After Pingdong moved to the east, the land in the west was owned by the State of Qin. It annexed some surrounding Rong tribes or countries and became a western power. Jin State in Shanxi, Qi State and Lu State in Shandong, Chu State in Hubei, Yan State in Beijing and northern Hebei, and Wu State and Yue State, which later rose in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, all became powerful and became big countries after annexing some small countries around them. As a result, a fierce scene of great power hegemony began.
The Spring and Autumn Period, referred to as the Spring and Autumn Period for short, was from 770 to 476 years ago (conversely, from 770 to 403 years ago), belonging to the Eastern Zhou Dynasty. During the Spring and Autumn Period, Zhou Wang's influence weakened, and the princes fought with each other. Qi Huangong, Jin Wengong, Song Xianggong, Qin Mugong and Chu Zhuangwang successively dominated, and were called "the five tyrants in the Spring and Autumn Period". (Qi Huangong, Jin Wengong, Chu Zhuangwang, He Lv, Gou Jian, King of Yue). The Spring and Autumn Period was followed by the Warring States Period.
Chunqiu was named after Confucius revised Chunqiu. This book records the history from the year of Luyin (722 BC) to the fourteenth year of Lu Aigong (48 BC1year). For convenience, modern scholars generally call the first year (770 BC) the founding of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty to the forty-third year (477 BC) the "Spring and Autumn Period".
According to historical records, in the Spring and Autumn Period of 242 years, 43 monarchs were killed by vassal states or enemy countries, 52 vassal states were destroyed, there were more than 480 wars, and vassals were hired and allied for more than 450 times. In 685 years before the reign, Qi Huangong of Qi succeeded to the throne, taking Guan Zhong as the phase, carried out political reform, abolished the mineral field system, determined taxes according to the fertility of the land, set up salt and iron officials to cast money, increased fiscal revenue, incorporated soldiers into agriculture, and merged grass-roots administrative organizations with military organizations into one, thus increasing the source of soldiers and fighting capacity, and quickly became the most prosperous country in China. Then he played the slogan of "respecting the king and resisting foreigners" and held the princes hostage for many times to help or interfere with other countries and fight against barbarians. In the twenty-first year of King Hui of Zhou (656 BC), Qi Huangong led the allied forces of eight vassal states to the border with Chen Bing's "barbarian" Chu, asking why Chu did not pay tribute to the Zhou royal family, forcing Chu to sign the League of Summoning Mausoleum, becoming the first of the five tyrants in the Spring and Autumn Period. Since then, Qi Huangong has established an alliance hegemony system. The Battle of Song and Chu See the Battle of Song and Chu.
After Qi Huangong's death, Wuzi seized power and civil strife broke out in Qi. It is said that Qi Huangong's five sons fought each other, and the arrow hit Qi Huangong's body, and no one cared. Chu in the south rose and became king. After destroying several small countries in the north, they pointed the finger at the Central Plains. Song Xianggong tried to follow Qi Huangong's example, in the name of resisting Chu's attack, and once again called the governors to dominate the country, but the strength and prestige of the Song State were insufficient. In the 15th year of Song Xianggong (638 BC), the two armies of Song and Chu fought in a flood. When the Chu army crossed the river, Sima Yuzi of the Song Dynasty suggested that Song Xianggong should "kill halfway". Song Xianggong said that attacking while the enemy was crossing the river refused the suggestion on the grounds of unkindness and injustice. After the Chu army crossed the river, Yu Zi suggested attacking while the Chu army was in chaos. Song Xianggong refused again on the grounds of unkindness and injustice. After Chu Jun attacked, Song Jun was defeated, and Song Xianggong was shot in the thigh, and died of injury the following year. Jin Wengong's alliance of practicing soil is in the northern state of Jin, which is the same clan as Zhou Shi. During the Jin Xiangong period, the State of Jin expanded in all directions, and its territory and national strength were greatly enhanced. However, the public's dedication and love for discipline, abandoning their posts and promoting young people, led to the confusion of the national government. In 636 BC, Zhong Er, the son of Jin Xiangong, succeeded to the throne under the escort of an army. He reformed politics, developed economy, reorganized the army, won the trust of the people, stabilized the royal family, was friendly to Qin (a good friend of Qin Jin) and had a high prestige among the governors. In the twentieth year of King Xiang of Zhou (633 BC), the Chu army surrounded Shangqiu, the capital of the Song State. At the beginning of the following year, Jin Wengong led the troops to save the Song Dynasty, defeated the Chu army in the battle of Chengpu, and then joined forces with Jiantu to become the overlord of the Central Plains. Qin Mugong overlooks Xirong. Qin overlooks Xirong. See Synonyms at overlooking Xirong.
