According to the trade union regulations and trade union laws promulgated by Guangzhou government and Nanjing national government during the Republic of China, many trade unions have been established in all walks of life, some of which are industrial trade unions and some are professional trade unions. Some grass-roots trade unions and professional trade unions have also organized local federations, such as Shanghai Federation of Trade Unions (193 1) and Shanxi Federation of Trade Unions (1937). The establishment of various trade unions is mostly due to the spontaneous demands of workers, and some of them have complex political backgrounds. However, most trade unions have made positive efforts and made beneficial contributions to safeguarding workers' economic interests, and many trade unions have actively participated in the unified struggle against imperialism and Japan. 1947, the Nanjing government of the Kuomintang initiated the organization of the Federation of Trade Unions of the Republic of China, aiming at organizing forces to step up anti-* * "counter-insurgency" activities, but it was immediately opposed by workers all over the country.

Special mention should be made here to the China Labor Association established by 1935. At first, the association was a labor and cultural organization, but later, its political attitude was divided. One faction accepts the anti-Japanese national united front policy put forward by the China Producer Party, while the other insists on opposing it. 1945 In May, the Kuomintang manipulated the establishment of the China Labor Welfare Association in an attempt to replace the increasingly left-leaning China Labor Association, but failed to achieve its goal. China Labor Association joined the All-China Federation of Trade Unions as a group member in August 1948, and ended on its own in October 1949. /kloc-in the second half of the 20th century, China's modern industry gradually developed. After the conclusion of treaty of shimonoseki in the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, foreign businessmen, led by Japanese businessmen, poured into China to set up industries, and national capitalist industries also developed. On the eve of the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1894, the number of industrial workers was about 654.38+10,000, compared with 600,000 before World War I19, and increased to more than 2 million. In addition, the number of urban handicraft workers and shop assistants exceeds100000. (Note: See Shi Tanjing: Labor Law, Economic Science Press, 1990, pp. 25-26; Xiao and Li Liangzhi: History of China Revolution (Volume I), Hongqi Publishing House, 1983, p. 29. ) With the growth of the proletariat, trade union organizations have mushroomed. The most influential trade union organizations are Guangdong Machine Research Association (1909), All-China Railway Trade Union (19 12), Shanghai Reeling Women Workers' Association (19 12) and Manufacturers' Federation (12). Two-way Friendship Association (19 13), China Coastal Crew Association (19 16), Middle East Railway Union (19 17), etc. (Note: See Chang Kai: Dictionary of Workers' Movement History in China, Labor and Personnel Press, 1990, pp. 79-86, pp. 24 9-266; Shi Tanjing: Labor Law, Economic Science Press, 1990, p. 252. )

In the early years of the Republic of China, the Qing government and Beiyang government took an extremely hostile and strictly forbidden attitude towards the trade union movement. Let's take a brief look at the situation in western developed countries and make a comparison. Britain completed its industrial revolution in the second half of the18th century. At that time, in order to resist excessive exploitation and strive for the minimum working and living conditions, workers went on strike in an alliance and organized mutual aid associations, fraternity associations and other organizations with the budding nature of trade unions. France, Germany, the United States and other countries successively completed the industrial revolution in the first half of the19th century. 18 18 The trade union established by weavers in Glance, Scotland is the earliest trade union organization in the world, and trade unions have also appeared in other industrialized countries. Generally speaking, all countries ban trade unions first, and then severely restrict them after compulsory ban. Later, capitalists had to make some concessions to the constant struggle of workers; At the same time, enlightened capitalists and bourgeois governments gradually realized the beneficial role of trade unions in coordinating labor relations and stabilizing social and economic order, and instead adopted an attitude of allowing trade unions to exist legally. 187 1 the trade union law promulgated by Britain is the first trade union law in the world aimed at protecting the legal status of trade unions. Subsequently, other countries also promulgated trade union laws. /kloc-in the 0/9th century, the closed-door policy of the Qing Dynasty was broken by imperialist foreign guns. In order to achieve the goal of building a strong ship, the Qing government once established some military enterprises, but it took a dismissive resistance attitude to the theory of progressive society. It and the Beiyang warlord government in the early years of the Republic of China were particularly strict with the trade union movement. During this period, the Law on Association and Assembly (1908), Outline of the King's Constitution (1908), Da Qingxin Criminal Law (19 10) and Provisional New Criminal Law (1908) were promulgated. For example, Article 224 of the Provisional New Criminal Law stipulates that "the first accomplice shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than four grades, criminal detention or a fine of not more than 300 yuan, and the rest shall be sentenced to criminal detention or a fine of not more than 300 yuan"; "Gathering people to fight for the purpose of rape, coercion or will" is judged according to the case of the crime of stirring up trouble. According to the Regulations on Public Security Police, it can be prohibited to "seduce and incite" the gathering of workers who think that there are alliances to dismiss, strike, extort remuneration, disturb public order and hinder good customs; Violators shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than five months, or a fine of not less than five yuan but not more than fifty yuan. (Note: See Shi Tanjing: Labor Law, Economic Science Press, 1990, pp. 252-253; Chang Kai, editor-in-chief: A Dictionary of the History of Labor Movement in China, Labor and Personnel Press, 1990, p. 499-5 12. These regulations bound and hindered the development of the trade union movement. The trade union movement in China has developed under complicated and difficult political and social conditions. Dr. Sun Yat-sen, the pioneer of the democratic revolution, took a positive and supportive attitude towards the trade union movement. In June, 5438+092 1, the Guangdong government led by him explicitly abolished the Public Security Police Ordinance and all laws and regulations prohibiting or restricting labor solidarity. 1922 On February 24th, the State Council, the Guangzhou Municipal Government, passed the Regulations on Trade Unions, stipulating that workers over the age of 16 can form trade unions, which are legal persons. This is the beginning of modern trade union legislation in China. Trade Union Act (1925) promulgated by Beijing government, Provisional Regulations on Trade Union Organization (1928) and Trade Union Law (1929) promulgated by Nanjing National Government, and Constitution of the Republic of China during political training (1933 Chang Kai, editor-in-chief: A Dictionary of the History of Labor Movement in China, Labor and Personnel Press, 1990, p. 499-5 12. )

