Detection and treatment of environmental pollution requires professional qualifications. Specifically, the following air detection is based on the pollution of home and office environment caused by harmful substances such as decoration materials and furniture, to detect air quality. The Code for Indoor Environmental Pollution Control of Civil Construction Projects promulgated and implemented this year lists five main pollutants: formaldehyde, benzene, ammonia, TVOC, radioactive radon and so on. Harm of decoration pollution The release of decoration pollutants lasts for 3- 15 years, and its hazards include: air detection-sampling site 1, abnormal immune function, liver injury, liver injury and nerve center influence; 2. Damage to eyes, nose, throat, upper respiratory tract and skin; 3. Causing chronic health harm and shortening people's life span; 4, serious can cause cancer, fetal malformation, female infertility and so on. ; 5, it has a great influence on the normal growth and development of children, which can lead to leukocytosis, memory loss and growth retardation; 6, the damage to women's appearance and skin is more obvious. Because formaldehyde has a strong stimulating effect on skin mucosa, skin wrinkles and sweat secretion will occur after contact. 7. It is an important cause of respiratory diseases such as tracheitis, pharyngolaryngitis and pneumonia in the elderly, and can also induce diseases such as hypertension, cardiovascular diseases and cerebral hemorrhage, which may be life-threatening to the weak. The hazards of main pollutants in decoration to people are listed respectively: formaldehyde is a colorless and soluble irritating gas. Wood-based panels such as particleboard, density board, plywood, adhesive and wallpaper are the main sources of formaldehyde in the air, and the release period is as long as 3 ~ 15 years. It can be absorbed by respiratory tract, and the harm of formaldehyde to human body has the characteristics of long-term, latent and concealed. Long-term inhalation of formaldehyde can cause serious diseases such as nasopharyngeal carcinoma and laryngeal cancer. Benzene is a colorless gas with a special aromatic smell. Glue, paint, coating and adhesive are the main sources of benzene in the air. Benzene and benzene series can be anesthetized by the central nervous system after being inhaled by human body; It can inhibit human hematopoietic function, reduce red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets, and increase the incidence of aplastic anemia; It can also lead to abnormal menstruation in women and congenital defects in the fetus. Radon is a colorless, odorless and imperceptible inert gas. Building materials such as cement, brick sand, marble and ceramic tiles are the main sources of radon, and a large amount of radon will also be released in geological fault zones. Radon and its daughters enter the human body with air, or attach to tracheal mucosa and lung surface, or dissolve in body fluids and enter cell tissues, forming internal irradiation, which induces lung cancer, leukemia and respiratory diseases. Research by the World Health Organization shows that radon is the second largest carcinogen of lung cancer after smoking. Ammonia is a colorless gas with a strong pungent smell. It mainly comes from additives such as concrete antifreeze and flame retardant in fire protection board. It has a strong stimulating effect on eyes, throat and upper respiratory tract, and can cause poisoning through skin and respiratory tract. Light can cause congestion, increased secretion, pulmonary edema, bronchitis and dermatitis, and severe can cause laryngeal edema and laryngeal spasm, and can also cause dyspnea, coma and shock. High levels of ammonia can even cause reflex respiratory arrest. TVOC is the abbreviation of VOC and volatile organic compounds, and it is a heterogeneous pollutant in indoor air. Because of their low concentration and many kinds, they are generally not represented one by one, but their total amount is represented by TVOC. TVOC includes benzene, toluene, butyl acetate, ethylbenzene, p (m) xylene, styrene, o-xylene and undecane. Indoor building and decoration materials are the main sources of TVOC in the air. The research shows that even if the content of single VOC in indoor air is lower than its limit, the mixed existence and interaction of multiple VOCs will increase the hazard intensity. TVOC is toxic and irritating, which can cause the imbalance of immune level, affect the function of central nervous system, appear dizziness, headache, lethargy, fatigue, chest tightness and other symptoms, and may also affect the digestive system, such as loss of appetite, nausea, and even cause death in severe cases. First, the main source of decoration pollution is the design of interior decoration, which should be carried out in accordance with the principle of simplicity and practicality, paying special attention to indoor environmental factors, reasonably matching decoration materials and furniture, fully considering the carrying capacity of indoor space, and paying attention to maintaining indoor air circulation. Poor air circulation is a very important factor causing indoor pollution. Many furniture and building materials do not exceed the standard when tested, but the