The Japanese army attacked the fourth war zone in China, and the commander was Zhang Fakui.
The fourth war zone has not fought for more than three years.
Guangxi is Bai Chongxi's territory, and the main force of the garrison is Guangxi's troops. The generals listened to Bai Chongxi's orders, and Bai Chongxi, big or small, was also involved in Guangxi affairs. Therefore, Zhang Fakui, the Guangdong general, wisely adopted the strategy of forbearance and left everything to Bai Chongxi or Chiang Kai-shek to worry about. In addition, after Japanese troops withdrew from Guangxi in 1940, Guangxi was invincible, and Zhang Fakui lived a leisurely life in the fourth war zone.
However, in the summer of 1944, Changsha and Hengyang successively fell. Zhang Fakui thought that Xue Yue would transfer the main force of the ninth war zone to Xiangxi, with Guizhou and Guangxi as the rear areas, so that the fourth war zone was still under the escort of the ninth war zone, and the Japanese army would not threaten Guangxi under his jurisdiction. However, Xue Yue retreated to the southeast of Hunan instead of Xiangxi.
Zhang Fakui suddenly realized that the northern part of Guangxi and the eastern part of Guangxi Daimon Masaru were open, and the Japanese army might rush into Guangxi from Hunan or Guangdong at any time, so he urgently mobilized troops to protect it. Because there was no war for a long time, Zhang Fakui discovered that the fourth war zone, known as the twenty-first division of nine armies, was actually broken up by the Chongqing Military Commission because of the war in Changsha and Hengyang, and the troops that could support the operation added up to less than 100,000. There is no doubt about the outcome of this battle. Gui Jun, with hundreds of backward equipment, is no match for the Japanese No.1 1 1 Army. The ministries of the national army and the Japanese army collapsed instantly.
However, it is incomprehensible that the eleventh army, the main force of the Japanese army, immediately added new recruits to attack the fourth theater in Guangxi just after the bloody battle in Hengyang. The motive and purpose of its continuous operations are ridiculous even in the current military theory.
Japan's behavior originated in 1944 10, when Japan suffered the greatest suffering since the war.
1944 1 At the end of October, in the Battle of Leyte Bay, the Japanese navy was sunk by four aircraft carriers, three battleships, six heavy cruisers, four light cruisers,1/destroyer and1submarine, and other participating ships were also damaged to varying degrees. The Japanese navy also lost more than 500 fighter planes, and 1 10,000 naval officers and soldiers and carrier-based aircraft pilots died.
This is almost the last property of the Japanese navy.
The Japanese base camp finally realized that the war might come to the last moment and began to realize the consequences of Japan's defeat: "Unless Japan can be preserved, Japan will fall into a dead end."
In desperation, the Japanese army used a very special attack method: suicide attack.
Japan's suicide attack team is called "Kamikaze Special Attack Team".
Established in 1944 10, the "kamikaze 7279" special attack team was initiated by Lieutenant General Takijiro Nishi, commander of the First Fleet of the Japanese Navy. Facing the crisis of total rout, on 1 October1day, Jiro Nishi called a meeting of air force pilots and decided to organize a "plane-to-ship" special attack team-to fly a plane carrying 1000 kilograms of high explosives to track the target and mutually assured destruction.
The members of kamikaze attack team are all young people between the ages of eighteen and twenty-five. They can stay with their relatives or women for three months before the mission. Write a suicide note before the attack, and then be locked in the cabin; There is no parachute when taking off, and the landing gear that landed after taking off automatically falls off-as long as you fly into the sky, there is no choice but to dive.
The suicide attack by the Japanese army in the second half of 1944 is of great symbolic significance, because the great Japanese empire at this time really had no choice but to "die".
This can explain why, when the tide is running out, the generals of the Japanese army base camp and the occupying forces in China, although unable to say for sure what benefits they will bring to the collapsed war situation, still stubbornly insist on continuing this large-scale field battle.
On the Pacific battlefield, Japan's "absolute defense circle" has been broken by American troops at sea and on land. On the battlefield in China, the counterattack of the expeditionary force has driven the Japanese out of western Yunnan, and the anti-Japanese armed forces of the * * * production party are launching a counterattack in North China. In order to defend the Japanese mainland, the southwestern islands, Taiwan Province Province and the Philippines, the Japanese base camp decided to "fight against Hunan and Guangxi as scheduled in China, make up for the insecurity of maritime traffic with mainland traffic, and prepare for the United States (mainly air combat)."