With the growth of the working class in China, the struggle against imperialism and reactionary regime is also constantly strengthened and expanded. For example, according to incomplete statistics, from 1895 to 19 13, * *, 19 16 17,19/kloc-0. With the help of the * * * production team, the Shanghai Machinery Trade Union was established on1920165438+1October 2 1. Soon, a printing union was established in Shanghai; Changxindian Workers' Club was established in Beijing (192 1 May), and several railway workers' clubs were established from north to south. Trade union clubs have also been established in Hunan and Wuhan. (Note: See Xiao and Li Liangzhi: Revolutionary History of China (Volume I), Hongqi Publishing House, 1, 983, pp. 29-30,48. ) China * * * production party was founded, that is, to lead the workers' movement. On August 192 1, 1 1, the China Trade Union Secretariat was established in Shanghai, which was the leading organ of China's * * * production party to openly lead the trade union movement in the early days. 1922 The first national labor conference was held in Guangzhou in May, and a declaration was issued. The putting forward of target slogans, such as striving for eight-hour working hours, strike assistance, overthrowing warlords and overthrowing imperialism, marked the beginning of the great unity of the working class in China and promoted the development of the national strike climax. The main strike struggles that occurred before and after this are: Shanghai Anglo-American Tobacco Factory strike (192 1 the second half of the year), Hong Kong seamen strike (1922 1 to March), Shanghai seamen silk factory workers strike (1922 August) and Anyuan Road Mine strike. 1February, 923, the "27 February" strike of railway workers in Han Jing was even more famous at home and abroad. In this tragedy, 52 workers died, more than 300 people were injured, more than 60 people were arrested and 1000 people were expelled. There were 187 strikes from June 65438 to October 65438 to February 27, 1922. (Noe: Xiao, Li Liangzhi: Revolutionary History of China (Volume I), Hongqi Publishing House, 1983, p. 57. )

1925 the second national labor conference was held in Guangzhou in may, and the all-China Federation of trade unions was formally established. /kloc-during the period of 0/925, events that shocked the world broke out one after another, such as strikes by Japanese cotton mills in Shanghai, Japanese cotton mills in Qingdao, May 30th Movement, Hankou and Shaji tragedies, provincial and port strikes, Anyuan strikes and so on. The third and fourth national labor conferences were held in Guangzhou in May 1926 and in Hankou in June 1927 respectively. 1under the white terror of Chiang Kai-shek's counter-revolutionary coup on April 2, 927, the fifth national labor conference was held in Shanghai in secret on 10, 1929+065438. The trade union movement was once at a low ebb, but the workers' struggle did not stop. There were many strikes in the late 1920s. Strike struggles in the 1930s were more directed against Japanese imperialism, such as the anti-Japanese strike of Japanese cotton mills in Shanghai (1936), the struggle of workers in Beiping to support the July 7th Anti-Japanese War (1937), the national workers' anti-Japanese strike (1937) and the dock workers' anti-Japanese strike in Hong Kong (65438). (Note: Chang Kai, editor-in-chief: A Dictionary of Workers' Movement History in China, Labor and Personnel Press, 1990, pp. 120- 126, 383-393, 157- 162. After the outbreak of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, the All-China Federation of Trade Unions actually ceased to exist.

As can be seen from the above, the trade union movement in China has always been closely linked with the revolutionary struggle of the people in China, and it has flourished under the leadership of the China Production Party. (1) Keep unchanged, and improve the living standards and economic status of members under possible conditions;

(2) To exert influence on the social authority relations in order to realize the interests and purposes of trade unions;

(3) improving the welfare of all those who work for survival, whether they are members of trade unions or not;

(4) Establish a preventive mechanism for employers to use capricious and arbitrary policies, and extend it to the workplace;

(5) In view of threats or accidents caused by market fluctuations, technological changes or management decisions, improve and ensure personal safety as much as possible. (1) Correctly positioning trade union work is the premise of doing trade union work well in the new period;

(2) Constantly improving the incentive mechanism is the basis of doing a good job in trade union work in the new period;

(3) Caring for workers and safeguarding their legitimate rights and interests is a sacred mission entrusted by law to trade unions.

(4) Carrying out the open system of enterprise affairs is a powerful guarantee for trade union work in the new period.

In recent years, with the deepening of the reform and development of the financial system, the Agricultural Development Bank has made a useful attempt in the construction of corporate culture and achieved certain results. Among them, trade union organizations play a very important role in promoting the construction of corporate culture.