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To be a good philosopher, we must first make clear what basic qualities a good philosopher should include.
The basic qualities of an excellent philosopher include: first, a correct understanding of philosophy; Second, basic knowledge;
Third, the ability to analyze and study problems; Fourth, the minimum moral quality; Fifth, inspiration and talent.
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Correctly understand philosophy
If you lack a correct understanding of philosophy, it is decided from the beginning that you can't be an excellent philosopher.
Because, if you don't have a correct understanding of philosophy, it will lead to mistakes in direction and route at the beginning, detours at best and detours at worst.
Can't be a talent. This is the same as being an excellent athlete. If you take the wrong training method from the beginning, if you start
Not only is it difficult to become a talent, but it is also difficult to change in the future.
Philosophy is the principle of the fundamental problem of human beings and the world (the fundamental assumption that has not been rationally reflected)
Sexual reflection activities, the purpose of which is to achieve certainty (clarity and understanding) about truth, goodness and beauty as much as possible.
And there is no doubt). Philosophy loves knowledge. The so-called knowledge is the true belief that has been defended. There is no knowledge without defense or proof.
Knowledge. Philosophical research cultivates a kind of ability to clarify concepts and be good at argumentation (the ability needed in any field), rather than
Pure knowledge accumulation.
The value and function of philosophy: constantly exploring new cognitive fields.
Second, the basic knowledge
How one's knowledge structure directly affects one's basic view of the world and research ability. We were right once.
Criticism of the so-called bourgeois theory of human nature and the idea of liberating two-thirds of the working people in the world are, to some extent,
Degree is a sign of ignorance.
Basic knowledge is divided into two categories. One is the basic knowledge that any philosopher should master, and the other is the directional knowledge.
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Knowledge that any excellent philosopher should possess:
Basic knowledge: logical knowledge and a foreign language (preferably English).
Logical knowledge mainly refers to the knowledge of reasoning rules, including inductive reasoning, deductive reasoning (syllogism, propositional calculus,
Uncomputed) and hypothetical reasoning (reasoning for the best explanation).
A foreign language is an important tool and should be able to reach the level of listening, speaking, reading and writing. This is emphasized because in philosophical research.
In the research field, we still lag behind foreign countries (even including the study of China's philosophy). Second, philosophy and science.
Sample, all for the truth, there should be no national boundaries. Third, because we want to expand the influence of China's culture and philosophy, this is also
Need a foreign language. Finally, the sooner you master a foreign language, the better, the more effective and cost-effective.
General background knowledge: Chinese and foreign philosophical history, scientific history, contemporary western philosophy, aesthetics, Chinese and foreign historical knowledge.
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Directional knowledge (knowledge that should be possessed after determining interest and main attack direction):
western philosophy
History of western philosophy:
Original works of western philosophy, including Plato's dialogue, Descartes' meditation and Baker.
Lai, Locke, Hume and Kant. History of science and historical knowledge.
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Contemporary western philosophy:
History of foreign philosophy, analytical philosophy (including philosophy of language), philosophy of mind, science
Learning philosophy, moral philosophy, political philosophy, aesthetics, history of science. Continental philosophy. Western Marxism. It's cold.
There are: philosophy of mathematics, philosophy of logic, and contemporary western metaphysics. Selected readings of contemporary western original works.
Chinese philosophy
(mainly referring to China's traditional philosophy)
History of China Philosophy, Ancient Chinese, History of Western Philosophy, Contemporary Western Philosophy, Aesthetics, Ethics, China.
Selected readings of original philosophical works.
Value philosophy
Morality:
Contemporary western normative ethics, contemporary western meta-ethics, contemporary western applied ethics.
History of China's philosophy.
Aesthetics:
Contemporary western aesthetics, history of aesthetics, history of Chinese aesthetics, history of China philosophy.
Third, the ability to analyze problems.
Defining advanced philosophical research methods is a way to learn philosophy.
An important aspect of the ability to analyze problems is to distinguish what is related to the problem and what is not. can
It is an extraordinary ability to analyze problems by removing irrelevant factors from the problems currently under consideration. Newton if
If we can't get rid of the irrelevant factors in reality, it is impossible to create the classical laws of mechanics. Ross's theory of initial obligation.
The so-called connection problem can easily mislead our research ability. Connection is very important in generating inspiration, but it is usually great.
Some studies emphasize the ability of analysis and discrimination. So I emphasize that Wen Shizhe should be separated.
The analytical ability also shows that when we eliminate irrelevant factors, the certainty we obtain can be accumulated.
Come on, make sure, this not only lays the foundation for future research, but also forms the basis of your own position and viewpoint.
Foundation. Some graduate students often say that they don't know how to evaluate it, which is related to the insufficient accumulation of certain knowledge.
This analytical ability is cumulative, that is, once a thing is persuaded, it is automatically stored in memory and becomes a new understanding.
Send some. Of course, when new knowledge is acquired, the original understanding can be corrected; Be good at summarizing and proposing new ones that can stand scrutiny.
Concept, because human beings grasp the world by concept, the world we understand is already a world that contains their own concepts.
The world, and the concept of philosophers often goes beyond people's common sense.
Usually pay attention to the following two questions in the study, and it will be beneficial over time:
First, I often ask, what does a concept mean? Such as what is sensory experience? How can you prove it?
Know our knowledge? What is the significance or significance of studying a problem?
Second, pay attention to argumentation and reasoning. That is to say, there must be a sense of proof, a sense of reason, and a sense of reason, including opposing sides.
Give full consideration to opinions.
Fourth, moral quality.
Honesty, integrity, kindness and tenacity.
Honesty means asking for truth and seeking truth from facts. Down to earth. Don't be impetuous, be quick and quick. What to do in the current environment?
There are many difficulties in this, but this is even more commendable. The so-called primitive ability is based on honest character.
Integrity, that is, the minimum conscience, maintains the independence of thought and personality. Slavery is too heavy to think independently, so the most
Most of them are royal literati. You can't study moral issues.
Kindness or kindness, that is, having a broad mind that shows compassion for others and cares about human destiny, is the purpose of reading.
Power. As the saying goes, "decent people, decent people, and villains are always in the same boat." The realm of "forgetting me".
Perseverance, including diligence and strong will, is the guarantee of success. People who can't control themselves are not rational people.
And reason is the first condition for philosophers.
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Verb (abbreviation for verb) inspiration and talent
With the necessary basic knowledge, under normal circumstances, it will automatically produce good philosophical thoughts to become an excellent one.
Show philosophers. Just like learning English pronunciation, you only need to pay attention to the mouth shape, and the pronunciation can be close.
But if you want to be an outstanding philosopher, you need a certain talent, that is, under the same knowledge structure, a
Individuals can only produce general ideas or cannot express them. Another person can generate novel ideas and express himself well.
And arguments. This keenness requires both training and talent.