After Jin Wengong's death, the alliance disintegrated and wanted to develop eastward, which was blocked by Jin. In the Battle of Cuisine (627 BC), Qin Jun was completely annihilated and General Meng was captured. The following year, he was defeated again in the battle of Peng Ya. Although he won in the future, he could not challenge Kim Jae Jung's original position, but turned to the west, annexed some Rongdi tribes and occupied a vast area of Xirong. The king of Chu won the title of Chu. After the Chengpu War, it developed eastward and destroyed many small countries, from Yunnan in the south to the Yellow River in the north. Chu Zhuangwang reformed its internal affairs, put down riots, enabled sage Sun Shuai to build water conservancy projects, and reformed its military system, making its national strength stronger. After conquering Lu Hunrong, he went to the suburbs of Zhou and asked the envoy of Wang about the size of Jiuding, a national treasure symbolizing state power, in order to destroy Zhou's self-reliance. This is the source of the word "winning the championship". In the tenth year of King Ding Zhou (597 BC), Chu and Jin fought in Thailand (the Battle of Thailand) and defeated Jin. In 594, Chu surrounded Song Dynasty, and Song Dynasty rushed to Jin, which was beyond saving. Song Sui made peace with Chu and respected Chu. At this time, except Jin, Qi and Lu, all countries in the Central Plains were regarded as hegemons. Chu Jin War and Amateur League. See Synonyms at Chu Jin War for hegemony and Amateur League.
The continuous war between the two great powers in Chu Jin has brought great disasters to the people, and also aroused the boredom of small and medium-sized countries. In addition, the two big countries in Chu Jin are evenly matched, and neither can eat the other. So initiated by the State of Song, the first "Bing Bing" alliance was held in the seventh year of Jian Zhou (579 BC) for Huayuan. But soon after, the alliance broke down. Two large-scale battles broke out again between Chu Jin and China (the battle of Yanling in 576 and the battle of Qiansakan in 557). Although both of them ended in the victory of the State of Jin, Chu was still evenly matched with the State of Jin in the Central Plains, and many small countries in the Central Plains were affected and weakened. In the 26th year of Zhou Lingwang (546 BC), due to the influence of geopolitics, the State of Song once again intervened and invited Chu Jin and the vassal states to hold the second "garrison" alliance. Since then, wars have been greatly reduced. It was called "Xu Xiang" in history. Wuyue dominates the southeast. See also: wuyue strives for hegemony, Wu perishes.
The hegemony of the former governors came to an end, and wuyue, located in Jiangsu and Zhejiang, began to develop. He Lv, the prince of Wu, reused Sun Wu, Wu Zixu and others. In the 14th year of the Zhou Dynasty (506 BC), the king of Wu took Wu Zixu as the general and unified his army to attack Chu. Wu Jun attacked Chu Du Ying, and Wu Zixu avenged his father and brother, dug the tomb of King Chu Ping, and flogged 300 corpses. In the 24th year of Zhou Dynasty (496 BC), Wu Jun went south to attack Vietnam. Gou Jian, the king of Yue, led troops to fight. The doctor of Yue hit He Lv, and He Lv died of serious injuries. In the 26th year of the week (494 BC), Fu Cha, the king of Wu, took revenge and defeated Yue. Gou Jian made peace, bribed Wu, gave him treasures and beauty stones, and led his horse to Fu Cha. The prince of Wu rejected Wu Zixu's proposal to unite with Qi to destroy Yue, accepted Yue's peace, turned to the north, defeated Qi, and became a bully. Gou Jian, who lived together for ten years and studied Buddhist scriptures for ten years, finally wiped out the state of Wu for three years (in the first 473 years), and Fu Cha committed suicide in humiliation. Gou Jian went north and joined forces with Qi Jin in Xu, becoming the last overlord. When he returned to Jin and ascended the throne, many followers followed him back to China. As a result, these people gradually became hereditary aristocrats in the state of Jin, and the state affairs of the state of Jin also fell into the hands of these aristocrats (literati). In the first 455 years, there were only four nobles in the state of Jin: Zhi, Zhao, Han and Wei. Zhishi sent troops to attack Zhao and threatened Wei Han to send troops. After the war lasted for two years, Zhao lobbied the Wei and Han families to mutiny, destroy the Zhi family, carve up the Zhi land, and control the state affairs of Jin, which was known as the division of Jin among the three ethnic groups. When it comes to gold, there are only yujiang county and Quwo. In the first 403 years, Zhou Weilie established the three kings of Korea, Zhao and Wei, which was the dividing point of the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period in Zi Tongzhi Jian.
