The July 7th Incident, also known as the Lugouqiao Incident, was a Sino-Japanese military conflict that took place in Beiping, China1July 7th, 937. Japan launched an all-out attack on China. The July 7th Incident was deliberately created by Japanese imperialism to realize its ambition of annexing China, and it was the beginning of its full-scale invasion of China. In order to occupy China, the Japanese army launched an all-out war against China. From June 65438 to June 0937, Japanese troops stationed in Fengtai held military exercises continuously. 1On the night of July 7th, 937, the Japanese army in Lugouqiao held a so-called military exercise near the military position in China without notifying the local authorities, claiming that one Japanese soldier was missing (and possibly two soldiers were missing) and asked to enter wanping county (now Lugouqiao Town) in the southwest of Beiping for a search. Defender China rejected this request. The Japanese army opened fire on the Lugouqiao area and attacked the defenders of China in the city. The 2nd19th Regiment of the 37th Division of China Garrison in 29 army had no choice but to fight back. This opened the prelude to the Japanese-Chinese war. Since 193 1 Japanese troops occupied the northeast of China, in order to further launch a full-scale war, they have sent troops into the customs one after another. By 1936, the puppet troops had surrounded Beiping (now Beijing) from the east, west and north. Chinese and Japanese defenders fought fiercely in Lugouqiao, and Japan sent a large number of reinforcements to attack Tianjin and Beijing on a large scale. Tong, the deputy commander of 29 army, and Zhao, the division commander of 132, died successively. In July, Tianjin fell. 1On the night of July 7, 937, 10, the Japanese army conducted military exercises near Lugou Bridge (known as Kelpolo Bridge in the west) more than ten kilometers away from Peiping (now Beijing). The Japanese army claimed that a soldier was missing and asked to search in Wanping County near the bridge. After being rejected, he shot at Wanping County and Lugouqiao. On the morning of July 8, the Japanese army surrounded Wanping County and launched an attack on the defenders of China in Lugouqiao. The 29 army officers and men of the National Revolutionary Army in China resisted. The platoon leader sank to the front line to direct the operation and finally died. Only four people of the company stationed in the north of Lugouqiao survived, and the others died heroically. Time of occurrence: 25 years of the Republic of China (1937). The initiators of the incident: Ito Shimizu, Ito Mu Yi, etc. Japanese Army: Defender of China, Third Brigade of the First Wing of the Japanese Riverside Brigade stationed in Fengtai: Brigadier Song of 2 100 Brigade of the 37th Division of the National Revolutionary Army, Brigadier Ji Xingwen, Brigadier Head and Deputy Brigadier. Political Background As early as the Meiji Restoration, while establishing a modern imperial system, Japan quickly embarked on the path of militarism and formulated an offensive plan with China and North Korea as the main targets. At the beginning of the 20th century, after the Russo-Japanese War, Japan replaced Russia, expanded its colonial power in the northeast of China, stationed the Kwantung Army, established the colonial organization "Nanman Railway Company", and used the northeast as the base for colonial expansion in China. During the First World War, Japan expanded its attack on China, sent troops to Shandong, and coerced Yuan Shikai to accept the "Article 21" of Japan's annexation of China. After World War I, Japan got rid of the political and economic crisis by plundering China, North Korea and other Asian countries, and carefully planned the China issue at the "Oriental Conference" in 1927. 193 1 08 September 18, the Japanese launched the "September 18th Incident" and attacked the northeast of China, occupying the whole northeast in just over three months. The following year, the Japanese army attacked Shanghai (the 28 th Incident), and captured a large area of land in North China, threatening Ping Jin, establishing "Manchukuo" in the northeast and "autonomous movement" in North China, hoping to occupy these areas for a long time. After 1936, the overall strategic plan "National Policy Benchmark" formulated by Japan, Japan held "General Officers' Exercise" to explain to the general officers who participated in the exercise the war deployment for launching an all-out war against China. Since then, the Japanese army has been sent to the northeast of China, and the elite Kwantung Army has been stationed in the area of Peiping and Tianjin, holding frequent military exercises. 