The peasant anti-feudal uprising is one of the themes of Water Margin.
The classes reflected in the Water Margin mainly include the bureaucratic landlord class-with political status and no virtue; Middle and lower class landlords-with economic status but no political power; Citizen class-complex composition, no political power or economic status or personal power protection; The peasant class has a meager economic foundation, personal freedom but no personal protection and no political power.
In the interaction of the above four stages, a picture of social life is presented. Only the bureaucratic landlord class is satisfied with their living conditions.
As mentioned above, there are not many factors in the peasant uprising, and it is not the first time that it broke out. The more persecuted the peasants are, the stronger their sense of resistance is, and naturally they have joined the ranks of the insurgents. First of all, it provides a large part of the rebels. The second is willing to give up the leadership of the uprising. Thirdly, it failed to put forward the political slogan of "equal wealth and equal dignity"-Rainbow Xiaobo and Li Shun Uprising.
Therefore, the peasant uprising is only a partial anti-feudalism, and it is only one of the themes of Water Margin.
(2) The Water Margin reflects the life and demands of the citizens.
In the relationship between the four classes in the Song Dynasty, citizen life is a corner with unique colors. In terms of types, some describe the relationship between citizens and bureaucratic landlords, such as the relationship between Gao Qiu and Duan Wang; There are people who describe citizen relations, such as Ximen Qing and Pan Jinlian, Wu Dalang and Wang Po, Zheng Tu and Lu Da, Jin Cuilian and others, as well as chivalrous people, such as Song Wu, Lu Da and Yang Xiong. There are stunts, such as Huangfu Duan, a veterinarian, and An Daoquan, an imperial doctor.
The citizen class is between the landlord class and the peasants. It is neither feudal orthodoxy nor social redundancy. There are mainly economic requirements. For example, Zhang San, a local ruffian closely related to Lu, first hosted a temple fair with land and stole some vegetables for a living, and his behavior was despised by people. Later, due to Lu's kindness and kindness, having milk is the filial piety of the mother, and naturally live in harmony with it, which just shows that if the landlord class can give it economic benefits, they will not pierce the feudal days.
However, this characteristic of the citizen class is easily used by powerful people, such as Gao Qiu and Niu Er. Gao Qiu won the captain with his fooling around philosophy and immediately became a member of the ruling class. As a rogue, his life became a secret pain, and at the same time, he did not make reasonable demands on the citizen class, so Gao Qiu became a negative image in the citizen class. Become a trash can that hides evil and practices evil. At the same time, it also proves that it is impossible to improve the present situation of the citizen class by fooling philosophy. And this kind of people make some people in the ruling group become unstable slaves. So Lin Chong had to change Gao Qiu's life for his own class.
Secondly, personal rights, such as Wu Dalang's right to exist, Pan Jinlian's emotional needs and so on. Another class of citizens has evolved into shameless vampires, full of endless greed. Such as Zheng Tu, Ximen Qing and Wang Po. In order to satisfy his lust, Zheng Tu "forced me to accept the body of the slave house (Jin Cuilian)", and Kim was "kicked out" by the big lady appointed by feudalism. Zheng Tujian actually promised $3,000. Ximen Qing, on the other hand, seduced other people's wives because he had some money, and designed to poison Wu Da. In his eyes, the ethics of feudal times were regarded as dirt. This demand is part of the revolution. And Pan Jinlian seduced Song Wu first (it was tall, handsome and brave, far exceeding Wu Da, who was "three points like a man and seven points like a ghost"). Later, Ximen Qing was even more greedy for his bodybuilding, which is a kind of human breath, but this requirement should be limited within a certain range. They let this desire spread. At the same time, it also raises a question, who will protect the weak, such as Jin Cuilian and Wu Dalang, because they are human beings after all, and they also have personal rights. The above three kinds of people let us see the necessity of social improvement.
