1, exchange rate change: the purchase of foreign energy-saving equipment or systems is usually calculated in US dollars.
2. Inflation: equipment and material costs, wages, transportation costs, etc.
3. Interest rate fluctuation: the efficiency of project financing, project leasing and the use of its own funds. The operational risks of the overall energy-saving project include:
1. Changes in energy prices: An increase may benefit EMC, while a decrease may extend the contract period of the project.
2. Project construction risks: such as inefficient energy-saving equipment or systems, cost overruns, delayed completion of projects, etc.
3. Operation and maintenance risks: changes in operating conditions of energy-saving equipment or systems, changes in operation and maintenance costs, and changes in the quality of operation and maintenance personnel.
4. Bankruptcy due to poor management. 1. Insufficient state support: 1985, the preferential fiscal and taxation policies for energy-saving enterprises promulgated by the state were completely cancelled with the improvement of the market mechanism in 1994, and the state no longer funded energy-saving renovation projects, and the government no longer launched energy-saving renovation projects. 1998 The Energy Conservation Law of People's Republic of China (PRC), which was implemented on New Year's Day, has not formulated any substantive encouragement policies, and energy conservation by government agencies is just a slogan. At present, China is seriously short of electricity. The government and investors first think of energy development projects, not energy-saving projects. At the same time, unreasonable fiscal and taxation policies also hinder the full play of the energy-saving market. In this case, it is very important to formulate appropriate and loose policies for energy-saving work with the nature of public affairs. At present, the government has no policy support, financial support and project support in the energy-saving industry, so EMC must rely entirely on market means to survive.
2. Insufficient financial strength of EMC company: EMC's market mechanism requires that EMC company must have greater financial strength, and the payback period of EMC project funds is long. Once the follow-up funds are cut off, it will be difficult for EMC to develop. Commercial banks are also helpless in the operation of energy-saving projects. After all, EMC projects are venture capital projects, and EMC companies lack the necessary historical bank records, which affects their application for bank loans and credit guarantees. It is also difficult to solve EMC's worries by relying on the World Bank's energy-saving guarantee fund or the government's energy-saving discount loan, because the World Bank or the government is investigating the social benefits of environmental protection, while EMC is concerned about the economic benefits of energy conservation. The two have different starting points, so it is difficult to find a satisfactory project in the market. Therefore, if EMC wants to grow and develop, it must rely on its huge financial strength in the first 2-3 years.
3. Insufficient dissemination of energy-saving information: On the one hand, EMC has seen the huge market potential of energy-saving industry, and government departments have seen the great contribution of energy-saving to environmental protection; On the other hand, enterprise decision makers lack energy-saving knowledge and information, and can't see authoritative and practical comprehensive energy-saving information, especially the economic analysis and financial analysis information of cost-benefit of energy-saving projects. In addition, at present, enterprises generally lack investment and enthusiasm for energy conservation. There is also a serious information gap between the energy-saving industrial market and the energy-saving capital market. Private investors and commercial investment institutions do not understand the profitability of energy-saving projects and the potential of energy-saving market, and are worried about the potential risks of energy-saving investment, which makes it very difficult to finance energy-saving projects. The asymmetry of all these information requires the government and energy-saving intermediaries to strengthen the propaganda of energy-saving and EMC concept.
4. The energy management of enterprises is very backward, and the awareness of energy conservation is not enough: the energy supply company is only responsible for delivering energy to the door of enterprises. Although the internal energy management of enterprises is not professional, there is no such professional company in the market to undertake this business, and there is also a lack of professionals to manage and maintain the energy-using equipment of enterprises. Most business leaders only pay attention to expanding production scale and increasing market share of products, and care about production cost, transportation cost and labor cost, but ignore energy cost. They don't set up energy consumption accounts at all, and they don't count the energy consumption of products, so they don't pay enough attention to energy saving. They always think that the social benefits (mainly environmental benefits) of energy-saving projects are greater than the economic benefits. In addition, the government has no mandatory measures, and enterprises are not enthusiastic about energy conservation. It is difficult to separate energy costs and energy-saving benefits from the overall benefits of enterprises. There is no precedent, and it is not a climate. At present, there is no professional energy management service company like transportation company, cleaning company and security company to manage and control the energy consumption cost of enterprises professionally.