1On July 3, 937, tojo hideki, chief of staff of the Kwantung Army, proposed to the Japanese government to immediately strike China, and then launched the July 7th Incident. On July 9, China and Japan reached an oral ceasefire agreement. At the same time, however, Japan dispatched more than 20,000 troops and 100 planes from northeast China and North Korea to North China. 17 In July, the Chief of Staff of the Japanese Army formulated the "Guidelines for Fighting against China when Exerting Force in North China", and the Japanese government decided to mobilize 400,000 troops in the hope of destroying China by force. 1 On the afternoon of July 7th, 937, the Japanese North China Guard1The 8th Squadron of the 3rd Brigade of the United Front, led by Captain Masataka Shimizu, went to the area between Huilongmiao and Dawayao, which was close to China's garrison station in Lugouqiao. At 7: 30 in the evening, the Japanese army began to exercise. At 22: 40, gunfire came from the Japanese exercise area, and a soldier (Shimura Kijiro) was "missing". The Japanese side immediately requested to enter the garrison station in the ancient city of Wanping, China, but the 2 1 100 brigade of the 37th Division in 29 army, China refused. While preparing for the battle, the Japanese army negotiated with China because of "gunfire" and "missing" soldiers. At around 24: 00, Jicha authorities received a phone call from Taihei Matsui, the head of the Japanese secret service in Peiping. Matsui said: Yesterday, the Japanese army was practicing outside Lugouqiao. When they heard the gunshots, they immediately stopped the team and found a soldier missing. The gunman suspects are China's troops stationed in Lugouqiao. They believe that the gunman has entered the city and demand an immediate search in the city. China refused, on the grounds that Japanese soldiers entered the city late at night for fear of causing local unrest, and China officers and men were sleeping. Soon, Matsui called the authorities in Kyrgyzstan and said that if the Chinese side did not allow it, the Japanese army would forcibly search the city. At the same time, the authorities in Kyrgyzstan received a report from Lugouqiao, a garrison in China, saying that the Japanese army had formed a siege attack on the ancient city of Wanping. In order to prevent the situation from getting worse, the authorities of Hebei Province, after consultation with the Japanese side, agreed to jointly send personnel to Lugouqiao for investigation. At this time, the "missing" soldiers claimed by the Japanese side have returned to the team, but they have not been reported. At about 5: 00 am on July 8, the Japanese army launched shelling, and the 3rd Battalion of 2 19 Regiment guarding Lugouqiao and Wanping Ancient City fought bravely under the command of its head Ji Xingwen and battalion commander Jin. Geographical background Lugou Bridge is located on Yongding River, about15km southwest of Beiping City. It is not only the hub of the south, but also the throat of Beijing. It has been an important transportation hub and cargo distribution center since ancient times. According to historical records, since the Jin Dynasty, the hinterland of the Central Plains has to stop at Lugou Bridge, which is the only way for Beijing to enter and leave the hinterland of the Central Plains. Once the Japanese invaders occupy Lugou Bridge, Beijing will be a dead city and North China will be at your fingertips. Wanping Ancient City, built at 1640, is a military fortress to defend Beijing. Lugou Bridge occupies a very important position in geography. As long as the Japanese army can occupy the Lugou Bridge, the traffic between Pinghan and Hankou will be blocked, which will make Peiping lose ground and North China can win it. So, the Japanese army attacked the garrison, and the China army stopped at Lugou Bridge. Began the prelude of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, the army deployed the commanders of Japanese and China troops stationed in the station-Lieutenant General Wan Langzhong and Xiang Yueqing (taking over). Head of the Infantry Brigade of China Garrison-Lieutenant General No.3 of Riverside, Co-Captain of the First Infantry Wing-Captain of the Third Infantry Brigade-Squadron Leader of No.8 Infantry Squadron of Yimu Zhengsan-Masataka Shimizu, Head of the Beiping Secret Service-Commander of the 29th Army of the Chinese National Revolutionary Army. Zhao, the division commander of Tianjin, Dagu, Cangxian and Langfang 132, Liu Ruming, the division commander of Daming and Hejian 143 in Hebei, and Zheng, the division commander of Huailai Ninth Cavalry Division. On the second day of the July 7th Incident, the China Producer Party Central Committee electrified the whole country and called: "Fellow citizens, Tianjin is in danger! North China is at stake! The Chinese nation is at stake! Only when the whole nation conducts the war of