(Full score 120, time 100 minutes)

1. Multiple-choice questions (this question includes 33 questions, each with 2 points and * * 66 points, and only one option in each question meets the meaning of the question).

1. Synthesis of crystalline bovine insulin with biological activity. This achievement was nominated for the Nobel Prize in chemistry. Which country synthesized this substance for the first time?

A. China B. USA C. UK D. Japan

Beijing put forward the slogan of "Green Olympics" in 2008. In order to improve Beijing's air quality, burning coal for heating in winter will be replaced by natural gas. Mainly to

A. Reducing the emission of nitrogen oxides B. Reducing the damage to the ozone layer

C. Reducing sulfur dioxide emissions D. Preventing the greenhouse effect

3. The World Health Organization listed CIO2-2 as an A-level efficient and safe disinfectant, which has a wide range of functions in food preservation and drinking water disinfection due to its strong oxidation. The following statement about chlorine dioxide is incorrect.

A.clo 2 is an oxidant and B. CIO2 is an oxide.

C. After chlorine dioxide is sterilized, the valence of chlorine decreases. D. CIO 2 is oxidized when it is sterilized.

Protecting the environment is the responsibility of every citizen. The following practices: ① promote the use of phosphorus-free washing powder; ② Classification of municipal waste; ③ Promote the use of disposable wooden chopsticks; ④ Promote the use of clean energy; ⑤ Use a lot of chemical fertilizers and pesticides; ⑤ Promote the use of fluorine-free refrigerators. This is conducive to protecting the environment.

A.①②④⑤ B.②③④⑥ C.①②④⑥ D.③④⑤⑥

5. If there is a gas leak at home, the following measures should be taken.

A. call the relevant departments. B. ignite and burn the leaked gas.

C. Open the doors and windows to make the gas diffuse. D. Close the doors to evacuate people.

6. To remove the scale [main components: CaCO3 and Mg(OH)2] in the hot water bottle at home, the appropriate method is

A. adding hot water into a bottle; B, soak and clean with salt water.

C, soaking in alkaline water d, and washing with vinegar.

7. In March, 2005, a serious car accident occurred on Huai 'an Expressway, which led to the leakage of chlorine from chlorine tank trucks and quickly spread to residential areas, killing 8 people and injuring many others. When a large amount of chlorine gas leaks, the measures taken are wrong.

A when evacuating, cover your nose and mouth with a towel soaked in soda solution to avoid inhaling more chlorine.

B. If you are at the scene, you should immediately evacuate to a windy low-lying place.

C. Immediately absorb the leaked chlorine with sodium hydroxide solution or calcium hydroxide solution.

D. Firefighters spray concentrated ammonia water to treat the chlorine gas diffused in the air and not absorbed.

8. The gas poisoning caused by the interaction with human hemoglobin is

A.SO2 B . NH3 C.CO D . HCl

9 automobile exhaust (including hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, nitric oxide and sulfur dioxide, etc.). ) is the main source of air pollution. One of the treatment methods is to install a "catalytic converter" on the exhaust pipe of the automobile, so that CO and NO can react to generate non-toxic gas that can participate in the atmospheric circulation, and promote the full combustion of hydrocarbons and the transformation of SO2. What is wrong in the following statement is

A.CO reacts with NO to generate CO2 and N2: 2CO+2NO 2CO2+N2.

Switching to natural gas as fuel or developing hydrogen energy can reduce air pollution.

The disadvantage of this method is that the acidity of the air will be greatly improved due to the increase of CO2.

D increasing green area and planting more trees can effectively control urban air pollution.

10. According to statistics, the corrosion of ancient buildings in the 20th century is more serious than that in the past few hundred years, because

A. The corrosion of ancient buildings is a reversible process, which was in chemical equilibrium in the first few hundred years and moved in the direction of positive reaction in recent decades.

B in recent decades, the extensive use of fossil fuels has caused acid rain and accelerated the corrosion of ancient buildings.

C the number of tourists has increased dramatically in recent decades, which has accelerated the corrosion of ancient buildings.

