For the connotation of Huangpu spirit, An Ti-cheng wrote in What is Huangpu Spirit? The article has carried on the preliminary elaboration to this. In his view, Huangpu spirit is "the revolutionary soldier spirit full of faith and true Zhongshan doctrine"; Secondly, "apart from its general military spirit, such as not being afraid of death, it even has political opinions (in any case) and our personal subjective hopes. Analyzing its unique spirit, it can be said that the Huangpu spirit is based on the three major policies set by the Prime Minister: (1) uniting with Russia, (2) uniting with * * *, and (3) supporting agriculture and supporting workers. Thoroughly implement the spirit of our party's support for the three major policies of agriculture, industry and farmers, which is why the Huangpu spirit so far is the Huangpu spirit. "
Later, at the Fourth Graduation Ceremony of Whampoa Military Academy, Guo Huaruo, a student representative, gave the same explanation to the connotation of Whampoa spirit in his speech: "What is Whampoa spirit? Specifically, it is to implement the three major policies of the Prime Minister, namely, alliance with Russia, alliance with * * * and assistance to agriculture and industry. Originally, this was the party's fundamental policy, but because it was particularly clear in Huangpu, that is to say, our classmates were very clear about these three policies and worked hard to support and implement them, so it was called Huangpu spirit. " This interpretation reflects people's understanding and understanding of Huangpu spirit at that time. Since then, Huangpu students have gained a broader understanding and deeper understanding of Huangpu spirit through the baptism of war and the tempering of life in the process of heroic struggle for the future and destiny of the country and the nation.
At present, there are two main explanations about the connotation of Huangpu spirit: one is to summarize Huangpu spirit into four words: "patriotism, revolution"; The second is to summarize the spirit of Huangpu as "sacrifice, unity and responsibility". Some people have further elaborated on these six words, thinking that with the spirit of sacrifice, we can be selfless and fearless, win more with less, and be ten thousand; With the spirit of unity, we can be as close as brothers, coordinate and cooperate, see the truth in adversity, and share life and death; With the spirit of responsibility, you can carry out orders, be responsible to the end, and never stop until you reach your goal. It should be said that both of these explanations are reasonable, just because the angles and levels of understanding are different and the expressions are different.
We might as well analyze these two explanations. To sum up the connotation of Huangpu spirit with "patriotism and revolution" can be said to grasp the gist and core of Huangpu spirit, which is also the essential feature of Huangpu spirit. Why do you say that? Because when it comes to the spirit of Huangpu, we can't help but talk about the Whampoa Military Academy. When it comes to Whampoa Military Academy, we can't help but understand the original intention and school-running concept of Dr. Sun Yat-sen when he founded Whampoa Military Academy. To understand the reason and purpose of Dr. Sun Yat-sen's founding of Whampoa Military Academy, we must understand Dr. Sun Yat-sen's bumpy revolutionary experience.
After Dr. Sun Yat-sen embarked on the road of democratic revolution, he launched and led many armed uprisings in order to overthrow the decadent Qing Dynasty, but all failed. 19 1 1 year1October 10, Wuchang Uprising was successful. Sun Yat-sen got the news in America and returned home at the end of the year. He was elected interim president of the Republic of China. The following year, 65438+1 October1was sworn in and announced the birth of the Republic of China. However, Yuan Shikai, who held the real power of the Qing government, with the support of imperialism, colluded internally and externally and exerted pressure from top to bottom, forcing Sun Yat-sen to resign as interim president, and the fruits of the revolution fell into Yuan Shikai's hands. Since then, Sun Yat-sen launched the second revolution and the movement to protect Yuan, hoping to achieve the revolutionary goal with the help of warlords, but both ended in failure. 1921May 5, Sun Yat-sen took office as a very big president in Guangzhou, set up a revolutionary government and actively prepared for the Northern Expedition. But the next year, Chen Jiongming, the leader of the Guangdong Army, colluded with the lineal warlords to launch a rebellion in Guangzhou, and Sun Yat-sen was forced to return to Shanghai. In desperation, Sun Yat-sen met the * * * production party, and he sincerely accepted the help of China * * * production party and Soviet Russia. 1922 In September, Sun Yat-sen began to reorganize the Kuomintang. 