Another kind of technical personnel in the citizen class, such as Song Wu, Lu Da, Yang Xiong and others, are kind-hearted and brave without great wisdom; Brave because they hate diseases like enemies, dare to fight rough roads and uphold justice, so they naturally become "superman" supported by the masses, but such people are not wise. First of all, they can't come up with ideas and design schemes for social improvement. Only Zheng Tu hits Zheng Tu and Ximen Qing hits Ximen Qing. Secondly, it is easy to be used by the ruling class. For example, when Song Wu beat Jiang Menshen after drinking, he just "dressed people in wedding clothes" and almost died.
Therefore, the personal rights of weak citizens such as Wu Da and Zhang San's economic demands can only be realized through the revolution of ideal figures such as Lu. Under the premise that these people can't correctly understand whether the demands of the people of this class are reasonable, they naturally can't put forward loud political slogans alone, but can only be deep-water bombs. This also determines that the social improvement of the citizen class is nothing more than the agreement of the soul after all, and they can only realize their ideals in their ideals or simple struggles.
(3) The Water Margin reflects the attempt of the lower landlords to compete for political power.
Due to the limitations of the class, the peasant class can not make political demands, nor can it play a leading role in this revolution. It can only provide some people. For the achievements of the revolution, we can only want to get something like Ah Q; The most ideal people in the civilian class, because they have no economic foundation, only have chivalry and courage, can't put forward political opinions, and can only serve as the Ministry and pioneer of this rebel army. Another landlord class, the middle and lower landlords, has an economic foundation but no political power, and has been educated in feudal ethics for a long time, so it is obligatory to lead this rebel army in terms of ability and quality.
After the local main classes seized the leadership, they regarded the insurgents as a stepping stone to realize their political ideals.
Let's talk about Song Jiang again. Song Jiang was originally the son of Song Taigong, the landlord of Yuncheng County. He comes from a chivalrous background and has a high reputation. In addition, he hates the treacherous court official, and there is no reason to display his talents in Wang Zuo. His characteristic is loyalty, and he can represent the best of the landlord class. In his mind, the emperor is extremely wise, and it is only because the traitor and traitor are in power that the holy hearing is blinded. So as long as he gets an official position, he can serve the emperor. However, when the road of loyalty and righteousness is blocked, he can only seek a shortcut to the south and become a chess piece. But after all, he knew the feud in officialdom, so he designed a document to sever the relationship with his father, Song Taigong, so as not to cause disaster to his family. Not only did he know that Danggai and others robbed the birthday program, but he also sent a letter to let him escape. It can be seen that he is loyal to the emperor and only opposes corrupt officials, and does not meet feudalism. When he had sex with Yan Poxi, he wandered around the Jianghu, eager for smooth sailing. When your brothers went to Liangshan under their leadership, they received a letter from their brothers and immediately left them behind, willing to accept heavy punishment in Jiangzhou, eager to regain their loyalty one day. Who knows that drinking mistakenly writes anti-poetry "is a political and economic history since childhood, and it is powerful when you grow up." Just like the barren hills of the tiger minister, the hidden minions endure. It's a pity that tattooed cheeks deserve Jiangzhou. If he wants to report grievances this year, the blood beam is at the mouth of Xunyang River. "The resentment against the unreasonable display of talent described in the poem, in this case, the more loyal, the more disloyal, and then kill the corrupt officials.
Song Jiang was also forced to rebel, because his original attempt to go south by shortcut was completely blocked.