In the middle and late Spring and Autumn Period, with the construction of water conservancy, the use of ironware and the popularization of Niu Geng, the economy of vassal states developed and the political situation changed. The influence of high officials in vassal states gradually expanded, such as Sanhuan in Lu, Shi Tian in Qi and Liu Qing in Jin. They use their own economic strength to control and carve up public offices and fight with each other to expand their territory. In the end, the six Qing countries of Jin fought, leaving only Han, Wei and Zhao. In the twenty-third year of Zhou Weilie (403 BC), the King of Zhou officially recognized the three clans as princes. In the 11th year of King Zhou An (before 39 1), Tian Min abolished Qi Kanggong and became a king on his own, which was also recognized by King Zhou An.
The victory of Sanjin and Tian revealed the cruel political law of survival of the strong and elimination of the weak. Therefore, from the beginning of political reform, countries rushed to carry out political reform movements aimed at rich countries. The core of the reform is to fix workers on the land to increase the state's tax revenue. With the deepening of social civilization, the rulers' greed for material enjoyment has expanded rapidly. The most direct way to increase exploitation is to plunder more land, and the most convenient way to plunder land is war.
Therefore, wars were frequent during this period. According to statistics, there were 230 wars in the 255 years from the first year of Zhou Yuanwang (475 BC) to the twenty-sixth year of Qin (2265438 BC+0 BC). When the war broke out, both sides dispatched tens of thousands to hundreds of thousands of people at every turn. At the end of the Western Han Dynasty, Liu Xiang compiled all kinds of historical materials into a book called The Warring States Policy. Since then, this historical stage has been called the Warring States Period. Formed a situation in which the top seven coexist. See: The three clans are divided into Jin, and the Tian family is replaced by Qi.
During the Warring States period, the vassals were divided and scuffled with each other, and the international community was very unstable. In the early Warring States period, there were more than a dozen countries in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, among which Qi, Jin and Chu were the strongest countries, occupying four parts of the world.
Later, there was civil strife in the state of Jin, and the "six clean-ups", which were mainly composed of, Bank of China, Korea, Zhao and Wei, merged with each other. After the fall of China Bank in succession, in 455 AD, the joint Han and Wei led by Zhi attacked Zhao, surrounded Jinyang, and decided to fill the city with Fenshui. Han and Wei suddenly joined forces with Zhao, which wiped out the Zhi family in the first 453 years and carved up all the land of the Zhi family. Soon, the three clans also carved up the land and people in the Jin Dynasty except Quwo (now wenxi county, Shanxi) and Jiangzhou (now southeast of Yicheng, Shanxi). At this time, the monarch of the state of Jin fell below three and bowed down to meet the three doctors (the three were divided into Jin). Sun Tianheng, the fifth generation of Tian family of Qi Guoqing, defected to Chen Wan, joined hands with Bao family, destroyed Luan and Senior Two, who were authoritarian at that time, and usurped the state power of Qi (Tian Dynasty Qi in 386 BC). Later, with the rise of Yan State and the revival of Qin State, other small countries were gradually annexed or became vassal states. By the middle of the Warring States period, the remaining seven great powers, namely Qin, Chu, Han, Zhao, Wei, Qi and Yan, were called the Seven Heroes of the Warring States Period.
Small countries also include Eastern Zhou, Song, Wei, Zhongshan, Shandong, Teng, Zou and Fei. By the end of the Warring States period, except Wei, which was a vassal state of Qin, all of them were annexed by the seven countries. There are many ethnic minorities adjacent to the Seven Chivalrs, including Hu Lin, Loufan, Donghu, Xiongnu and Yiqu in the north and northwest, and Bashu, Fujian and Vietnam in the south. After the reunification of Qin, through the war of annexation and spontaneous economic and cultural exchanges and migration, most of these ethnic minorities merged with the Central Plains, some maintained their original national features, and some, such as Xiongnu, formed opposition with the Central Plains. Political reforms in various countries in the early Warring States Period. See Li Kui's reform and Wuqi's reform.
