Welcome to visit. Shrimp has strong adaptability, wide distribution, easy to solve fry, miscellaneous eating habits, fast growth, high economic benefits and poor breeding technology.
Complex and other characteristics. Therefore, at present, no matter what water area and culture mode, shrimp culture is developing rapidly and has a bright prospect.
1. Main biological characteristics of Macrobrachium nipponense
Shrimp is not only fresh water,
Can adapt to water with low salinity,
The water quality should be neutral or alkaline.
During the growing season, I like to move in shallow water.
The potential depth of adaptation is
1- 1.5
rice. The swimming ability of freshwater shrimp is weak. Shrimp has negative phototaxis. Shrimp is an omnivore.
The main food of freshwater shrimp in natural waters is plant debris.
Organic debris,
Followed by filamentous green algae in green algae,
In dinoflagellates and diatoms,
Immobilized algae are mainly shrimps in animal feed. Shrimp will kill each other. Macrobrachium nipponense is hermaphrodite, and the spawning period is in
four
below the moon
Arrive in ten days
nine
At the end of the month, the peak period is
six
、
seven
Month. From hatching to larval growth, the morphological structure of freshwater shrimp will undergo a series of changes.
Pervert. Shrimp will shed its skin all its life.
20
Around time (usually at
4- 1 1
Molting within a month). Shrimp has an average life span.
14- 15
individual
Month, and male shrimp died a little earlier than female shrimp.
Second, cultivate shrimp seedlings in ponds.
1
Pond conditions: the pond for raising seedlings should be small, so
1-2
Mu is suitable and the water depth is deep.
1- 1.2
Rice, slope ratio
1
2.5-3
Mud at the bottom of the pond
10- 15
Centimeter.
2
、
On-site disinfection:
Before stocking
15
It drained the pond,
Mu Yong
75- 150
Kilograms of quicklime to clean the pond,
A week later, the water entered.
80- 100
Cm, and then use tea cakes per mu.
40-50
Sprinkle or bleach the whole pool of kilograms.
15-25
Scold or fight?
/
rice
three
Overflow the whole pool and kill the enemy in the pool.
Pests and pathogens,
5-7
After the test is non-toxic, the parent shrimp can be released. Before stocking, replenish water once and feed water.
80- 100
Plum, unit of length/weight/area
Rice, used for water intake
80
Mesh screen and silk double-layer package filtration to prevent stocked organisms from entering the pond.
three
Cultivation of basic bait: apply it per mu in the pond.
400-600
Kilogram sterilized fermented organic fertilizer is used as base fertilizer,
Addition during fermentation
1-2%
Quick lime disinfection, increase the amount of base fertilizer in newly opened ponds, and reduce it in old ponds as appropriate. After the shrimp hatch, every once in a while.
4-5
Top dressing once a day (
100- 150
Kg), keep the density of palatable plankton in the water body and ensure the freshness of the bait of the shrimp in the seedling stage.
Supply.
four
Selection and cultivation of parent shrimp;
4-9
Month (
6-7
In the peak period of shrimp reproduction), put eggs-free shrimps (male and female shrimps in different places) per mu.
10
Put eggs-holding shrimp in kilograms or acres.
4-5
Kilogram. After the shrimp is released, put some branches, roots or nets in the pond for the parent shrimp.
Habitat.
Parent shrimp should be properly fed with delicious concentrate during breeding,
Include chopped fish,
Clamping net,
Snail meat and wheat bran,
Rice bran,
The daily feeding amount is per mu.
0.5- 1.0
Kilogram. You can also cultivate spawning shrimp in a cage in a pond, and set a cage net in the pond.
0.5
Cm, area
6- 10
rice
2
, clear height
1- 1.2
Rice and aquatic plants are placed in the box.
30-40%
, stocking density is
0.5
kilogram
/
rice
2
Put an incubator in an acre of pond (shrimp with eggs in an acre of pond)
3-5
Kg), and the daily feeding amount (particles) accounts for the weight of the egg-holding shrimp.
