China's Confucian thought of benevolence can be the ideological resource and foundation for establishing contemporary new humanistic philosophy. Religious issues are an important part of ethnic issues. There are many aspects in a nation's culture and life, one of which is ideological belief, which is the spiritual pillar of the national social life and the place to settle the soul. Therefore, for most ethnic groups, religious beliefs are sacred, lofty and inviolable, and can be defended with their lives if necessary. In a religious nation, religious belief is the most sensitive and easily touched nerve sensor among many ethnic groups. Once stimulated by the outside world, it will make the fastest and strongest response. At the same time, for many ethnic groups, religious beliefs not only dominate people's thoughts and feelings, but also religious organizations and customs dominate or influence people's daily life, including social politics, ethics, literature and art, family and marriage, interpersonal communication and diseases. Therefore, ethnic issues have always been linked with religious issues. 1. Ethnic contradictions have become the main factor of instability in the contemporary world. Contemporary international disputes and regional conflicts are basically caused by ethnic contradictions. There are three situations here: one is the contradiction between western powers and emerging countries in the East and other regions, which is the contradiction between hegemonism and anti-hegemonism. This contradiction has a long history and will exist for a long time in the future. The solution is that powerful countries change their hegemonic consciousness, strengthen the concept of equality, and the rising countries enhance their strength, adhere to independence and equal dialogue; One is a local? Are you arrogant? Hey? What happened to the apricot tritium account? What? Which dragon [5] forgave ④? Hey? What's the matter? Hang up? Croatia's conflict with Iran and Kuwait, India's conflict with Pakistan on Kashmir, Armenia's conflict with Azerbaijan in CIS and so on. It is characterized by adjacent land, different interests, accumulated grievances and mutual exclusion. The only solution is to abandon the philosophy of struggle, practice national reconciliation, learn to live in peace and enjoy the benefits. One is the contradiction between different nationalities and races in some countries, such as the contradiction between whites and blacks in the United States and the contradiction between whites and other colored people in Europe and America. The solution is to eliminate racial discrimination, so that all ethnic groups and races are equal, live in harmony and be like brothers, not only in law but also in fact. Second, religious belief involves ethnic contradictions, which increases the complexity of ethnic issues. Nationality is religious in nature. If ethnic conflicts are not limited to political and economic interests, but also religious beliefs, they will become more complicated and increase the difficulty of reasonable solution. Conversely, if religious issues are linked to ethnic issues, it will also increase its complexity. For example, the contradiction between Sinhalese (Buddhism) and Tamil (Hinduism) in Sri Lanka, and the contradiction between Greek (Orthodox Church) and Turkish (Islam) in Cyprus. At present, the contradictions between the East and the West include ethnic contradictions, ethnic contradictions and ideological and belief contradictions (including religious and non-religious values). East Asians emphasize the "Asian value" formed by traditional religion and philosophy, which is characterized by emphasizing society, harmony and morality to distinguish it from the "Western value" that emphasizes individuals, competition and interests (often appearing as "global value"). Lee Kuan Yew of Singapore and Mahathir of Malaysia often emphasize this point. However, some people in the west have been trying to impose western values on Asians. What's more, Huntington, an American political authority, put forward the theory of "clash of civilizations", arguing that the theme of future international struggle will change from ideological and economic conflict to clash of civilizations, mainly between western civilization and eastern Confucianism and Islam. People criticized Huntington's theory as a product of the Cold War mentality and an attempt to find new enemies for the United States after the disintegration of the Soviet Union. There is no doubt that Huntington's view is adding fuel to the fire of ethnic contradictions between the East and the West. He deliberately exaggerates the differences between ideological beliefs and cultural traditions, especially taking a hostile attitude towards Islam and Muslims. This is wrong and harmful, which intensifies the antipathy of orientals to westerners and is not conducive to the reconciliation between the east and the west. This is a typical case, which shows that ideology and belief, including religion, can be used by some people to strengthen ethnic opposition and conflict, so we need to be vigilant. A nation's subjective beliefs, including religion and philosophy, are worth celebrating, because it means that most of this nation have ideals, places to live and spiritual pillars in social life. Of course, this subjective belief should also be constantly innovated with the progress of the times. On the contrary, a nation that has lost its faith is pathetic. Without a certain spiritual direction, it is bound to be distracted and morally bankrupt. However, while a nation loves its own beliefs, it should also respect the beliefs of other nations and cannot impose its own beliefs on other nations. Only in this way can ethnic relations be harmonious and normal. A person has the right to freely choose his beliefs, and a nation also has the right to freely choose