In June of 14th year of Ming Dynasty, Taishiwala led 30,000 troops to invade the Ming Dynasty, and Ming Yingzong and Zhu Qizhen led 200,000 Central Army to the Northern Expedition. Later, due to the failure of intelligence, the whole army was annihilated in the civil fort and Yingzong was captured. All the 200,000 elites in the capital were wiped out. Four months later, he led 654.38+ 10,000 troops to invade Beijing, and Yu Qian led 20,000 Ming troops to win the battle of the capital.

The elite regular army in the capital was wiped out. Why is it only 20,000? Irregulars? Can you beat Vala, who just won the civil war and has high morale?

The story begins with the fiasco of civil litigation. In August of the fourteenth year of orthodoxy, the news that Yingzong was defeated and captured reached Beijing, and the capital was in an uproar. On the one hand, the elite of the imperial court has been completely lost in the civil war, and the capital is in an empty state of readiness. If Walla leads the troops to attack at this time, the court will certainly not run away. At the same time, officials and rich people in Beijing fled to the south. In order to stabilize the people's hearts, the country can't live without its master for a day. Empress Sun ordered Xi King Zhu Qiyu to manage the country for him. ?

The problem of supervising the country has been solved, so how to guard the capital? At this time, some officials suggested learning from the Song Dynasty and moving the capital to Nanjing for temporary shelter (in fact, to avoid it). However, Yu Qian, an official of the Ministry of War, strongly opposed it. He directly said that the officials who asked to move south would be killed directly, and the capital was the foundation of the country. The southward migration of the Song Dynasty directly led to the opening of the northern gateway and the enemy's March in, and several subsequent northern expeditions were unsuccessful. Have you forgotten the profound lesson of losing land?

Yu Qian's proposal was supported by Xi King Zhu Qiyu and the Queen Mother. The guards agreed: stick to Beijing!

So Yu Qian was appointed as the minister of war, who was fully responsible for the public security work in Beijing. At the same time, according to the special circumstances at that time, the Minister of War directly commanded all the generals and troops in Beijing.

Yu Qian has a long way to go.

In order to quell public anger, it will lead to a civil fiasco, and the culprit of the emperor's capture has been killed by General Fan in the civil fort change. At the same time, the country can't live without a master for a day, can it? Zhu Qiyu, the king of Xi, is only a supervisor at this time, not a real emperor, but the transfer of troops must be approved by the emperor and put forward? The country is important, and the monarch is light? Slogan, so on September 6, Zhu Qiyu acceded to the throne (subject to Ming Daizong), Ming Yingzong as the emperor's father.

The change of civil engineering was defeated by command and logistics. The Ming Dynasty learned a lesson, so it reformed the military system and promoted many talented generals (for example, Shi Heng, deputy commander of Datong who fled after being defeated in the civil war). The general does, but what about soldiers fighting? At this time, the capital was empty, so Yu Qian urgently transferred the standby troops from Beijing and Henan, the Japanese troops on standby along the coast, and the loyalists who transported grain from Jiangbei and Beijing to the capital to guard and strengthen the fortifications. The Tongzhou granary will be urgently transported to the capital and paid to every soldier who participated in the war six months in advance.

General has, soldiers have, where are the weapons? At that time, only110 soldiers in the Beijing army had armor, and their weapons were seriously inadequate. On the one hand, he ordered the Ministry of Industry to speed up production, and at the same time transferred the weapons in Nanjing to Beijing to supplement the garrison. At the same time, the helmets, armor, magic guns, arrows, artillery and so on discarded by the Ming army when it was defeated in the civil battlefield were collected.

Fourteen years of orthodoxy (1449), the first day of October.

Zhu Qiyu ascended the throne, and Ming Yingzong was honored as the emperor's father from a distance. As a result, Valla's attempt to seize Ming Yingzong as a political tool to attack the city and plunder the land was shattered, so Valla's army seized the captured Ming Yingzong and marched south in a big way, under the guidance of the surrendered Ming eunuch Ning, attacking the city and uprooting the land.