3-4%
Keep the water flow inside and outside the box unblocked.
five
Strict water quality management and stable water environment: the water environment is mainly controlled by changing water, topdressing and planting green on the water surface.
Measures, water transparency control
30-40
Centimeter. Water injection is frequent, the water level gradually deepens from shallow to deep, and topdressing depends on the water quality.
2
Water injection: pond cleaning.
four
Tianhou injection
50-70
Centimeter.
three
Application of base fertilizer: fermented organic fertilizer is applied after pool cleaning and before water injection, generally per mu.
200-400
Kg, implement fertilizer and water into the pool.
(4) rearing shrimp seedlings.
1
Double cropping agriculture:
2
Before the end of the month, autumn shrimp varieties (specifications
1000- 1600
tail
/
Kilogram)
10- 15
Kilogram,
6-7
The harvest of Yuegan pond is over; After cleaning the dry pond, put the shrimp on the acre.
3.5-4.5
10,000 tails (or shrimp with eggs)
0.75- 1.0
Kilogram).
2
One-time sowing and annual reproduction (select one):
(
1
) release the shrimps, every time.
5-6
Ten thousand tails, scale
1.5
More than cm, the time should be in
6-7
Month;
(
2
) release shrimp species, per mu.
20-25
Kilogram, scale
1000- 1600
tail
/
Kilogram, the appropriate time is
12-2
Month;
(
three
) stocking shrimps with eggs, and putting shrimps with eggs per mu.
2-3
Kilogram.
three
、
Precautions for stocking: Shrimp fry should be stocked on cloudy or rainy days.
Stocking in sunny mornings and evenings,
To avoid direct sunlight,
Affect the survival rate of stocking. Shrimp seedlings in the same pond should be filled at one time.
four
Fish culture: every acre of shrimp pond is equipped with silver carp species.
40-50
Tail and scales
20-30
tail
/
Kg, should be stocked in shrimp seedlings.
After ...
10- 15
(Mu Tiantian puts silver carp in his old mouth.
30
Tail). Raising silver carp can regulate water quality and make full use of water resources.
Body, increase efficiency; Third, we can also use the feeding habits of silver carp to eat some flea larvae of freshwater shrimp to control the density of freshwater shrimp.
(5) Feed feeding
1
Feed: shrimp pellet feed combined with animal feed (such as snails, mussels, yellow maggots, small miscellaneous fish, etc. ). pellet feed
Crude protein content
35-30%
Animal feed should be crushed.
2
Feeding time: once in the morning, once in the afternoon, in the morning.
8-9
When, in the afternoon
5-6
Time. Take up the daily feed in the morning.
1/3
, below.
Wuzhan
2/3
three
Feeding quantity: according to the weather, water quality, water temperature, shrimp activity and feeding situation, it is flexibly controlled and adjusted in time. sun
The amount of bait is generally controlled in the weight of shrimp.
3-5%
(refers to dry material, fresh material is
10-20%
), generally speaking
1-2
Eat in hours.
In order to check the feeding situation of freshwater shrimp, several food tables were set around the bottom of the shrimp pond for observation.
four
Feeding method: not only feed should be evenly placed in shallow water (aquatic grass area) far away from the pond, but also in
In the net of the pond. Animal feed is the main feed in the morning and shrimp pellet feed is the main feed in the afternoon.
(5) Water quality management
Shrimp requires high water quality and is very sensitive to low dissolved oxygen, and its suffocation point is higher than that of fish. General requirements for transparency
25-30-35
cm；
Patient History
Value remains at
7-8
; Dissolved oxygen in water is
five
milligram (mg)
/
Above l
1
Water level: timely water injection and drainage, and adjust the water level according to the season and temperature. The principle of determining pond water level is shallow water in spring (
60
Plum, unit of length/weight/area
About meters); Late summer (
1.5
m)； Autumn attendance (
80
cm)； Winter insurance (
1.5
m)。
2
Pond oxygenation: In addition to adding fresh water, the start-up time of the aerator should be flexibly controlled according to the weather and shrimp activities, that is, sunny days.
Open at noon, cloudy early in the morning, rainy in the middle of the night. If signs of floating head are found, start the machine as soon as possible and replenish fresh water if necessary.