During the Warring States period, ironware began to appear and be used, replacing stone tools and working hand in hand with bronzes. The prosperity of commerce promoted the development of money, while the Jingtian system in the Spring and Autumn Period was abolished. With the further development of agriculture, the population of all countries has increased. The production level of iron smelting, copper casting, lacquerware and silk weaving in handicraft industry has been significantly improved, and the commercial trade between countries has been vigorously developed. The contradiction between population and resources has intensified. During the Spring and Autumn Period, the war of annexation of land by vassal states for the survival space replaced political hegemony.
These developments have also changed the social structure. The hereditary hierarchy was disintegrated, and some former nobles lost their position, while others at that time became rich through business or other opportunities, and even became pivotal figures in political groups. The bureaucracy has changed.
In order to cope with these changes, countries have adopted different reform measures. Wei was the first person to start the reform. In the first 445 years after Wei Wenhou succeeded to the throne, he studied under Confucius such as Xia Zi, Tian Zifang and Duan Ganmu, and recruited talents. Later, Wei,,, Wuqi, Ximen Bao and others were employed to carry out reforms in the political, military and economic fields.
Li Kui, one of the representatives of Legalism, was appointed as Xiangbang by Hou Wen, and was a key figure in Hou Wen and Wuhou's political reform. Drawing on the advantages of other countries' written laws, he compiled the Classic of Law, which is divided into six chapters: theft law, thief law, prison law, arrest law, miscellaneous law and equipment law. He advocated "doing according to one's ability" and asked farmers to work hard and improve their enthusiasm for production in order to increase national income. The "equalization law" is another important economic policy of his. In good years, the government collects a certain amount of surplus grain from farmers. In bad years, it can export surplus grain at a fair price to ensure the stability of grain prices. These measures prevented farmers from bankruptcy and migration, maintained social stability, and made Wei embark on the road of enriching the people.
About 409 years ago, Zhao Liehou used Xiangbang Gong Zhong Company to carry out reforms and taught Confucianism as a political and financial user. In the first 382 years, King Mourn of Chu used Wuqi to carry out the Wuqi reform of "damaging its surplus and succeeding its deficiency". In the second year, King Chu mourned the death, and Wuqi was shot dead by Chu nobles. About 360 years ago, the State of Qi began to reform with Zou Ji's "obeying the law and supervising traitors", which greatly increased its national strength and clashed with the State of Wei. The State of Qi took Sun Bin as its strategist and successively launched the Battle of Guiling (354 BC) and the Battle of Maling (342 BC), defeating the State of Wei. South Korea carried out early reforms, but they were not thorough, which caused some confusion. 35 1 year ago, Han Zhaohou began to reform the country by sinking into the sea. In 356 and 350 years before Shang Yang's political reform, Qin Xiaogong appointed Shang Yang twice to carry out political reform, which was called Shang Yang's political reform in history. This reform made full use of the cultural value tradition of Qin, trying to replace the hereditary patriarchal clan system with a just rule of law, and injecting the value concept of paying attention to public morality into the ideological system, so that Qin was ahead of the eastern vassal countries in thought and system, so that talents from eastern countries could play freely on the stage and enter Qin one after another. Without exception, all countries that attach great importance to private morality and Confucian patriarchal ethics cannot achieve real change and decay in fierce competition, which is also the ultimate winner of the free competition of values and ideology in the pre-Qin period. However, due to the rapid annexation of the country, the backward patriarchal ideology gradually eroded the ideological achievements of this reform, and the victory of Confucianism completely dispelled the more modern philosophical tradition. In the first 344 years, Wei Huiwang called the Okanagan Valley Conference, led his ministers to appear before the King of Zhou, and became king first.
Foreigners in the border areas of the Central Plains are also closely related to the development of the Central Plains. The threat of nomadic people such as Xiongnu, Donghu Lake, Hu Lin and Loufan led to the construction of the Great Wall in the Warring States, and the Great Wall in Wan Li was built in Qin, Yan, Chu and Wei countries. Alliance and Lian Heng In the early Warring States Period, Wei dominated the Warring States Period. Since Wei Wenhou appointed Li Kui for political reform, he has become powerful. Hou Wen and Wu Hou both defeated Qi people many times. The West invaded the Hexi of Qin State, sent Li Kui and Wuqi to defend the monk army in Xihe, and repeatedly defeated the attack of Qin State. The marquis of Wu came to benefit the king, implemented reforms and became stronger. 36 1 year ago, King Hui moved his capital from Anyi (now Xiaxian County, Shanxi Province) to Daliang (now Kaifeng City, Henan Province), and then stepped up his attacks on Song, Wei, Han and Zhao countries.
