of teachers' profession, teachers' words and deeds will become the objects of students' imitation. Chernyshevski said: "What kind of person a teacher makes a student become, he should become such a person." This means that teachers must be "role models" who love education, have noble personality, are knowledgeable, are sincere, optimistic, positive and have all the advantages. The students taught by such teachers must also love learning, have high moral character, be willing to learn, and be optimistic and cheerful. On the contrary, a tired and disappointed teacher, his students are often lifeless and listless.
Third, create a good teaching situation with emotional infection.
"More and more brain science research results show that emotions play an important role in human learning. Emotion and cognition are not two opposing processes, but should be understood as two parallel processes. They are linked together in a special way and are the embodiment of the overall function of the brain. " "Emotion plays an important role in one's study. A person's emotional state directly affects the secretion of protein, a brain-related hormone related to emotional responsibilities, and then affects people's study and life. Positive and healthy emotions can effectively stimulate the enthusiasm for learning, and negative emotions will hinder the progress of learning. "
In class, teachers should maintain a good emotional state. Teachers' emotional state will exert a subtle influence on students, causing emotional buzz. As the saying goes, "A good beginning is half the battle." Teachers should learn to seize a few minutes before class, create a good teaching atmosphere with wonderful introduction, step by step, and create the best teaching situation with people with feelings, so as to achieve the best state of learning and communication. In reading, teachers and students are in high spirits and reach an agreement with the author in understanding, communication and emotional harmony. In the process of practice, students actively explore, express their opinions and speak freely. To achieve this state, teachers should infiltrate their emotions into all aspects of teaching and arouse students' voices at all times. In a good situation, teachers should master the teaching rhythm, make teaching activities relaxed and happy, and avoid students' fatigue caused by long-term excitement or inhibition.
Fourth, take interest as charm and form flexible teaching methods.
Whether teachers use teaching methods correctly or not plays a very important role in forming a good and harmonious classroom psychological environment. Teachers should start from students' psychology, adopt various teaching methods, stimulate students' interest in learning, form a strong learning atmosphere, and let students study with positive and happy emotions. Facing the same class type, teachers should seek common ground while reserving differences, and give lectures with full and sincere emotions, so as to make the language vivid, humorous, cadence and stimulate students' interest.
Teaching has the law, but teaching cannot. In teaching, teachers can change teaching methods in time according to the teaching content, and keep students' interest and attention with fresh stimulation. For example, the use of computer-aided instruction (CAI) can enrich the teaching content, create artistic interest and promote the modernization of teaching methods. CAI has vivid and dynamic pictures, powerful musical effects and intelligent inspiration and guidance functions, which make the teaching content lively and infectious, keep students' attention, emotion, interest and other psychological factors in the learning process in good condition, fully develop students' cognitive psychology, make learning easy and enjoyable, and effectively stimulate students' interest in learning.
Five, the team as the organizational system, to carry out exploration and competition.
In learning, students will inevitably be frustrated, and forming teams can encourage each other, overcome weakness and laziness, and achieve common progress. In teaching, teachers can form teams according to the learning situation of students in any class and their academic performance or ability level. Each team should have its own name, slogan, goal, gay interest, study plan, team newspaper, honor book and so on. Teachers should help students build team spirit and culture, and encourage team members to help each other, urge each other and make progress together. Teachers can group students and sit in teams, which is convenient for students to explore, discuss, check and help. Teachers can implement the learning tasks and objectives to the group, and the group leader is responsible. The team leader carries out the implementation inspection of "open and clear, clear day by day, clear week by week", and the teachers conduct spot checks at any time.
With a strong team, teachers should also try their best to stimulate the cohesion and internal drive of the team, so that the team can become a "living" team with vitality, vitality and efficiency. In teaching, teachers can carry out teaching competitions, introduce competitions, and compete in knowledge inquiry and inspection to promote the growth of student teams and improve learning efficiency.
Sixth, pay attention to activities and mobilize students' motivation to participate.
