19 17 At the beginning of this year, the February Revolution broke out in Russia and the czar's government was overthrown. Germany, which has been fighting on two fronts (in fact, the main battlefield is on the western front), thought it would be a great relief. Unexpectedly, the Russian bourgeois provisional government would rather let the national economy collapse and insist on carrying out the war to the end. In fact, at that time, Russia was already at home and abroad, its people were poor and its economy was exhausted. "Bread, land and peace" are three slogans put forward by the Soviet regime. 1917165438+10.7 On October 7, after the victory of the October Revolution in Russia, the newly-born Soviet regime held peace talks with Germany, an ally, in order to quit the war, after which its peace proposal was rejected by the allies. At that time, Germany had exhausted its resources and was in danger, so it accepted the peace talks. On February 3, 65438, negotiations began. Germany, eager to obtain the industrial and mining resources in short supply in the war, put forward the harsh conditions of ceding Poland, Lithuania, parts of Estonia, Latvia and Belarus to Germany and paying 3 billion rubles in compensation.

This caused serious divisions within the Bolshevik Party. At that time, the Soviet regime in former Russia had not been fully established, and the Russian Central Committee held a meeting. Lenin advocated accepting Germany's conditions and signing a peace treaty to win a breathing space for the new regime. The "leftist capitalist" represented by Bukharin opposes the signing of a peace treaty and advocates declaring war on imperialism; Trotsky advocated a truce, but did not sign a contract with Germany.

At that time, the Soviet army was extremely tired, lacking weapons and supplies, and its combat effectiveness was very low. Soldiers at the front line are generally war-weary, and they all have high expectations for the new Soviet regime to achieve peace. Relatively speaking, Germany is more cohesive, at least the Kaiser government has not collapsed. Therefore, Germany is convinced that Soviet Russia can't stand the domestic pressure, even if it can, it can't beat it, so it puts forward wild demands on Soviet Russia.

Trotsky, head of the Soviet-Russian peace talks delegation to Brest, made an agreement with Lenin before leaving: if Germany gave an ultimatum, it would make concessions and sign a contract. As a result, Germany really gave Soviet Russia an ultimatum. Trotsky telegraphed Lenin for countermeasures. Lenin immediately replied, insisted on accepting the German conditions and signed the contract immediately. But Trotsky did not accept Lenin's suggestion, but issued a statement refusing to sign the contract and led the delegation to leave Brest. As a result, Germany began to attack Russia on a large scale, and the soldiers pointed directly at the capital Petersburg. Soviet soldiers on the front line once again rose to defend their country, and the old officers in the army began to brew a mutiny against the Soviet regime. Many Soviet organizations in the army also longed for peace. They did not sign a contract with the Central Committee, and their revolutionary confidence began to waver. When the army split, the German attack was almost effortless.

19 18 February 18, in a very urgent situation, the Soviet Central Committee held an emergency meeting. At the meeting, Lenin's idea was rejected. Later, the Central Committee held a meeting overnight. After a heated debate, Lenin pointed out: "If you don't sign the peace treaty, you must sign the death penalty book of the Soviet regime!" Later, Lenin's idea was passed, and Soviet Russia informed Germany overnight and agreed to sign the contract. Germany didn't stop attacking after learning about it, and on February 23rd, it put forward more stringent conditions, demanding further cession of Ukrainian territory (Ukraine has food and coal resources urgently needed by Germany) and double compensation. Germany saw through the fragility of the new Soviet Russian regime and took the opportunity to ask exorbitant prices to meet the needs of the war.

The Central Committee of the Soviet Union and Russia held another emergency meeting attended by 15 members. At the meeting, most members expressed disapproval of Lenin's views. Lenin had to suggest that if this empty talk continued, he would resign from the government and the Central Committee. At Lenin's insistence, the Russian Central Committee finally agreed to sign the contract.

1965438+On February 24th, 2008, the Soviet Union and Russia re-sent a negotiating delegation to negotiate with Germany. 1965438+On March 3, 2008, the Peace Treaty of Brest was formally signed. According to the contract, Soviet Russia ceded millions of square kilometers of territory and paid 6 billion marks in compensation. However, the Soviet Union successfully withdrew from World War I, which won breathing space and consolidation time for the new Soviet regime. In addition to being able to transfer all the troops from the eastern front to the western front, Germany has also received a lot of compensation (although not all of them have been made), and its territory and resource reserves have been greatly expanded by more than one time. Kaiser Wilhelm II, who is headstrong, believes that with these newly added material forces, he can win the war, or at least win a dignified peace.

Of course, the Kaiser's abacus is wrong. Although the military strength was supported by strong material strength and did not collapse, Germany was defeated in succession in 19 18. Desperate, the German high command ordered the navy to go to sea to attack the British navy, only to trigger the Kiel port uprising, and then the fire of revolution spread to the whole army. 1654381October 9 Germany objectively speaking, the Germans at that time still maintained considerable combat effectiveness, and the allies were not sure to win the battle. This is related to Germany's strategy towards Soviet Russia. Of course, the Kaiser could not have had Lenin's foresight, nor did he realize that he would be defeated by an army that could still fight but was unwilling to fight.