his beliefs, which is an important concept for safeguarding human rights. As a religious nation, national feelings often show strong religious feelings. In this case, dealing with religious issues will inevitably affect ethnic issues, and it is difficult to distinguish them clearly because they are intertwined. This requires that people who deal with ethnic issues (national or international mediation organizations) should not only have ethnology literacy, but also have religious knowledge and understand the subtlety and importance of national spiritual life, so as to solve the problem carefully. In China, the Han nationality accounts for 92% of the total population, and most of them are not Christians. It is easy to ignore and underestimate the religious beliefs of ethnic minorities, and it is not easy to observe the emotional world of religious people. Therefore, society should care for ethnic minorities with great love, and make sympathetic understanding and serious research on religion. Improper handling of religious issues will inevitably affect ethnic relations. 3. Religion has become an important manifestation of national interests. Nation is the carrier of religion, and religion is the consciousness of nation. In comparison, nationality is more fundamental than religion. When all ethnic groups can live in peace, even if they have different religious beliefs, they can generally tolerate and coordinate with each other; When there are contradictions or even conflicts between ethnic groups, it is easy to have friction between different religious beliefs. Even the same religion will be opposed because of different sects and different understandings. Ethnic conflicts are fundamentally conflicts of political and economic interests, such as territorial sovereignty, market wealth, control and being controlled. There are always complex historical problems, the intervention of external forces and the special considerations of the internal ruling class. Some of them are clear-cut, some are right or wrong, and they cannot be simply ended. History and reality tell us that conflicts of political and economic interests between ethnic groups often appear in the form of religion; The deep-seated reason of many religious conflicts lies in the conflict of national actual interests. For example, in the Crusades in European history, under the banner of religion, the Pope commanded the Crusaders to March into Eastern Europe, West Asia and North Africa in the name of "jihad", and put forward slogans such as "Help the brothers in the East", "Fight against barbarians (referring to Muslims)" and "Journey to the Holy Tomb (Jerusalem)", and shouted "This is the will of God!" In fact, the most profound motive is that the feudal lords in western Europe covet the land and wealth of the East and invade and plunder under the banner of religion. Pope UrbanⅡ told the French, "Jerusalem is the center of the world, the land is fertile, just like heaven, it is waiting for you to save it. You have been given great power by God, so you should go without delay, so that your sins will not only be forgiven, but you will also get the eternal glory of the kingdom of heaven. " Tang Yi, editor-in-chief, History of Christianity. He lured his subjects into an unjust religious war with material interests and religious promises. What the division army did by burning, killing and looting also fully proved that their crusade was not to preach the gospel to God, but to oppress and exploit the people and satisfy their greed. Millions of people died in the war, and then Europeans took control of the Mediterranean, excluding Byzantine and Muslim forces and occupying important trading ports. In contemporary society, due to the spread of freedom of belief and the spirit of religious tolerance, there is not only a bloody religious war like that in the Middle Ages in Europe, but also a direct conflict between religions, and it is rare to see a nation calling its own religion against foreign religions. More commonly, in ethnic conflicts or national resistance movements, a nation uses religion to unite its own people against foreign forces. For example, some Arabs advocate pan-Islamism to unite the Muslim world and oppose western colonialism and hegemonism. In the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Muslims strengthened internal unity with Islam as a link, with the fundamental purpose of striving for and expanding their living space. Fourth, carry forward the oriental cultural spirit of "harmony is the most important", eliminate ethnic discrimination, dispel ethnic hatred, achieve national reconciliation and strengthen religious dialogue. With the integration of international economy, the progress of technology and the expansion of communication, as well as the development of information means, the world is becoming a veritable global village; At the same time, the global crisis of ecology, population and nuclear proliferation threatens all mankind, and mankind has to share weal and woe. The era of sweeping away the snow in front of its own door and dominating the world by means of war is gone forever. Human beings must learn to get along well and cooperate hand in hand in order to overcome the crisis and get out of the predicament. However, conflicts of interest between countries, nations and groups continue to occur, and feelings of separation, opposition and even hatred still exist. The world is still divided and has the possibility of self-destruction. There is no shortage of material means to solve international disputes, ethnic conflicts and global crises. At present, what the international community lacks most is a humanistic philosophy that truly represents the interests of all mankind. It aims at kindness and harmony, transcends the boundaries of countries, regions, nationalities, religions and groups, and is accepted by most people