The Japanese stubbornly believe that as long as the railway traffic line running through Chinese mainland is opened, a defense line with huge roundabout depth can be established to ensure Japan's security and keep Japan in a free passage and space in the war crisis.
After the Japanese army defeated the fourth war zone and invaded Guangxi, the Guizhou-Guangxi highway was crowded with thousands of refugees.
Due to the rout of the army, the pain of ordinary people is unimaginable:
The final stage of China's southern campaign turned into a crushing defeat, which was really a catastrophe in modern times. Millions of urban residents in almost all Japanese-occupied areas were involved in this rout. Before the Japanese army arrived in Dushan, more than 500,000 people in China struggled for survival on both sides of the steep railway and highway leading to Dushan, and the rest were scattered in the mountains near their hometown. Thousands of people died because of hunger, fatigue, diseases and accidents, which is incalculable.
Refugees fleeing from the war want to board trains or cars, and they are also exploited by officials and officers: officials and officers make it even more cruel. The priority of state property on the railway was transferred to unofficial individuals. Some trains commandeered by the army were used to transport refugees who paid huge fares, but the trains stopped when they drove from the city to the countryside. The army forced the refugees to get off at gunpoint, and then the train returned to the city to pick up another group of refugees who paid high prices. In this way, many families fled until all the money was spent, and finally the whole family jumped into the river or committed suicide by lying on the tracks.
When something happened to China soldiers and civilians who fled to the north of Guangxi, the 23rd Army of the Japanese army transferred from Guangxi to the south. 1 1 On 24th, the main force of the 22nd Division and the independent 23rd Brigade occupied Nanning. Then, the 22nd Division continued southward along the railway line from Nanning to Vietnam, and joined forces with the 2nd1division of the Japanese army from lang son, Vietnam, in Suilu, between Nanning and Zhennanguan, on1February/0/0.
"The summer clothes worn by the Japanese army indicate that they are not within the scope of his supply line, and no one can tell where the Eleventh Army is going to fight." To this end, it is reported that because Chongqing is threatened, the National Government is preparing to move its capital to Xichang-"Some dignitaries of the National Government have fled to India."
However, the eleventh army of the Japanese army stopped after catching up with Dushan.
Dushan, the end of Guizhou-Guangxi Railway.
1February 3, Yokoyama Yong ordered the 3rd and13rd divisions to abandon Dushan and Duyun and evacuate to Guangxi.
Why did the Japanese army stop at the border of Hunan and Guizhou? In addition to the long logistics supply line caused by the rapid advance of troops, the mountains around Dushan and in front of Dushan are the steepest in southern Guizhou. At this time, the US military's offensive in the Pacific battlefield has fully approached Japan, and the strategic policy of the Japanese base camp is no longer how to attack Chongqing, but to save the imminent local crisis. -On a huge scale, the "First World War" planned by the Japanese base camp to get through the Chinese mainland traffic line came to a successful conclusion.
The "Battle No.1" launched by the Japanese army, with more than 500,000 troops, lasted for eight months, repelled the troops of the first, ninth and fourth war zones in China, occupied a large area of China in Henan, Hunan and Guangxi, and captured seven Sino-US joint air bases, including Hengyang, Lingling, Baoqing, Guilin, Liuzhou, Danzhu and Nanning, and opened up the north-south traffic line in Chinese mainland.
But in the face of such a long traffic line, the Japanese army can neither repair nor guard it, so it can't be used. On the vast territory of China, it is impossible for the Japanese army to keep a smooth route steadily. Just producing the anti-Japanese forces behind the party's enemy lines is enough to block or even completely paralyze this traffic line in an instant. The purpose of the Japanese base camp trying to change the traffic barrier of the South Army has not changed because of the siege on the battlefield in China.
Although the Sino-US joint air bases in Hunan and Guangxi have been destroyed, the bases in Sichuan and other places are still in use, Japan is still within the flight radius of the B-29 bomber, and the fear that the Japanese base camp will be attacked at home has not been eliminated. Fundamentally speaking, the large-scale field battle launched by the Japanese invaders has made the Japanese army, which is already in a state of low war, even more embarrassed, its resources more exhausted and its strategic situation more passive.