Or applied chemistry
"
Gan Yang ra.
"
Give first aid.
three
Management of water quality according to weather changes: inject fresh water regularly, in late spring and early summer,
10- 15
Change the water once a day, every time.
1/3
6-8
Change the water once a week and once a month.
1/3-2/3
; When the water quality becomes worse or the weather is sultry, change the water in time to keep the water level.
Relatively stable.
(
1
) every other
15-20
Oh, my God, use quicklime.
20
kilogram
/
The 12th letter of the Greek alphabet.
Rice, spilled a pool.
(
2
) Apply photosynthetic bacteria to improve water quality, and then apply them at the bottom after cleaning the pond.
five
Kilogram, loaded with bait
5%
Proportionally mixing and feeding; The water quality is too fat.
When using the first management department.
5-8
Kilogram, separated
3-5
Tian Muyong
three
Kg spilled a pool.
(
three
) Filter the water quality and topdressing in time, and ferment organic fertilizer for dozens of kilograms per mu or urea once per mu.
2.5
Kg plus perphosphoric acid
calcium (Ca)
five
Kg, a small number of times to master, it is advisable to add water in the morning and sprinkle evenly. Ammonium bicarbonate should not be used.
(6) Daily management
Mainly insist on patrolling the pond every morning and evening, and increase patrolling the pond in the middle of the night in hot weather.
Mainly observe and check the activities of freshwater shrimp,
Molting and
Feeding situation; Water quality; Escape and leakage prevention and enemy biological conditions.
It is forbidden to change water or flush when shrimps molt.
Otherwise it will cause molting.
Shrimp died in large numbers.
(7) Disease control
1
Exfoliation obstacle: in the process of adult shrimp feeding, sometimes there will be a phenomenon that shrimp can't molt for a long time, and the green shrimp that doesn't molt for a long time
The body color is brown and dull, and a large number of protozoa or algae are often attached to the body surface. The shell is hard, the surface is rough and the shell is double.
Feeling. The reason may be malnutrition, environmental degradation and disease infection. Prevention and control methods: improve water quality and sediment; Feed more fresh ones.
Bait and its addition in feed
1.5%
While molting growth hormone, it splashed all over the pool.
10
Scold or fight?
/
rice
three
Tea cake infusion or
20
Scold or fight?
/
rice
three
Quicklime, if there are other diseases, timely symptomatic treatment.
2
Immobilized ciliate solution: Dirty substances are often attached to the body surface, appendages or gills of diseased shrimp, which are white cotton wool-like when observed by naked eyes.
Sick shrimps are slow to move, lose appetite, have difficulty breathing, and even lead to death in severe cases. The main reason is caused by convergence worm, bell worm and tired branch worm.
Caused by adhesion of equal groups. Prevention and treatment: Sprinkle copper sulfate all over the pool.
0.6
Scold or fight?
/
rice
three
Or zinc sulfate
three
Scold or fight?
/
rice
three
Or potassium permanganate.
3-4
Scold or fight?
/
rice
three
. There are also
10- 15
Scold or fight?
/
rice
three
Tea cake immersion liquid splashed all over the pool,
24
Change a lot of water after hours.
three
Black gill disease: the gill of diseased shrimp first turns from red-brown to black, making it difficult to breathe, wasting shrimp, swimming stagnation and death.
The etiology is caused by bacterial and fungal infections, leading to tissue lesions, plus parasites such as shrinking worms in feed.
vice president
Lack can also lead to this disease.
One of the reasons. Prevention and control methods: keep the water quality good; Regular use of oxytetracycline (
1-2
Scold or fight?
/
rice
three
) and furacilin (
1
Scold or fight?
/
rice
three
)
Sprinkle the pool with water;
Found fungal parasitism,
Sprinkle a mixture of four-tenths of salt and four-tenths of baking soda in the whole pool;
Add to summary
Proper amount
vice president
; Feed prawns with norfloxacin, Radix Isatidis, Virulin, etc.
four
Erythrosoma: At the beginning of the disease, the tail stalk of shrimp is red, which gradually spreads to the whole abdomen and finally dies in the head and chest. Most of them occur during sowing,
After eliminating the wild and selecting and catching.