1924 65438+ 10, Sun Yat-sen presided over the first national congress of the Kuomintang, and established three major policies: uniting Russia, uniting with * * * and helping the peasants and workers. With the help of China * * Production Party and * * Production International, the preparatory work for Huangpu Military Academy began. Regarding the purpose of establishing the Whampoa Military Academy, Dr. Sun Yat-sen made it clear in his speech at the opening ceremony of the Whampoa Military Academy: "The only hope of opening this military academy here is to create a revolutionary army to save China from peril." The painful lesson told him that to save the country and survive, we must have our own revolutionary armed forces. On the idea of running a school, Dr. Sun Yat-sen hopes to establish a new revolutionary armed force to realize his ideal through new courses and new training methods. From Dr. Sun Yat-sen's revolutionary experience and the process of establishing Whampoa Military Academy, it can be seen that the patriotic revolutionary thought has always dominated his actions. Dr. Sun Yat-sen is well aware that for the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation and the bright future of China, the decadent Qing Dynasty must be overthrown, and all kinds of warlords who brought disasters to the country and people must be overthrown. Otherwise, the country is hopeless and the nation is not prosperous. To achieve this great goal, armed revolution is the only way. Dr. Sun Yat-sen took his last breath under the banner of patriotic revolution. His thoughts and practice have deeply influenced the Whampoa Military Academy, the teachers and students of Whampoa and the spirit of Whampoa. Because Dr. Sun Yat-sen's patriotism is embodied through revolutionary actions, the word "revolution" appears most frequently in Huangpu Military Academy. Among Huangpu teachers and students, the revolutionary spirit is the most distinctive. Even Mr. Chiang Kai-shek, who later stood on the opposite side of the revolution, said to the students at that time: "You came to Huangpu Military Academy for the revolution; If I don't engage in revolution or even counter-revolution in the future, you will rise up against me and overthrow me. " It should be said that revolutionary ideas were deeply rooted in the hearts of the people at the Whampoa Military Academy at that time.
As for the spirit of "sacrifice, unity and responsibility", it is emphasized not only in the education of Whampoa Military Academy, but also among the teachers and students of Whampoa, especially in the tests of the Crusades, the Northern Expedition and the blood and fire of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, which are manifested more incisively and vividly.
It can be said that "patriotism and revolution" solved the problem of "for whom to carry guns and fight for whom" in Huangpu spirit; "Sacrifice, unity and responsibility" in the spirit of Huangpu solved the problem of "how to carry a gun and how to fight". This is a matter of two levels. The former is the soul and direction, while the latter is the method and way. Although their explanations are different, the contents of these two levels are closely related and indispensable, and * * * exists in the connotation of Huangpu spirit.
Of course, in addition to these two explanations, the connotation of Huangpu spirit should also add two points: one is the spirit of hard work, and the other is the spirit of selfless dedication.
This point about hard struggle was very prominent in the early days of Huangpu Military Academy. At that time, the former site of Huangpu was "dilapidated, and it was a place where foxes and mice lived in secret for a long time." Grass-roots workers, "set out to repair, cut off thorns, remove dirt and dirt, fly chalk and pour blood, look brand-new." The former snake and mouse market has become a place to talk about soldiers. "At that time, the life of Huangpu students was also very difficult. Zhang Zhizhong, a former acting captain of the students' team of the Whampoa Military Academy, once described it as follows: "The students' clothes are just a set of gray cloth, and they have no socks and sandals barefoot. The house they live in is even more humble. At that time, only some students borrowed the tile house of Huangpu Army Primary School to live. Besides, I totally live in a temporary shed made of reed mats and sleep in a bed made of bamboo. "In the eventful autumn of the future, Huangpu students are also accompanied by hardships and struggles.
Selfless dedication also plays an important role in Huangpu spirit. There is a couplet at the entrance of Huangpu Military Academy, which reads, "You can't enter this door for promotion and wealth, please take his other road for fear of death"; There is a loud slogan among Huangpu students, "Love your country and love your people, don't want money, don't die"; In his speech at the opening ceremony, Dr. Sun Yat-sen told Huangpu students more clearly, "From today on, I will make a wish, never have the mentality of promoting to a higher position and making a fortune, but only know how to save the country and the people." All these strongly convey a message: As Huangpu students, we should have the spirit of selfless dedication, put the interests of the country and the nation first, and have the courage to abandon personal interests and join the revolutionary cause.
To sum up, the connotation of Huangpu spirit should include seven aspects: patriotism, revolution, sacrifice, unity, responsibility, struggle and dedication.