indoor harmful gas concentration is too high after decoration, which is caused by poor indoor ventilation. Secondly, in the choice of building materials and furniture, we should strictly choose environmentally-friendly and safe materials, such as formaldehyde-free adhesives, formaldehyde-free core boards, decorative boards, etc., which can improve the indoor air quality after decoration. Generally speaking, wood-based panels are the most likely to cause indoor pollution, and consumers must pay attention when purchasing wood-based panels. Furniture, especially wooden furniture made of plywood, is also very dangerous and needs careful selection. Third, in the construction technology, we should try to choose non-toxic, low-toxic, pollution-free and less polluting construction technology. At present, many processes are still at a very low level, such as gluing and painting, which are easy to cause pollution. If the construction process is not carried out in strict accordance with the operating specifications, the harm will be even greater. Edit the third paragraph. The necessity of air testing. The number of deaths caused by indoor air pollution in China has reached 1 1. 100, with about 304 people every day. Recently, Beijing Indoor Environment Testing Center has investigated and monitored nearly 30,000 square meters of newly-built and renovated kindergartens, office buildings and family houses 180 households. It is found that the qualified rate of indoor air quality is only 34.7%. Among them, ammonia pollution is the most serious in unqualified indoor air, with the over-standard rate of 56.9%, and the highest measured value exceeds the national control standard by 62.8 times, with an average over-standard of 36.5 times; The over-standard rate of formaldehyde is 27.8%, and benzene series (toluene, xylene, etc.). ) is 14.6%. A large number of foreign research results also show that indoor air pollution can cause "BBS", and the symptoms include headache, eye, nose and throat discomfort, dry cough, dry and itchy skin, dizziness, nausea, difficulty in concentration, and sensitivity to odor. Building-related diseases (BRI) have symptoms such as cough, chest tightness, fever, chills and muscle pain. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct air testing anywhere to provide a comfortable and healthy living environment for family and friends. Edit the fourth paragraph. Main standards and differences in indoor air testing The difference between GB/T 18883-2002 Indoor Air Quality Standard and GB50325-200 1 Code for Indoor Environmental Pollutants Control in Civil Buildings is 1, and the standards are different in nature. GB50325 is a mandatory standard issued by the Ministry of Construction, which is mainly applicable to houses, office buildings and buildings. The requirement is to monitor after the completion of the project 1 month. GB/T 18883 is a national recommended standard issued by the State Environmental Protection Administration and the Ministry of Health, and it is a guiding standard. 2. The time of the two standard determination methods is different. The index determination time of GB50325 is 1 hour after doors and windows are closed, and GB/T 18883 is 12 hour after doors and windows are closed. After closing doors and windows, indoor air and outdoor air cannot be diluted by convection. The longer the time, the higher the temperature and the higher the concentration of accumulated pollutants. Therefore, it is often that GB50325 does not exceed the standard; GB/T 18883 exceeds the standard. 3. The standard monitoring items are different. GB50325 is five testing items; And GB/T 18883 is more than 20 monitoring items. The GB50325 standard is wider, in order to take care of developers and construction units and let them pass the customs. GB/T 18883 is actually closer to people's daily habits, because people usually spend more than 8 hours indoors. The measured results are actually more accurate, aiming at ensuring people's health. ]GB50325 is a standard for project acceptance; At the same time, GB/T 18883 is more for families and finely decorated houses, and is not used for the specific difference of project acceptance. There is no distinction between Class I and Class II projects in GB 1 and GB50325, nor in GB/T 18883. 2. The standard values of the same project are different. 3. Outdoor blank should be deducted in 3.GB50325, and outdoor influence should not be deducted in GB/T 18883. 4. Different sampling methods. Sampling in GB50325 is 0.5mL/min, lasting for 20 minutes. In GB/T 18883, sampling is divided into screening method and accumulation method. The screening method takes at least 45 minutes, and the accumulation method takes annual average, daily average and 8h average. 