1-3
Days, mostly caused by poor operation, drugs have no obvious curative effect; Prevention should be given priority. When operating, the action is agile,
Work with water, don't pile shrimp, and try not to damage shrimp.
five
, a water body dominated by Microcystis:
8-9
At the peak of shrimp growth, harmful algae, mainly Microcystis, proliferate in large numbers, affecting
The water quality in shrimp ponds has seriously inhibited the normal growth of freshwater shrimp. Integrated control technology:
(
1
) Expose the pond for a few days (
7- 15
God), you need to use it
0.5
kilogram
/
Mu of copper sulfate spilled all over the pool and became extinct.
Harmful algae, mosses, weeds and parasites in the pond are all pathogens.
(
2
During the culture period, harmful algae such as Microcystis are harvested and destroyed by algae preparation (commonly used copper sulfate at present) at the initial stage of production.
This is the key measure of control technology.
It is required that once the water quality is found to be aging,
Microcystis-dominated downwind
"
hydration
"
Phenomenon,
Use sulfur immediately.
Copper acid
0.5
Kilogram plus water
20
Kg diluted and placed in a sprayer,
Facing the newly established
"
spray
"
The surface is directly and locally sprayed,
Usually one hour after the hot summer season.
"
water bloom
"
Discoloration and death.
(
three
) interplanting silver carp properly and regulating algae population.
(
four
)
Be careful with quicklime.
8-9
When the temperature is high in the month, apply a small amount of quicklime.
In order to avoid pool water
Patient History
Too high a value
(
8.8- 10
)
form
"
water bloom
"
(
five
) Fertilize in time to maintain the fertility of the pool water.
(
six
) Regular spraying and oral administration of biological agents.
—
Photosynthetic bacteria.
six
Prohibited drugs: methamidophos, carbofuran, pyrethroid, trichlorfon, etc.
(8) adult shrimp fishing
Timely arrest and listing. According to the characteristics of short maturity cycle of freshwater shrimp, shrimp continue to breed in shrimp ponds.
And the difference of growing individuals is great.
At the same time, technical measures should be taken to release the fish at one time, catch the fish in turn and keep the small ones. Catch and sell shrimps that meet the commodity specifications in time,
So as to reduce the shrimp bearing capacity in the aquaculture waters,
Maintain a reasonable density,
Delaying the spawning of shrimps and preventing them from dying.
The first batch of cultured shrimp,
Should be in
four
Selection and arrest began in June and arrived.
seven
End in mid-June; The second batch of cultured prawns can be obtained from
nine
The selection and arrest began in the first half of the month.
10
It's the end of the month Generally, fishing is selected once every half month, and the fishing interval can be shortened if conditions permit.
Improve fishing techniques. At present, there are many fishing methods for shrimp, so we must adjust measures to local conditions. Its main methods: first, every
Set shrimp cages in mu.
2-4
Just, use a shrimp cage to trap; The second is to trap shrimp at night; The third is to use hand-made nets in aquatic plants and artificial shrimps.
Capture under the nest;
The fourth is shallow trawling;
Fifth, install a sleeve net at the drain at night to open the gate to catch shrimp;
The sixth is the dry pond.
Fishing.
Fourth, the method to control the precocious puberty of shrimp culture
The precocious puberty of freshwater shrimp is an unsolved problem in freshwater shrimp culture. The green shrimp that was propagated in that year, after
45-50
The growth of the sky and body
Extend to
3-4
You can reproduce by holding eggs in centimeters. Macrobrachium nipponense with precocious puberty breeds a large number of young shrimps, which makes the density of Macrobrachium nipponense in aquaculture water increase rapidly.
Several generations of shrimps live in the same pond, and the constantly reproducing young shrimps compete with the adult shrimps for food, oxygen and space, resulting in uneven specifications and commodity rates of green shrimps.