As for why the troops in the fourth war zone collapsed again and again, it is no longer important. We can get a glimpse from a telegram sent to Chiang Kai-shek by Zhang Fakui, commander of the Fourth Theater. Take the 26th Army's unauthorized retreat without executing orders as an example. The telegram shows that China's army was "spread by the decadent wind and its fighting spirit was betrayed", while the generals were "too strict in the border and too bad in the atmosphere", and they only listened to Bai Chongxi's orders and did not obey the orders of the theater commander-the latter one was obviously telling.
In fact, the real "bad atmosphere" is at the top of the military and political circles.
The speed and scale of China's army's rout on the frontal battlefield, especially its hasty response in operational guidance and strategic design, and its state of saving energy and sitting tight have angered domestic public opinion and allied forces. As far as Guilin-Liuzhou operations are concerned, it is self-evident that the fourth war zone is at a disadvantage in terms of strength and situation, but the phenomenon is still incomprehensible: the Japanese army is advancing from north to south, and the length of the front, the distance from the rear and the depth of the southwest hinterland of China are beyond the scope of general military operations, so that the strength of Henan, Hunan, Hubei, Anhui and other places is extremely weak and quite scattered in the case of the Japanese army's large-scale southward movement.
There is by no means only one war zone on the battlefield in China. When fighting in the fourth war zone in Zhang Fakui, except for the anti-Japanese armed forces of the production party who fought to the death behind the enemy lines, all the troops in the other eight war zones remained on hold.
As long as the Japanese attack is not their own defense zone, no matter how critical the war is, it has nothing to do with them, just as the troops in other war zones are not China's troops and the battlefields in other war zones are not China's. Imagine, if the Japanese army goes south in an all-round way, if the troops in other war zones can attack at the right time, why can the Japanese army March so brazenly? Why did China lose such a large area of land again? Why did the Allies lose the most important air base? Why are the people in Southwest China displaced and suffering from various wars?
1944, among the losses caused by successive defeats on the battlefield in China, one of the serious consequences caused by the low combat capability of China's army and the decline of the credibility of the National Government was ignored by the people of China. This consequence will soon be manifested in an international conference that is related to the fate of China-that is, the Yalta Conference that brought great shame to the people of China and the history of China.
1February 4th, 945 to 1 1 day, Yalta at the southern tip of Limu Peninsula was beautiful. Stalin, Roosevelt, Churchill and their spin doctors, leaders of the Soviet Union, the United States and Britain, secretly gathered here to discuss the post-war European pattern and the war against Japan. Although the war-torn people in this world didn't realize that the nightmare would eventually end in 1945, the politicians who dominated the war process had already decided that 1945 would be a historic year in which the world political structure would change greatly because of the end of the war.
The demise of Germany and Japan is at hand.
The gathering of leaders of the Soviet Union, the United States and Britain is actually a prior agreement on the post-war benefit distribution bargaining. China, as an important party in the war against Japan, was not invited to attend the Yalta Conference. At the Cairo Conference, China was listed as one of the four major countries in the world, because it needed China's vast territory and many lives to support its war against Japan. There is no suspense about the victory of the war now, and China is excluded when discussing the distribution of post-war interests. In the eyes of big countries, China is not qualified to be a "big country" to carve up the interests of the world except suffering, bearing losses and making sacrifices.
The meeting recognized the United States, Britain, France, the Soviet Union and China as permanent members of the United Nations for the first time, and established the principle of unanimity among permanent members on substantive issues. The meeting decided that Germany would be occupied by the Soviet Union, the United States, Britain and France after the war. Germany is not allowed to have an army, and Germany must pay war reparations. The meeting determined that the eastern border of Poland is generally bounded by curzon line (that is, the border between the Soviet Union and Poland is bounded by the Bouguer River), and agreed that Poland will acquire new territories in the east and north. The joint staff of the United States and Britain also determined the final timetable of the war process: the earliest time to defeat Germany was 1 July 9451day, and the latest time was 19451February 3 1 day; The time to defeat Japan was 18 months after defeating Germany.
On the fourth day, the meeting began to discuss the Pacific battlefield.
Because Japan still has a considerable number of troops in China and its mainland, and attacking Japan is the established goal of the United States, in view of the low combat capability of China's army, the United States no longer expects China's army to cooperate with the US military to attack Japan. Therefore, when Roosevelt left Washington for Yalta, Marshall made it clear that to conquer the Japanese army, especially the elite Kwantung Army stationed in the northeast of China, without the Soviet army, the United States would pay the price of hundreds of thousands of casualties. Therefore, the United States must pull the Soviet Union into the camp of fighting against Japan.