5. There is no requirement for invalid samples in 5.GB50325. In GB/T 18883, as long as the blank inspection is beyond the control range, the sample is invalid. In addition, in GB50325, formaldehyde can be detected on the spot, but not in GB/T 18883. In GB/T 18883-2002 Indoor Air Quality Standard, there are two sampling scenarios: one is screening sampling, that is, doors and windows are closed for 0/2 hours before sampling, and doors and windows are closed for at least 45 hours during sampling. The second is cumulative sampling, that is, when the screening sampling test can not meet the standard requirements, the cumulative sampling method (annual average, daily average, 8-hour average) must be adopted. Cumulative sampling method is the user's measurement of indoor air quality under normal indoor activities, and it does not require that the room be deliberately closed, only that the sampling time should cover the period with the worst ventilation in the room. Of course, if the test results meet the requirements of the standard value after sampling and testing by the screening method, there is no need to adopt the accumulation method for sampling and testing in order to meet the standard. However, the sampling method stipulated in GB/T 18883-2002 Indoor Air Quality Standard has some defects, which are ambiguous and inconvenient to operate. So that some testing institutions still adopt the sampling method stipulated in the Indoor Air Quality and Hygiene Standard issued by the Ministry of Health 200 1. This sampling method is actually screening sampling. GB/T 18883-2002 Indoor Air Quality Standard jointly promulgated by the Ministry of Health, the State Environmental Protection Administration and the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine is essentially a basic standard for a healthy living environment, but it is not binding on building developers, decorators and furniture manufacturers at present. GB50325-200 1 jointly issued by the Ministry of Construction and the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine is a mandatory acceptance standard for builders and decorators in indoor environmental pollution control of civil construction projects. The detection conditions of GB50325 are more relaxed than GB 18883. Although the pollutant concentration limit of the former is slightly smaller than that of the latter, the condition of closing doors and windows before detection is only 1 hour, while that of the latter is 12 hour. Therefore, it is suggested that the final user's house completed and accepted according to the standard of GB50325 "Civil Building Engineering and Interior Decoration Engineering" is not equal to the sufficient conditions for healthy living. If furniture is introduced indoors, the indoor air quality is likely to further decline, whether it is a new house or an old house. For the sake of life and health, indoor air quality testing according to GB 18883 is the fundamental basis to measure whether the house meets the standard of healthy living environment. Edit this paragraph V. indoor air testing Process 1. Free lunch is not credible. It should be emphasized that many decoration companies are promoting "air quality testing after decoration". In order to ensure that the air test is reliable and the new house meets the environmental protection standards, it is suggested that you invite professional indoor air testing institutions to test the new house. 2. The more uniform the distribution of detection points, the more accurate the data. The atmospheric sampler used for testing is generally in the living room, and indoor air testing mainly tests three indicators: formaldehyde, benzene and TVOC. Workers install machines, test tubes, etc. , and start the test at a specific temperature and pressure. Generally, the sampling time of each test item is 20 minutes. 18883 is sampled by parallel double sampling and 50325 is sampled by single sampling. During the inspection, the staff will give some necessary explanations to the owner and record some data information measured on site for later analysis. At this time, you'd better record one. Generally, the detection time of formaldehyde, benzene and TVOC is 20 minutes. The staff will adjust the air flow into the instrument according to the indoor conditions, so as to obtain more accurate data later. After the formaldehyde and benzene tests are finished, the staff will replace the test tubes and test TVOC in the air with other test tubes for 20 minutes. 3. Learn to read the test results. When a new project starts testing, all relevant indicators should be adjusted to meet the testing requirements. After the test, if the owner approves the whole test process, it is necessary to sign the customer contact sheet and leave the relevant entrustment certificate (sampling sheet). After the test, the staff will carefully remove the test tube, seal it with a special soft plug, and label it with the date of the day. Generally speaking, it takes 3~5 working days to get a formal and complete test report, because the sampling results need strict instrumental analysis and chemical analysis process in the laboratory, and it is generally not credible to promise to issue a test report 24 hours a day. CMA measurement certification stamp will be affixed to the top left corner of the formal test report style cover, including the experimental method and standard, the name and model of the test instrument, the analysis time of the sampling time, the atmospheric pressure and temperature and humidity during sampling, the name of the test point, the national standard value, the test value and the conclusion. Edit paragraph 6. Selection of testing standard ① Code for Indoor Environmental Pollution Control of Civil Building Engineering (GB50325-200 1(2006 edition). Indoor air quality standard GB/T 18883-2002