Greatly reduced, affecting the economic benefits of shrimp culture. Main methods to control precocious puberty of freshwater shrimp;
(a) the introduction of natural high-quality seedlings from other places. Its goods are generally large in scale and good in quality.
(2) Choose large-scale parent shrimps from different places for breeding.
Parent shrimps used for breeding require male shrimps to be in
6.5
More than cm, female shrimp
five
Cm above, and choose different places to prevent close relatives.
Reproduction, germplasm degradation. Only when the parent shrimp is big, the next generation can be big.
(3) Cultivate large-scale shrimp species and postpone stocking time.
Shrimp has the habit of breeding in summer and autumn.
6-8
June is the peak of breeding. usually
6-7
Parent shrimps bred in January are all from the previous year.
Overwintering shrimps are big and there are many young shrimps. but
eight
The population bred in that month is the green cultivated by the shrimps that were stocked in that year.
Shrimp, its specifications are very small, only
three
About centimeters. At present, in shrimp culture production, it is all in
seven
Stocking in the same month and cultivating in the same year
Shrimp seedlings,
After a month or so of breeding,
eight
Most shrimps hatch with eggs in September.
This is because shrimp are raised in the same pond.
The root cause of high culture density has seriously affected the growth of freshwater shrimp. Therefore, overcoming the autumn reproduction of freshwater shrimp has become the key to solve the problem.
From a large number of practices, large-scale shrimp species are cultured in special ponds, and the stocking of shrimp species is postponed to
eight
If it is carried out in the middle of the month, shrimp can be overcome well.
The contradiction of excessive proportion.
Specifically,
seven
In May, artificial propagation of freshwater shrimp was carried out,
When the scale of shrimp seedlings reaches
0.8
When cm, it is transferred to shrimp species.
Culture, when shrimp species spend the autumn breeding period in the culture pond, reach the specifications.
2.6-3
Cm, and then stocking, commercial shrimp culture.
(D) improve the stocking mode
1
The release of egg-bearing shrimp is changed to the release of cultured shrimp seedlings;
2
Replace one crop with two shrimps.
(5) Adjusting stocking density
The sexual maturity of freshwater shrimp is closely related to stocking density.
The greater the stocking density,
The earlier sexual maturity.
The stocking density should be reduced appropriately,
Improve the specifications of shrimp. Single support: release
1.5-2.5
Centimeter shrimp, put
3-5
Wan Wei polyculture: mainly edible fish, with green acres.
shrimp
2-3
Wan Wei;
Square wood, mainly focusing on fat, water and fish.
1- 1.5
Wan Wei
Two shrimps:
Put young shrimps in every acre in spring or after last autumn.
1-2
Wan Wei,
Summer should be used as young shrimp per mu.
3-5
Wan Wei
(six) the implementation of shrimp, crab, fish mixed culture.
The methods of polyculture mainly include pond polyculture of freshwater shrimp with fish species, river crab polyculture of freshwater shrimp, eel culture and other waters, etc.
Master clock
Mixed culture of shrimp and fish in crab ponds is a good way to solve the problem of excessive small-scale culture of freshwater shrimp.
(seven) fishing for many years, catch big and stay small.
Fishing method, a variety of fishing gear, has a continuous, year-round and sparse culture density, which promotes the rapid growth of small-sized shrimps and increases the culture quantity.
Grid. Practice has proved that this is another effective method to solve the problem of excessive small and medium-sized shrimps in freshwater shrimp culture.
(8) Raise shrimp as bait.
Famous carnivorous fish such as Siniperca chuatsi, snakehead, Monopterus albus, Pelteobagrus fulvidraco and California bass are the best in the breeding and development of famous new varieties.
Select the object. Shrimp is not only its high-quality animal feed, but also has the habit of breeding in autumn, with many fry and fast growth. Shrimp is used as meat.
An important supporting project for sexual fish and animal bait,
Especially, it is more suitable to feed carnivorous fish with shrimp larvae.
Therefore,
Science and technology college
Shrimp fry (bait shrimp) are cultured in ponds for feeding carnivorous fish.
It is also possible to directly breed freshwater shrimps with eggs in carnivorous fish culture waters.