Wei was strong because of the political reform, and Qi was strong because of Shang Yang's political reform. In the first 354 years, because Zhao robbed the princes of Wei, Wei attacked Zhao, led the Song and Wei allied forces to besiege Handan, the capital of Zhao, and broke it the following year. So Zhao asked Qi for help, sent Tian Ji as the general, and Sun Bin as a teacher to save him. Sun Bin thought that Wei's elite troops were in Zhao, and there was no one inside, but he led the troops to flee. Wei Jun came back to save the country, and the Qi army took advantage of it to solve the siege of Zhao in one fell swoop ("The Art of War, Biography of Wuqi"), and won a great victory in Guiling (now southwest of Henan Changyuan), but captured its coach Pang Juan alive ("The Art of War, Capturing Pang Juan"). However, in the first 352 years, Wei Huiwang summoned South Korean troops to defeat the allied forces of Qi, Song and Wei, and Qi had to make peace with Wei. The following year, Wei forced Zhao to form an alliance on Zhangshui Mountain and returned Handan to Zhao. Wei won on the Eastern Front.
At this time, Qin defeated Wei Jun in 354 BC and captured Shaoliang in Hexi. In the first 352 years, it invaded the east of Wei State and once captured Anyi. The following year, Guyang was besieged and forced to defect. Later, Wei, Qi and Zhao made an alliance to make peace. In 350 BC, Wei rebelled against Qin and besieged Shang Jun (now east of Yan 'an City, Shaanxi Province). As a result, it was met in Tong (now southwest of hua county, Shaanxi Province) and repaired, so Wei also won in the Western Front.
In the 26th year of Wei Huiwang (344 BC), he met twelve governors in Fengze and led them to appear before the Emperor of Zhou. But later, in the battle of Maling at 34 1, he was defeated by the Qi army and the prince was killed. In the Battle of Wucheng in the first 340 years, Wei was defeated by Qin and the coach was captured. Soon, he was forced to cut Hexi to Qin, and Wei, who had been defeated repeatedly, never recovered.
Before 3 14, the state of Yan was in civil strife, and Qi occupied the state of Yan before withdrawing troops. Since then, Yan Zhaowang acceded to the throne of Yan State, recruiting talents and plotting to retaliate against Qi State.
Chu defeated Qin in three wars from 3 13 to 3 1 1. However, in the first 306 years, it took advantage of the civil strife in the State of Yue to capture the old land of Wu, which was later recovered by the State of Yue several times. In the long war with Yue, the national strength was also weakened. Zhao Wuling Wang Hu Fu rides and shoots See Riding and Shooting, Zhao Destroys the Battle of Zhongshan.
In the first 307 years, King Wuling of Zhao rode and shot in Hu clothes, which greatly increased the military strength of Zhao State. Zhongshan was killed by Zhao, and the king of Zhongshan was demoted to Pishi. In the first 287 years, the armies of Zhao, Wei, Han, Yan and Chu jointly attacked Qin, and Qin was forced to cede territory to make peace with Zhao and Wei.
In the first 286 years, Qi conquered the coveted Song State, which led to the siege of Yan, Qin, Han, Zhao and Wei in the first 284 years. The Qi army fought in Jixi, but it was hit hard by the allied forces. The Qi army retreated to Linzi and was captured by the Yan army. The king of Qi fled and moved to Jun 'an, and the Chu army sent troops to pretend to save Qi. 278 years ago, Yan Zhaowang died and Wang Hui, the prince of Yan, acceded to the throne. Tian Dan, Qiu of Jimo, Qi State, used double spies to get rid of general Le Yi by Yan Huiwang. Tian Dan defeated the Yan army with a fire bull array, and the State of Qi took advantage of the situation to rejuvenate the country, but its national strength declined greatly and began to decline.