October 11

Valla arrived in the suburbs of Beijing. At that time, Shi Heng advocated blocking the nine gates of Beijing and relying on the strength of the city to resist the enemy. However, Yu Qian thought that Valla's morale was high at this time, so it was better to take the initiative and attack passively, so he arranged the army in the city outside the 9 th gate of Beijing and laid heavy troops at Deshengmen. While Walla arranged troops in Xizhimen, Yu Qian sent troops to meet Walla's army, defeated the vanguard of the army at night and exhausted the enemy.

October 12

Vala arranged his main force in Xizhimen, and at the same time held Emperor Yingzong hostage outside Deshengmen, asking the court to send Yu Qian, Shi Heng and other senior generals to meet him personally, and demanded gold and silk, forcing the Ming Dynasty to offer the city. But how could Yu Qian be fooled? On the one hand, he sent officials to appear before Yingzong, on the other hand, he proposed? The country is important, and the monarch is light? Unify the thinking of officers and men, and prevent the thoughts of the army from being distracted. That night, the Ming army took the initiative to attack and killed hundreds of Walla troops.

October 13th

Valla troops concentrated on attacking Deshengmen in rainy days. Yu Qian ordered General Shi Heng to ambush the troops outside the city, and then sent several cavalry to seduce the enemy by pretending to fail. The vara army really fell into an ambush. The firearms of the Ming army's Jishen camp were fired in unison, and Valla's army was defeated. After that, Wala concentrated on attacking Xizhimen, and Wala kept increasing his troops. The Ming army was exhausted and retreated to the city gate. At this point, the general guarding the city asked not to open the city gate, and quickly transferred reinforcements from Deshengmen to beat back the attack of Valla.

October 14

The Warra army attacked Zhang Yimen, and Yu Qian ordered the defenders to block the streets outside the city, ambushing god guns and spears. Bring out the rear, the front team of the Ming army, followed by lighters and crossbows, repelled the attack of the Walla army. However, due to the eunuch leading the army to seize power, the Ming army was in chaos, and the Walla army took advantage of the situation to counterattack outside Deshengmen. At this time, local residents boarded the roof one after another, and used bricks and stones to fight against the Walla army. The reinforcements arrived in time and beat back the attack.

On the evening of 10 15.

Because the people from all over the Ming Dynasty organized themselves to resist the plunder of the Walla army, reinforcements from all walks of life in the Ming Dynasty were coming soon. So Valla led a team, kidnapped Ming Yingzong Zhu Qizhen and retreated to Zijingguan.

120, Valla sent envoys to pay tribute to Beijing to make peace and restore the vassal relationship with the Ming Dynasty. At this point, the Ming army won the battle of the capital.

Now let's analyze the battle.

I. Time factor

From the change of civil engineering to the breach of Zijingguan, Yu Qian completed important logistical preparations in these 50 days? Transfer troops/weapons/supplies. These material foundations not only quickly improved the combat effectiveness of the army, but also stabilized the people's hearts.

2. Talent factor

A thousand troops are easy to get, but generals are hard to find? Yu Qian launched Yang Hong and Shi Heng, especially Shi Heng, who was imprisoned because of the defeat of the civil fort, to defend the capital and become famous in World War I. ..

3. The undervaluation and strategic mistakes of the Walla Army to the enemy.

The soldiers are expensive and fast? If the Walla army attacks Zijingguan immediately after a short break after the civil revolution. During this time, the capital was unable to raise enough troops and food. If so, maybe Daming will probably die. And navarre army thought Ming Yingzong could rest easy. Where did you think that the Ming dynasty re-established the emperor, even Yingzong came to the front of the city, and the defenders didn't come to open the door to meet them? I never thought Yingzong was useless to him.

Four. Weapons and tactical factors

Valla Army is good at riding, shooting and fighting, but it has some weaknesses, such as limited strength, being bad at tackling key problems and few firearms. At this time, the morale of the Ming army was high, relying on the city, giving full play to the advantages of its well-equipped firearms, first luring the enemy with fewer soldiers, and then suddenly attacking with guns and rockets when the enemy approached. When enemy positions are disturbed by firearms, infantry and cavalry will launch a fierce counterattack. So that the Ming army can quickly turn passivity into initiative and win the war.