First, the bureaucratic bourgeoisie
1, meaning: the bureaucratic bourgeoisie (guā n liá o z and ch?n Jiējí) refers to the comprador bourgeoisie in semi-feudal and semi-colonial countries. They collude with imperialism and the landlord class to control the state power and monopolize the national economic lifeline. Also known as the big bourgeoisie, comprador bourgeoisie, crony bourgeoisie and crony bourgeoisie.
2. Typical representatives: After 1927, Chiang Kai-shek, Song Ziwen, Kong Xiangxi and Chen Lifu controlled state power through military action, controlled state finance through political power, controlled and established financial monopoly through financial means, and used financial advantages to establish commercial monopoly and annex private capitalist industries. With the help of state power, they received the state capital of the former government, issued bonds, levied exorbitant taxes and miscellaneous fees, and made commercial investments, thus forming a considerable amount of bureaucratic capital before War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression. They are typical representatives of the bureaucratic bourgeoisie.
Second, the national bourgeoisie.
1, which means: the national bourgeoisie is a group of entrepreneurs in developing countries. Its economic development has little to do with foreign investment, and its capital is weaker than that of the state-owned economy or the comprador bourgeoisie. It is transformed from landlords, businessmen, administrative officials and manual workshop owners, which is also one of the driving forces of China's social revolution, but it cannot serve as the main force of the social revolution.
2. Typical representatives: ① Zhang Jian, who founded the first textile professional school in China, pioneered the textile higher education in China; Establish a cotton textile raw material supply base for the first time to improve and promote cotton planting; Based in my hometown, I have made great efforts to develop the modern textile industry and made important contributions to the development of the national textile industry in China. He founded more than 20 enterprises and more than 370 schools in his life, which made valuable contributions to the rise of modern national industries and the development of education in China. He is called "the No.1 industrialist".
(2) Fang Juzan, Sun Yingde 1866 Fang Juzan and Sun Yingde set up a board factory machinery factory in Shanghai. At first, it was a manual forging workshop only around 200 yuan, which was specialized in building and repairing marine parts for foreign shipyards. 1869 used lathes, which changed from handicraft workshop to machine industry. By 1873, it had developed into a machine factory called "Changfa Copper and Iron Machine Repair Shop".
(3) Chen Qiyuan, 1873, Chen Qiyuan founded the machine silk reeling factory. Because there were no workshops and technicians to make machines in Jiancun and Jiangpu No.1 Division at that time. Later, Chen Liantai was responsible for the modification and installation of the silk reeling machine in the silk reeling factory, and Chen Qiyuan was personally responsible for technical guidance. Later the project was completed at 1873. At the same time, Chen Qiyuan recruited dozens of male and female workers (mostly female workers) in Jiancun and nearby Jishui Village, personally taught these new workers to "imitate the western reeling method", chose a good day, threw cocoons and started work, and named it "Jichanglong", which became the first machine reeling factory operated by national capital in modern China.
Extended data
The Historical Background of the Development of Modern Capitalism in China
I. Imperialist oppression
After the Opium War, China gradually became a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society. Especially after the Sino-Japanese War, the development of capitalism in China was greatly influenced by imperialism. On the one hand, imperialism disintegrated China's "closed door" tradition to a certain extent, promoted the germination of capitalism in China, and thus the bureaucratic bourgeoisie and the national bourgeoisie were born. On the other hand, imperialism plundered and exploited China crazily, which brought great disaster to China's capitalist development, especially the development of the national bourgeoisie.
The second is the influence of Westernization Movement, the Reform Movement of 1898 and the Revolution of 1911.
19 the westernization movement was going on in China in the 1960s and 1970s, and the huge profits of civil industries stimulated the rich and businessmen's desire to develop machine production. Both the Reform Movement of 1898 and the Revolution of 1911 promoted the further awakening of capitalism in China. In particular, the democratic bourgeoisie put forward the slogan of "saving the country through industry", which made the national bourgeoisie develop like mushrooms after rain during the two world wars.
Third, the cruel exploitation of Nanjing National Government.
After the founding of the Republic of China, the Nanjing Provisional Government issued a decree to encourage industrial development. China's national capitalism ushered in a short spring because there was no obstacle of autocracy, coincided with the First World War, and foreign capital was too busy to look east, coupled with the improvement of the national bourgeoisie's own status.
However, due to the decadent rule of Nanjing National Government, the rise of state-owned economy and the resurgence of foreign enterprises, the national bourgeoisie declined day by day. The crazy destruction of Japanese fascism in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and the extreme chaos of the national government's financial system during the War of Liberation finally ruined the future of the private economy and was completely destroyed.