In the first 280 years, Chu attacked Qin in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, trying to recover Pakistan's old land, which was counterattacked by Qin. In the first 279 years, Chu Zaiyan (now southeast of Yicheng, Hubei Province) was destroyed by the Battle of Qin Jun, and hundreds of thousands of soldiers and civilians were drowned in Leitian. In the first 278 years, even the capital, Ying Du, was captured by the general of Qin State, Bai Qi, and was forced to move to Chen. Qu Yuan, a poet of Chu, felt that the country had fallen and threw himself into the Miluo River. 24 1 year ago, Chu moved its capital to Shouchun, avoiding Qin Jun, and was no longer able to fight against Qin.
Zeng Temple was founded in the 15th year of the Zhou Dynasty (426 BC), formerly known as "Xiao Zhong Temple".
During the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, King Gao of Zhou sealed his brother in Henan in 425 BC (Zhou 15) and established Duke Zhou as Duke Huan of Zhou. This is the last bag of the Zhou Dynasty. Since this enfeoffment, all the land of King Zhou has been enfeoffed, and even he himself lives in this Duke Zhou.
Duke Huan of Zhou died, and his son Gong Wei represented him. Gong Wei died, and Keiko Gong represented him. In Zhou Nanwang, Duke Hui of Zhou made his youngest son, Yugong, king and was made Duke of Hui Zhou in East China. The Eastern and Western Zhou Dynasties were divided, with Henan as the capital in the Western Zhou Dynasty and Gongcheng as the capital in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty.
Since the establishment of the Western Zhou Dynasty, it has always adopted the policy of pleasing big countries, especially the state of Qin. Qin and neighboring powers often levied taxes and soldiers on the Western Zhou Dynasty and the Eastern Zhou Dynasty. At the same time, conflicts often occurred between the Western Zhou Dynasty and the Eastern Zhou Dynasty. During the reign, the status of Zhou Tianzi was completely in name only, and his land (Ji Wang of Zhou Tianzi) was also divided into two parts by North Korea and Zhao. The royal city of Henan in Luoyi was regarded as the Western Zhou Dynasty, and it is still Luoyi, and the government was regarded as the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, which was ruled by East and West Qi Huangong respectively. Zhou Tianzi moved from Chengzhou to Wangcheng and attached himself to the Duke of West.
27 1 years ago, Ke Qingzhang Lu (that is, Fan Ju) presented the strategy of "making friends far away and attacking near" to Qin Zhaowang. Before 262, Qin Zhao Haoqi accepted and sent troops to attack North Korea, cutting off the connection between Shangdang County and Xinzheng, the capital of North Korea. South Korea wanted to cede Shangdang County to Qin, but Shangdang soldiers and civilians refused and turned to Zhao for help. Zhao sent veteran Lian Po to Changping to support Shangdang. In the first 260 years, the Qin general Wang Bi seized Shangdang and confronted Lian Po Army in Changping. The two sides were deadlocked for four months. Zhao Kuo, an armchair young general, replaced Lian Po. At the same time, Qin secretly transferred the general. The battle of Changping ended in Zhao's fiasco, with 400,000 soldiers killed. From then on, the six eastern countries were unable to resist the attack of Qin.
In the first 258 years, Wei Xinlingjun, Zhao and Chu Chunshen were defeated at the gates of Handan, and later Xinlingjun led the army to defeat outside Hangu Pass, but these were not enough to make Qin decline.
Zhou Nanwang died 256 years ago, when the State of Qin invaded Luoyi, the Duke of the Western Zhou Dynasty surrendered and the Zhou Dynasty perished. In the first 249 years, Qin Xianggong Lv Buwei led troops to destroy the Duke of Zhou in Gongyi (now Gongxian County, Henan Province).
In the first 230 years, South Korea was first destroyed by the State of Qin. Zhao was destroyed in the first 228 years, and the alliance between Yan and Zhao was broken in the first 227 years, which made Yan lose several cities. Yan Wangdan originally stayed in Qin as a hostage. When he saw that the king of Qin was determined to annex other countries and took the land of Yan, he secretly fled back to Yan. He is bent on revenge for Yan. But he didn't train, and he didn't intend to contact the vassals against Qin, but pinned the fate of Yan on the assassin. He took out all his possessions and looked for someone who could stab the king of Qin.
In the first 225 years, Wei was destroyed. In the first 223 years, the State of Chu perished. In the first 222 years, Yan and Yue were destroyed. In the first 22 1 year, the state of Qi was destroyed and the Central Plains was unified.