in the world, thus dissolving hatred, melting cruelty and promoting dialogue, exchanges and cooperation among all ethnic groups. I think China's Confucian thought of benevolence can be the ideological resource and foundation for establishing contemporary new humanistic philosophy. Confucius and Confucianism talk about "the benevolent loves others" and advocate "harmony is the most precious" and "harmony is different". They believe that human beings are a big family, with brothers and sisters connected and related by blood. Everyone has a kind nature. Through expansion, they can not only love their families, but also love human beings and everything. Human beings live in mutual love and perish in mutual hatred. Forgiveness means helping others with kindness, understanding and respecting others, acknowledging the differences in diversity and practicing "harmony without difference". It is also this spirit that Zhouyi talks about "consistence and consideration, but all roads lead to the same goal". Tan Sitong, a modern thinker in China, put forward that "benevolence takes communication as the first meaning", that is, communication, exchange, understanding and trust, so as to break all kinds of prejudices, obstacles and obstacles, thus promoting benevolence. With this kind and tolerant philosophy, we can overcome ethnic discrimination, dissolve ethnic hatred, promote national reconciliation, recognize diversity in faith and practice tolerance. I think the mainstream philosophy pursued by the international community for many years is the philosophy of struggle. Many people believe that bullying, beggar-thy-neighbor, and forcing others to follow them are the rules of survival and competition. In fact, this is an outdated philosophy, which must be changed and replaced by a philosophy of benevolence and accommodation, otherwise the future of the whole mankind (including the future of all ethnic groups) will be worrying. First of all, people should realize that without the common interests of all mankind, no nation can develop independently, especially in the present and future, which means that the common interests of all ethnic groups are greater than their differences and contradictions. The development of politics, economy and ecology in today's world is global, and it develops smoothly, which is beneficial to all countries and nations, and there is a serious crisis, which is harmful to all countries and nations. Not only developing countries and nations depend on global economy, scientific and technological development and political peace and stability, but also developed countries and nations depend on the prosperity and stability of developing countries and nations. This is why the currency crisis in Mexico, the financial crisis in Southeast Asia and the economic recession in Europe have also attracted the attention of people all over the world. For another example, the solution to the global ecological crisis cannot be separated from China's participation, which requires the strengthening of China's economic strength and international cooperation including China. Secondly, between countries and nations that are close to or adjacent to each other in the same area, the same interests outweigh the differences and contradictions between them, that is to say, it is beneficial to talk about it and harmful to fight. Whether it is economic and trade development or national security, there is no guarantee without national reconciliation and cooperation. Those who really consider their own national interests must be those who advocate good neighborliness and friendship. On the surface, people who incite national hatred are for the benefit of their own nation, but in fact, they always put their own nation under the threat of hostile nations, which is an indirect self-destruction and self-harm. If there is no national reconciliation, Palestinians and Israelis will not live a peaceful and happy life, and grievances should be reconciled rather than settled. Historical disputes can only be resolved through peace talks, compromise and understanding, not by force. As the Chinese philosopher Feng Youlan pointed out, international disputes can only be solved by "Chou He" (the words of Zhang Zai, a philosopher in the Northern Song Dynasty), but not by enmity. There is no way to hate the rich. Third, all ethnic groups should learn to live in a diversified cultural environment at home and abroad, be good at dialogue and exchange with various theories, doctrines and ideas in religious beliefs and ideological culture, understand the beliefs and cultures of other ethnic groups with an equal status and an inclusive attitude, and conduct cultural exchanges in a civilized way. The old tradition of western Catholicism is quite closed and exclusive, but since the second Vatican Council in the early 1960s, the church has advocated "religious dialogue" and its relations with other religious or non-religious groups have been greatly improved. Du Weiming, a Chinese-American scholar, advocated "dialogue among civilizations" in response to Huntington's "clash of civilizations" according to the spirit of Confucian culture, which is commendable. Many ethnic conflicts are caused by different values, which are determined by beliefs. Therefore, we must communicate and understand each other, and we must communicate and understand each other through dialogue. Like friends, we can admit each other's truth and understand each other's thoughts and feelings, so that we will naturally find each other's characteristics and advantages, and naturally respect each other's beliefs and cultures and learn from each other's strengths. Dialogue between religious culture and religious culture, and dialogue between religious culture and non-religious culture should be vigorously advocated and seriously carried out. This is an integral part of national reconciliation.