Kilns and workshops in Ding Yao factory.
Twenty kilns have been excavated, all of which are "steamed bread kilns". The kiln base plane is horseshoe-shaped, which consists of furnace door, fire chamber, kiln bed and smoke chamber. It is 4 ~ 8m long and 1.5 ~ 3m wide. Bricks are used for building materials of kiln body, firebricks are used for fire chamber, kiln bed and smoke chamber, the inner wall is coated with a layer of refractory soil, and the bottom of kiln bed is covered with a layer of coarse sand with a thickness of about 10 ~ 30cm. Sagger is often used to replace some bricks as building materials in different periods. Funnel saggers were used before the middle of the Northern Song Dynasty, and cylindrical saggers were used after the middle and late Northern Song Dynasty. Before the early Northern Song Dynasty, the kiln used firewood as fuel, and there was firewood ash in the fire room. There are two smoke rooms at the end of the kiln, and there is no partition between the kiln bed and the smoke room. Two fire holes are built under the partition wall of the smoke prevention room. After the mid-Northern Song Dynasty, a large number of burnt cinders were found in the furnace chamber. There was a fixed partition wall between the kiln bed and the smoke chamber, and the bottom of the partition wall was provided with smoke inlet holes. At the end of the Northern Song Dynasty and the Jin Dynasty, the smoke room in the kiln site was generally divided into three rooms with three chimneys, and there were as many as 9 ~ 13 smoke inlet holes at the base of the partition wall between the kiln bed and the smoke room. Four workshops have been discovered, including 1 from the Five Dynasties to the early Northern Song Dynasty, and three from the late Northern Song Dynasty to the Jin Dynasty. The workshops are all near the kiln and integrated. The workshop site in the early Northern Song Dynasty covers an area of about 200 square meters, and the remaining facilities are 19 large pottery pots used for making porcelain materials. The remaining area of the workshop in the later period is more than 500 square meters, and the preservation facilities include brick sagger walls, stone wells, brick ditches, earthen stoves, circular grinding tanks for processing porcelain materials, earthen pits for stacking porcelain materials, brick pools for containing porcelain mud and glaze, and vats.