The British believe that no matter how the benefits are redistributed, the colonies of the British Empire around the world cannot be lost. However, on this issue, the British are constrained by the Americans. Americans believe that they "exploit the resources of India, Myanmar and Java and take away the wealth of these countries, but never return them anything, such as education, decent living standards, minimum medical care, etc." This "denies the value of providing some kind of organizational structure for peace before it begins."
Roosevelt said: "Colony means war" and suggested that the colony should be temporarily entrusted to the United Nations. Churchill was extremely angry and said that Roosevelt was disintegrating the British Empire: "Under any circumstances, I will not agree to let forty or fifty countries get their hands on the survival of the British Empire! As long as I am still the prime minister, I will never hand over the hereditary property of Britain, not at all! " At the same time, the British reminded Americans to be extremely vigilant against the excessive interests that the Soviet Union may put forward. These demands will not only involve the ownership of several islands between the Soviet Union and Japan, but also make it more troublesome for the Soviet Union to reach out to the territory of China. Since modern times, Russia's snooping and seizing of China's territory has attracted the world's attention. This will arouse China's dissatisfaction and trigger new international disputes.
The attitude of the Soviets is simple and clear: if the Soviet Union's special rights and interests towards Japan, Mongolia, the Korean Peninsula and China are not satisfied, even if the United States bleeds in the process of finally solving Japan, it will be difficult for the Soviet Union to declare war on Japan openly. The population of the Soviet Union is not huge, and there were more than 20 million casualties in the war with Germany. There is no dispute between the Soviet Union and Japan in this war. If we go to war with Japan, we must have reasonable reasons for the Soviet people.
Roosevelt led the topic around a circle, saying that Washington's aides thought that if B-29 bombers were used to bomb Japan intensively, the US military might bring Japan to its knees without landing in Japan. Stalin immediately interrupted him and put forward a straightforward question: If the Soviet Union wants to declare war on Japan, it may as well say so, but it must explain what the exchange conditions are.
Then, Roosevelt and Stalin discussed the preconditions for the Soviet Union to fight against Japan: the independence of outer Mongolia from China; China land that Russia must occupy-Sheye Island, Thousand Islands, Lushun and Dalian Port in China; The Soviet Union must regain control of the railway in the northeast of China, and at the same time guarantee the various rights and interests of the Soviet Union in the northeast of China.
Roosevelt said that there was no problem for the Soviet Union to acquire Sakhalin Island and Kuril Islands. As for maintaining an ice-free port in the Far East, can we lease Dalian Port from China or turn Dalian Port in China into an international free port? Stalin was noncommittal about this idea, but once again stressed the need to control the railway in northeast China. Roosevelt thought this requirement was not too much, and suggested that China lease the right to operate the Northeast Railway to the Soviet Union, or set up a Sino-Soviet joint committee to manage it.
The above-mentioned transaction between Roosevelt and Stalin was discussed behind Churchill. When the British got the draft agreement, Foreign Secretary Eden immediately said that the behind-the-scenes deal between Roosevelt and Stalin was a "disgraceful by-product of the meeting". However, Churchill did not protest. -Britain does not intend to participate in the final bloody war against Japan. Besides, what does Stalin want from China, not Britain?
Roosevelt said that it was necessary to inform Chiang Kai-shek about the China issue, but at the same time hinted that if China personnel knew first, something would definitely happen. One of the troubles in dealing with China people is that no matter what you say to them, they will broadcast it to the whole world in less than 24 hours. So don't disclose the part about China for the time being. " In this regard, Stalin's attitude is: "There is no need to talk to China for the time being."
"The Soviets are equal to accepting bribes to do what they really want to do. Once Germany was defeated, the Soviet Union besieged Japan without taking any risks at all, and without much blood and materials. " Stalin finally made a concession: Dalian in China can become a free port under the control of the international community, but Lushun must be under the control of a Soviet country, because the Soviet Union wants to use it as a naval base in the Far East.
The Yalta meeting is over.
