Psychological counseling refers to the process of using the principles and methods of psychology and pedagogy to give direct or indirect psychological counseling to students' general psychological problems in the process of study and life consciously and purposefully, and to diagnose and correct these psychological obstacles or minor mental diseases.
The head teacher is the forerunner of students' ideological work. Because he faces students' ideological problems directly, he can find students' psychological problems best. In the process of class management, the head teacher directly gives psychological counseling to students, which is convenient for teaching students in accordance with their aptitude and points out the maze, thus correcting the direction of students' progress. As a class teacher, we must strengthen our leading position in psychological consultation, stimulate students' self-education through psychological consultation, and take it as our responsibility to promote students' self-awakening and learn self-psychological care.
First, understand the situation and have a clear aim.
The goal of the class teacher's psychological counseling for students is to maintain and improve students' mental health, cultivate sound personality and good personality quality, and improve students' adaptability to social life. In order to achieve the goal better, we should first have a comprehensive understanding of the psychological phenomena among students. To this end, a psychological and behavioral survey of middle school students was carried out. From studying and getting along with others, what are your bad habits, how to treat the criticism of parents and teachers, your views on communication with the opposite sex, and what is your biggest fear? What is the topic that I talk to my classmates most privately? Twenty-nine and so on. An anonymous questionnaire survey was conducted among students in 12 classes in this school. According to the statistical results, 7 1.3% people lack confidence in entering the ideal school. 7 1.4% are tired of the criticism from parents and teachers, and 49.7% think they have bad habits (such as smoking, surfing the Internet, lying, etc. ), 63.4% people need help mentally. In the column of "most afraid", 72% of the students failed the exam, which was criticized by parents and teachers. There are 3 1.3% students who disapprove of intimate communication with the opposite sex, and 42% students say it will not cause bad influence; 765,438+0.9% talked about learning to be a man in private.
Through investigation and analysis, it can be seen that most students have certain psychological problems. Through the investigation, we have mastered their specific situation in order to carry out specific work in a targeted manner:
1. Introduce students' school performance to parents through parent-teacher conferences and home visits, provide parents with psychological education guidance, help parents understand the psychological characteristics and coping strategies of students of different ages, actively create a social and psychological environment suitable for students' growth, and promote students' physical and mental health development.
2. Provide necessary help to students' psychological problems and help them form good psychological quality. For example, by holding a class meeting with the theme of "Let others envy me", we can cultivate students' psychological character of striving for progress and perseverance in achieving their careers. Through the theme debate contest "How to Respond to the Criticism and Accusations of Parents and Teachers", help students to cultivate their psychological character and perseverance of tolerating setbacks, being generous and flexible. Seize the opportunity to cultivate students' psychological quality, self-control and social ability. In an uncertain form.
3. Fully mobilize the enthusiasm of students for self-education. Only when students consciously become the main body of education, that is, turning foreign requirements into conscious behaviors, can education work have real effects. The premise of self-education is a certain degree of self-awareness. Self-awareness includes self-concept, self-experience, self-concept, self-monitoring and self-evaluation. Self-awareness plays an inestimable role in the development of students' personality. Students' emotion, will, behavior and the characteristics of dealing with interpersonal relationships are all influenced and restricted by self-awareness. Students with high self-awareness generally have a positive self-image, are easy to accept themselves, and achieve self-love, self-esteem, self-confidence and self-esteem, which are the basic conditions and the road to success for students to maintain mental health. To this end, the head teacher should help each student improve their self-awareness, such as posting slogans of "self-respect, self-love, self-improvement and self-confidence" and related banners in the class to create an environment and always alert students. Let students shout out the slogan of "Three Ones"-"I want to do well, I can do well, I will do well", and put forward "Twenty Essentials of Positive Progress" in combination with students' psychological characteristics, and hang it in front of the classroom to create an atmosphere for students to keep up with the joneses, be strict with themselves and enhance their self-awareness. At the same time, we should pay attention to the process of gradual and continuous improvement. It is necessary to point out the shortcomings and deficiencies of students in time, and guide and correct them. Only when students are aware of their own shortcomings and deficiencies will they have the desire to correct and improve. Students should be aware of their potential, catch their bright spots in time, give affirmation and encouragement, and let them have the confidence to forge ahead. In addition to self-supervision, self-command and self-motivation, we should also pay attention to let students plan and prohibit themselves. Let self-awareness be further strengthened.