5. Credibility society has not been established: the success of EMC project implementation is the common goal of EMC company and customers. The customer's benefit is that excellent energy-saving equipment and long-term energy-saving and environmental protection benefits can be obtained with little investment, and EMC will earn profits from the success of the project. Many cases have proved that sincere cooperation between the two sides is the most important. But at the first contact of the project, customers will regard you as a salesman of energy-saving products, fearing that the performance of the equipment will be damaged or reduced. After you have made great efforts to explain EMC's ideas, customers are unable or unwilling to provide true and accurate information, which makes the energy audit report made by EMC unscientific and unrealistic, and casts a shadow on the success or failure of subsequent EMC projects. After EMC invested a lot of money to transform the equipment, it was found that the energy saving rate was not as good as expected, which was largely due to the dishonest cooperation of customers or the management service of EMC company: the original machine was turned on for at most 5 hours, but now it has been turned on for 6 hours without anyone taking care of it; Originally, the air conditioner was criticized by the leader when it was turned on to 24℃, but now it is turned on to 23℃ unconsciously; Electric wok and electric hot water were not allowed before, but now they are also used secretly. The 20% power saving rate can't make up for the management loopholes at all, which makes it difficult for EMC to guard against technical and economic risks. Some energy-saving companies are also not self-disciplined. They only care about sales, regardless of service, and can't guarantee the amount of energy saving, or the energy efficiency is very good when doing experiments, but the expected results can't be achieved when running, which damages the image of the energy-saving industry.
A. In view of the above market risks and obstacles, Guangzhou * * * Ying Energy Management Technology Co., Ltd. has gained the following operating experience in the operation of energy-saving projects:
1.Sincere cooperation between EMC and customers
The successful implementation of the project is the common goal of EMC and its customers. The interests of customers are that they can obtain excellent energy-saving equipment and long-term energy-saving and environmental protection benefits with little or no investment, and EMC will earn profits from the success of the project. Many cases have proved that sincere cooperation between the two sides is the most important. EMC provides quality services throughout the project, and the close cooperation of customers throughout the project ensures the success of the project.
2. Prevention of economic risks of 2.EMC projects
In order to achieve the win-win goal of EMC and customers, EMC needs customers' help to prevent economic risks. Customers should provide EMC with detailed information about business management, financial status, product sales and development prospects, and optional guarantee and mortgage measures to establish and enhance EMC's investment confidence. EMC Company should treat customers honestly, keep business secrets for customers, and realize energy-saving benefits for customers and profits for EMC Company. At the same time, EMC should be good at transferring the pressure of project start-up funds to energy-saving equipment suppliers and engineering companies; Distribute the economic risks of energy-saving projects reasonably among customers, financial institutions, leasing companies, insurance companies, equipment suppliers, engineering companies, maintenance companies and even the government, and disperse the economic risks of the projects. During the contract period of energy-saving projects, firmly grasp the ownership of energy-saving equipment.
3. Prevention of technical risks in EMC projects
The success of the project is directly related to the determination of the transformation scheme, the selection of energy-saving technology and supporting equipment, and also closely related to the original operation status and energy consumption. With the honest help of customers, EMC should find out the original operation and energy consumption, and choose the transformation scheme, technology and supporting equipment under the guidance of experts. This is an effective measure to prevent technical risks and the foundation for the success of the project. After the operation of the project, we should actively invest in the remote energy monitoring information system to monitor the running status of energy-using equipment, and send professional on-site maintenance and patrol personnel to strengthen on-site management, guide enterprises to change their energy-saving concept from "I want to save energy" to "I want to save energy" and prevent customers from dishonest behavior.