The information of the Yalta Conference soon reached Tokyo, which was undoubtedly a bolt from the blue for the Japanese: it is expected that the Soviet Union will be bound by the Japan-Soviet neutrality treaty and will not declare war on Japan in the Far East. Now, as it turns out, the Russians will never forget the defeat of the Russo-Japanese War in 1904. They will not only avenge themselves, but also regain all their lost rights and interests. Then once the Soviet Union goes to war with Japan, Japan will be under the attack of China, the United States and the Soviet Union. Not to mention the exhausted war resources, destroyed weapons and equipment, and the shortage of troops that can no longer be replenished, it is already an unanswerable question.
In view of the imagination of approaching despair, the Japanese base camp fell into extreme helplessness: 1945, the US military will land in Japan without scruple; Soviet tanks and cavalry will rush into East Asia, including Chinese mainland and the Korean Peninsula; After receiving more and more military assistance from the Allies, China will inevitably launch a large-scale counterattack against the Japanese army-"Especially the activities of Yan 'an in the occupied areas will be intensified. "In this way, the Japanese army will lose all the areas occupied by China at great cost, including Manchukuo in the northeast of China, and all the remaining military forces will only be able to return to the mainland to fight for Japan. In that case, the dream of modern imperial Japan to expand its territory will be dashed, and Japan will maintain a tense, crowded and barren life on a narrow island as before.
The Japanese base camp, which knew that the end was near, re-formulated the war guidance plan, and its core content was local decisive battle.
The slogan of the decisive battle is: 100 million jade!
After the secret meeting in Yalta, Chiang Kai-shek got the news. Chiang Kai-shek was worried. He said to Song Ziwen: Their goal is not China! Song Ziwen immediately informed China's ambassadors to Britain, the United States and the Soviet Union: immediately find out whether the Yalta Agreement has a part of China, and if so, what is it. On the second day after the news was sent out, the ambassadors of the three countries replied almost at the same time: the Yalta agreement contained contents related to China, but Britain, the United States and the Soviet Union refused to disclose the specific contents related to China.
Chiang Kai-shek's fears came true, and the Big Three helped him make a traitorous treaty without his knowledge. All he has to do is sign.
A few months later, the US government asked US Ambassador to China Hurley to inform China of the contents of the Yalta Agreement. And strongly told: "According to Marshal Stalin's suggestion, President Roosevelt took action and got the consent of the generalissimo."
Angry Chiang Kai-shek told Hurley that the Treaty of Yalta was a copy of the Treaty of Versailles, and the powers shamelessly carved up China again. The territorial, sovereignty and administrative integrity of China must be ensured.
Privately, Chiang Kai-shek hated it: China's territory needed "American friends" and "Britain and Russia agreed", which was a national shame. -"The country is not self-reliant, the people are not self-reliant, and the universe is big, where can our nation live!"
A few months later, without informing the National Government, the Soviet Union sent troops to the Northeast and wiped out the Japanese Kwantung Army. And refused to quit. Then Chen Bing went to Shanhaiguan and pretended that he wanted to occupy the Northeast completely. Its purpose is well known: forcing Chiang Kai-shek to sign a treaty.
In addition to the inherent logic of hegemony and expansion, the original reason why the Soviet Union demanded power was that the United States, which could not independently complete the final blow against Japan, had to pull the Soviet Union into the war against Japan. China and the United States are allies in the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression of China, but the battlefield performance of China's army makes it impossible for the United States to regard China's army as an ally that can fight side by side.
China has experienced a hard war of resistance and is about to win. Not only can it not guarantee or even get the due benefits of the victorious country, but it has become the object of its rights and interests being invaded, which is undoubtedly a shame that China people cannot tolerate.
Truman, the new president of the United States, called Chiang Kai-shek: "If the China administration still refuses to sign the Yalta Treaty, then you will not have a treaty to balance the Soviet Union, and the Soviet Union will occupy the whole Northeast." -"If the China administration goes its own way again, then the US government will no longer be responsible for the China part of the Yalta Treaty." -"In view of the China administration's disobedience to the resolutions of its allies, the United States is considering whether to cut off all aid to China."
In the end, it can't stand the military intimidation of the Soviet Union and the diplomatic blackmail of Britain and the United States. Chiang Kai-shek secretly signed the treaty, and his self-deprecating statement was: "Don't ask right or wrong, seek survival first." Chiang Kai-shek's signature turned the National Government into a complete traitorous regime. This has also become a mountain that crushed the Republic of China.