In the management of education and teaching, students should also be helped to observe themselves calmly from the perspective of the third party, objectively analyze the positive and negative characteristics of their personality, explore their actual needs, adjust their motivation level and face up to their own values. For example, from "Do I have bad habits? What benefits can my existing habits bring me? " Keynote speech discussion. Through this activity, the students received a good education. Those who have no bad habits think that they have further improved, and some have a good understanding, so that they try to correct them. Students should be helped to establish good interpersonal relationships. Good interpersonal relationship is an important factor to promote their mental health. The head teacher should help students to get on well with their close classmates, teachers and parents. It is necessary to guide students to master the skills of active listening, accurately understand the intentions of others, help students form an attitude of learning from others with an open mind and a method of expressing appreciation for the advantages of others, and help students improve their ability to make demands on others and euphemistically express negative opinions. For example, making a keynote speech "Communication and understanding is the key-correctly treating the requirements of parents and teachers". It is required to write a speech carefully before making a speech exchange; Give a keynote speech on "I should learn from them" so that students can learn from each other and make progress together.
4. Correctly guide students to understand the problem of entering a higher school. An important factor that causes students' bad psychological quality such as weariness and depression is the pressure of entering a higher school (whether they can be admitted to an ideal school and choose an ideal major). The reality is that most students are blind and passive. Therefore, the head teacher should help students understand the society, broaden their horizons and make them realize that social needs are multifaceted and multi-level. And meeting social needs is the best realization of self-worth. On this premise, guide students, determine realistic self-expectations and goals, design, realize and exert their potential, so as to achieve satisfactory results.
Second, pay attention to feedback and improve efficiency.
Feedback is an important concept in cybernetics. The head teacher should pay attention to the follow-up feedback of psychological counseling effect. From the head teacher's point of view, it is to constantly convey the information stored in one's mind or life to students, so that these information can act on students and arouse their reactions. From the students' point of view, it is necessary to constantly output the information input by the class teacher in different ways. Let this information be applied to the class teacher again. Students' information output ability reflects the efficiency of the class teacher's psychological counseling. Because of the different psychological qualities of students, there is a certain gap between their knowledge base and potential, so the effect of psychological counseling is different. Some are partial outputs, some are prototype outputs, and some send out new information at the same time. According to the output of students' psychological information, the head teacher should grasp their ideological trends in time, and adjust the contents and methods of psychological counseling flexibly and timely according to the specific characteristics of different students, so as to meet the psychological needs of different students and make them get successful feedback through hard work. Success, for a student, is the highest reward for his progress and can inspire him to make better progress. At the same time, the winner is an excellent role model, and praising him is the most powerful means to motivate other students. In teaching management, students can experience the joy of change and progress and pursue success by selecting "stars of progress" every month. In addition, the feelings of students who are about to leave school (or get a job or enter a higher school)-successful experience, especially their psychological performance and changes in school. Feedback to students in school in the form of letters and seminars. Stimulate students' faith in practice and progress, enhance their desire and confidence in pursuing success, and then produce healthy psychological activities and improve the efficiency of psychological counseling.
Third, emotional communication runs through.
Emotion is people's attitude and experience towards objective things and objects. It is a non-intellectual factor and a powerful spiritual force, which has a wide and profound impact on people's physical and mental aspects. It not only has a wide influence on people's psychological activities, but also plays a very important role in practical activities. As Suhomlinski said, "I am convinced for a thousand times that students' intelligence cannot be fully developed without a poetic expression of emotion and aesthetics." People's cognitive process is always accompanied by emotional process, and the degree of cognition is also related to emotions. To do a good job of psychological counseling for students, we should pay attention to using the lever of "emotion". First of all, the class teacher should strengthen his emotional cultivation, attach importance to and enhance the appeal of his activities, and arouse students' emotions with rich and noble emotions. Secondly, the head teacher should be good at fully expressing his inner feelings, so as to effectively play the role of emotional appeal. Thirdly, make good use of the emotional transfer function to make students' positive feelings for the head teacher transfer to what the teacher said, that is, "kiss his teacher and believe in his way". Only in this way can we get twice the result with half the effort and even achieve unexpected results.
As a class teacher, we should fully realize the important role of good psychological quality in the healthy growth of students, and always focus on how to strengthen the practice of cultivating students' good psychological quality and pay attention to psychological counseling.