Any subject has not only knowledge value, but also ability value, character value and method value. Among these four basic values, cultivating and developing students' ability is the core value of subject teaching. In the teaching process, we not only give students most of the time to practice and discuss, but also organize students' team activities. Pay attention to students' activities and let them turn passive into active. In teaching, teachers can turn all aspects of the teaching process into the form of student activities, such as changing the pre-class preparation examination into pre-class warm-up and conducting group competitions; Turn text reading into reading contest, situational reading or role performance; Turn text analysis into cooperative inquiry and Mr. Xiao's solution: turn classroom examination into the form of mutual examination, group competition and strike while the iron is hot. Through flexible and diverse activities, let students actively participate in learning, invest in learning with a good attitude, help each other, make progress together, and promote efficient learning.
Seven, based on the principle of motivation, positive psychological suggestion.
Motivation is an important means to stimulate people's motivation and arouse people's enthusiasm. "Educational psychology tells us that teachers can induce students to have internal drive by encouraging education, so that teachers' educational and teaching requirements can be transformed into students' conscious actions, so that students can get lively and positive development." "Research shows that the higher the degree of motivation, the greater the motivation for learning, and it has a long-term positive effect. If students are not motivated or discriminated against, their grades will be difficult to improve. " In teaching, teachers should make full use of the "incentive" formation mechanism, which is an important measure to improve students' performance.
According to the content-based motivation theory, teachers should try their best to meet students' high-level psychological needs, respect students in the teaching process, satisfy students' self-esteem, stimulate students' intrinsic learning motivation, and give students higher opportunities for self-expression and self-realization. If the students answer the questions correctly and wonderfully, the teacher can take the lead in applauding or praising them. When students answer questions inaccurately or even make mistakes, teachers will give them a "higher grade" evaluation, or use the "kicking threshold" effect to provide students with opportunities to ensure that they can answer correctly. The incentive principle tells us that "success is the father of success". Teachers should give students more positive psychological hints, improve their learning enthusiasm, enhance their self-confidence and cultivate their sense of self-improvement.
Eight, using methods to improve the efficiency of classroom learning.
The classroom teaching process is a scientific teaching activity process. Taking the general teaching process as an example, it has gone through several links: preview evaluation, cooperative inquiry, standard feedback, learning summary and extension. This has experienced the process of "learning-application-summary-re-application" of knowledge. However, in the classroom, many teachers can't stimulate students' initiative, let students actively explore and consciously cooperate, so the classroom learning efficiency is not high. In practice, teachers should make the teaching process scientific and rigorous and conform to the learning rules; Actively create a teaching atmosphere, so that the whole process and every link of teaching activities can achieve the best results, so that students can be relaxed and happy, full of energy, actively cooperate, dare to explore, brainstorm and have an active classroom atmosphere.
In short, in teaching practice, we should not only master the process and methods of science teaching, but also master the methods of creating atmosphere, stimulating interest, encouraging hints and scientific learning. Teachers should not only "teach people to fish" and let students find water; More importantly, students should learn to actively develop and utilize water sources and learn to explore cooperatively. Only in this way can we really improve students' learning level and classroom learning efficiency.
Nine, take the problem as the center, train thinking and cultivate self-study ability.
"Modern educational psychology research points out that students' learning process is not only a process of accepting knowledge, but also a process of discovering, analyzing and solving problems. On the one hand, this process is a process of exposing students' problems, difficulties, obstacles and contradictions, on the other hand, it is a process of demonstrating students' intellectual development, forming unique personality and innovative achievements. "Taking the problem as the center is because" doubt "is the beginning of thinking and the foundation of creation." Great doubts and great progress, small doubts and small progress. "In teaching, teachers should train students' thinking and cultivate their ability. We should not only learn to design our own questions, but also try our best to dig out the discovery factors in the teaching materials, "to create a situation that encourages students to actively discover and ask questions, so that students can constantly ask valuable questions." Einstein said, "It is more important to ask a question than to solve it." Teachers should not only solve the problems of teachers' personal design, but also stimulate students' interest in asking questions, so that teaching activities begin and end in asking questions.
In teaching, taking problems as the center aims to train students' thinking ability, cultivate students' self-study level, form good habits of being diligent and good at thinking, and lay a good foundation for future study. Teachers should learn to make a "brick" in order to draw "beautiful jade". Never make your own jewelry, put the cart before the horse.