resistance is our way out! " And put forward "Don't let the Japanese occupy China!" "Bleeding to protect the family!" Slogan. Chiang Kai-shek put forward the policy of "not yielding, not expanding" and "not seeking war, but seeking resistance to Japan". Chiang Kai-shek once called Song and Qin Dechun (the second deputy commander of the 29th Army and the mayor of Beiping) and others, saying that "the ancient city of Wanping should stick to it" and "Lugouqiao and Changxindian must not be lost". After the Marco Polo Bridge Incident, China's * * * production party immediately electrified the whole country and called on the whole people to resist. Chiang Kai-shek also delivered a speech on solving the Lugouqiao Incident on July 17, 2007. The Lugouqiao Incident opened the prelude to the national war. After the July 7th Incident broke out, the Japanese attack was resisted by the China army. Seeing that it was difficult to occupy the Lugou Bridge for the time being, the Japanese army conducted "local negotiations." On the one hand, they want to bring China to its knees through negotiations; on the other hand, they seek time to deploy troops. Subsequently, 1 1,1On July 9, 9, the agreement reached between the Japanese North China Garrison and the Hebei authorities was proved to be a dead letter by the intermittent gunfire of Lugou Bridge. "On-the-spot negotiation" won the Japanese army time to send more troops to North China, but it blinded the attention of Hebei authorities, delayed the preparation of 29 army's troops deployment, and brought great harm to the anti-Japanese war in Peiping and Tianjin. By July 25th, more than 60,000 Japanese troops had assembled in Peiping and Tianjin. After the Japanese army's operational deployment in North China was basically completed, the Langfang Incident and the Guang 'anmen Incident were created on July 25th and 26th. On the afternoon of 26th, the defenders in North China issued an ultimatum to 29 army, demanding that all defenders in China withdraw from the Peiping-Tianjin area before 28th, or they will take action. Rejected by Song, he announced to the whole country on the 27th that he would protect his country and defend it against Japan. On the same day, with the approval of the Emperor, the Japanese General Staff Department ordered the Japanese North China Guard to launch an attack on 29 army, and transferred about 200,000 people from five divisions from China, and issued a formal combat mission to the commander of the North China Guard to Yueqing: "Responsible for crusade against the China army in Ping Jin." A bloody battle between Tianjin and Hebei is inevitable. China's army resisted at the corner. On the morning of July 28th, the Japanese army launched a general attack on Beiping as scheduled. At that time, the headquarters of Kiyosuke Qingye had assembled in the 20th Division of the Korean Army around Peiping, and the Kwantung Army was independently mixed into two brigades: 1 and1. The infantry brigade of China Army stationed in the station is about 10000. Under the cover of 100 cannons, armored vehicles and dozens of planes, we headed for Nanyuan and Nanyuan in the western suburbs of Beiping. The first batch of 29 army soldiers fought bloody battles in their respective stations and wrote an unyielding battle song. Nanyuan is the focus of the Japanese attack. More than 8,000 people of 29 army 1 regiment stationed in Nanyuan (including more than 500 students of1regiment trained in Nanyuan) dug trenches and fought tenaciously. Finally, Tong, the deputy commander of the 5th Army of 29 army, and Zhao, the division commander of the 438+032 division of the 65th Army, died, and many students of the military training regiment also died in the battle. On the night of 28th, Song left Beiping, and on 29th, Beiping fell. In the early morning of 29th, Zhang Qingyu, the captain of Jidong Security Team 1 Corps, and Zhang Yantian, the captain of the Second Corps, launched an uprising in Tongxian County, and captured Yin Rugeng alive (and then escaped). On July 29th, the 38th Division of 29 army, led by Li Wentian, the deputy commander, launched an attack on the Japanese army at Tianjin Railway Station and Guang Hai Temple, which was heavily bombed by Japanese planes, causing heavy casualties, so it was ordered to retreat. On the 30th, Tianjin fell. After the July 7th Incident, Japan mobilized almost all its military forces and started an all-round attack. The July 7th Incident was the beginning of China's comprehensive War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, and China opened the first large-scale battlefield in the East. Countries * * * achieved the second cooperation, and the Red Army was reorganized into the Eighth Route Army and the New Fourth Army.

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