However, when he was driven to Liangshan, he remained loyal to his loyalty and regarded the uprising team as a stepping stone to seek his own political interests. His performances are as follows: first, he won the support of honest courtiers, such as intercepting Su Taiwei's fleet for the 99th time and facing the intention of surrender; Second, change "Juyitang" into "Loyalty Hall" until "loyalty" precedes "righteousness"; Thirdly, the political slogans of "doing justice for heaven", "loyalty" and "eliminating violence and doing good" were determined for the insurgents, and the spearhead of the struggle was directed at the insurgents; Fourth, reorganize the leadership of the rebel army and design to lure Lu Junyi up the mountain just to rely on Lu Junyi's reputation; Fifth, Liangshan ranking is based entirely on surrender conditions. The former ranked second in Liangshan, mostly commanding landlords, with little merit, but ranked first. In the feudal era with very strict hierarchical concept, there was only one purpose-conducive to surrender; Sixth, arm the insurgents with the idea of wooing, repeatedly reveal the intention of wooing in public, and attack the real revolutionaries. For example, in the seventy-first time, after arranging the seats, Song Jiang got drunk and wrote "Man Jiang Hong": "Unified leopard and tiger, imperial fate. Give orders to Ming and the military to scream. In the wish, Pinglu protects the country and the people. The sun and the moon often hang loyalty and courage, and dust blocks evil. I hope that the heavenly king will come down to the swamp, and I will be happy long ago. " Unexpectedly, singing here triggered the refutation of Song Wu, Li Kui jy and others: "Today, we have to win over, and tomorrow, it will cool the hearts of our brothers." Causing the banquet to break up; Seventh, let the imperial doctor An Daoquan remove the golden seal on his face-the mark of shame. Eighth, I went to Bianjing to talk to the Emperor's "Imperial Prostitute" hotline, in an attempt to make Li Shishi blow some "pillow talk" when he tried to go to bed, so as to make a fool of himself. I had a lot of trouble for the candidates in this diplomatic activity. Ninth, lead the rebels to cross the county and conduct "discipline supervision" on the county, but don't disturb the emperor, for fear of blocking the road of loyalty again.
You see, Song Jiang, the representative of the landlord stage, brought down the uprising day by day. In order to realize his political ideal, he did not hesitate to ruin the revolutionary cause.
This behavior of seeking a way out only for the landlord class will naturally arouse the opposition of other classes, and they will also take various measures to oppose it, which will lead to "Li Kui jy Lantern Festival making trouble in Tokyo", "Yamaraja capsized and stole royal wine, and the black whirlwind took the letter to scold the imperial envoys". Sung River had no patience, so he had to win twice and lose three times in Gao Qiu. However, these actions showed that Ben was more eager to realize his intention of surrender, and sure enough, he staged "Dan Liang Bofen Jinda" at the eighty-second session. The landlord class took great pains on the way forward.
When wooing, he regarded the original Juyi Liangshan as guilty of insurrection, so he was eager to present a gift, so he led the troops to levy Liao in the north and Fang La in the south, paving the political road for himself with the blood of his brothers. However, it is the hardest to escape bad luck.
Song Jiang's landlord class has no interest in political votes. He just used the armed forces of the rebels to scare the emperor. He thought that "a crying child has more milk", but it was finally cut off. He shouldn't have done this at all.
(d) Trying to reasonably resolve the internal disputes of the ruling group. Since the Song Dynasty, a large number of civil servants have been used to govern the world. This has led to a huge bureaucratic landlord class, which is increasingly corrupt and extravagant. Internal disputes continue. The most typical example is Lin Chong's rebellion. Lin Chong was originally a coach of 800,000 imperial guards and had a good wife. He should be a slave. Lin Chong was fed up and forced to rebel. Lin Chong is a loyal philosopher. His attempt to change the fate of the weak through rebellion just shows that there is an attempt to solve the internal disputes of the ruling group reasonably in the theme of Water Margin.
(5) To sum up, the peasant anti-feudal uprising in Water Margin is only one of the themes. This book also widely reproduces the life and demands of all walks of life in the Song Dynasty. This uprising is just an attempt to improve society. The positive significance of "officials forcing people to revolt" (rather than "monarchies" forcing people to revolt) lies in warning the ruling class to be benevolent and let everyone live a good life, otherwise it will cause an "earthquake".
Therefore, I think the theme of the Water Margin should be: taking the peasant uprising as the original intention, expressing the living conditions and requirements of the citizens. An outstanding social improvement novel shows the political demands of middle and lower class landlords and a reasonable attempt to resolve disputes within the ruling group.
I hope I can help you ~ ~