D. The greenhouse effect has intensified in recent decades, accelerating the weathering of ancient buildings.

1 1. CH4, the main component of natural gas, is a kind of gas that can produce greenhouse effect, and the same amount of CH4 and CO2 has a greater greenhouse effect. The following are some descriptions about natural gas: ① Compared with coal, natural gas is a cleaner energy source; ② The greenhouse effect caused by CH4 and CO2 with the same mass is also greater than the former; ③ Burning natural gas is also one of the causes of acid rain. The correct answer is

A. only ① B. only ② C. ① 2D. ① ② ③.

12. The clean, cheap and high-power renewable hydropower provided by the Three Gorges Project is equivalent to the electricity generated by a thermal power plant burning 3× 107 tons of raw coal every year. Therefore, the Three Gorges Project is helpful to control

A.b. Emissions of nitrogen oxides

C. White pollution D. Hydrocarbon emissions

13. A small amount of zinc powder and copper oxide (other components do not react with acid) are mixed in the waste residue of a factory, and contact with waste hydrochloric acid to form sewage. If iron powder is sprinkled into sewage, iron powder will be left after the reaction, and the metal ions in the obtained solution must be

A.Fe2+、Cu2+ B.Cu2+、Zn2+、C.Zn2+、Fe2+ D. Zn2+、Fe3+

14. Iodine is the raw material for synthesizing which of the following hormones in human and animals.

A. Growth hormone B. Thyroid hormone C. Insulin D. Sex hormones

April 22nd, 2004 is the 35th "Earth Day", and the theme of our country is "Be kind to the earth-scientific development". The following does not fit this theme.

Adopt "green chemistry" process to transform raw materials into required substances as much as possible.

B. a large number of groundwater is exploited to meet the social demand for water.

C reduce or even eliminate the use of HCFCs that damage the atmospheric ozone layer.

D promote "green chemical products" such as phosphorus-free washing powder, fluorine-free refrigerator and unleaded gasoline.

16. In order to make rational use of municipal solid waste, in recent years, the classification method of municipal solid waste has been gradually implemented. Among them, plastic bags, waste paper and old rubber products belong to

A. inorganic substances B. nonmetallic elements C. salts D. organic substances

17. Water resources are very important, and the United Nations has designated 2003 as the International Year of Freshwater. The following statement about water is wrong.

A. distillation is one of the methods of seawater desalination. C. the hygienic standard of drinking water is the same as that of drinking pure water.

B. The density of fresh water is less than that of seawater. D. Drinking purified water for a long time may cause some trace elements deficiency.

18. With the increase of the number of motor vehicles, vehicle exhaust pollution has attracted more and more attention. Therefore, motor vehicle exhaust emissions may cause photochemical smog pollution gas is

A.SO2 B . NO2 c . CO2 D.CO

At the beginning of 19.90, the basic means of "pollution prevention" was put forward internationally. The following items conform to the meaning of green chemistry.

A. recycling waste and eliminating pollution sources B. producing green products.

C. no toxic substances are produced. D. pollution-free chemical production is carried out.

20. With the accelerated pace of people's life, convenient small packaged food has entered thousands of households. In order to prolong the shelf life of food, prevent food from getting wet and fatty food from oxidative deterioration, the chemicals that should be put into the packaging bag are

A. anhydrous copper sulfate, sucrose B. silica gel, ferrous sulfate

C anhydrous copper sulfate, ferrous sulfate, quicklime and salt

2 1. At present, the "white pollution" that needs to be solved urgently in China's environmental protection usually refers to

A. white smoke emitted by smelter B. White dust emitted by lime kiln

C. plastic waste, such as polyethylene D. white construction waste

The 2008 Summer Olympic Games will be held in Beijing, and the concept of "green Olympics, high-tech Olympics and people's Olympics" should be highlighted. Green Olympics refers to

A. Intensify anti-terrorism, emphasize the nutritional collocation of athletes from all countries, and let them fully participate in the competition.

B doping is prohibited to allow athletes to compete fairly.

Environmental protection is the primary condition for the planning and construction of Olympic facilities.

D. Olympic venues are built of natural materials, not synthetic materials.

23. Plants will rot if they are isolated from the air, and finally they can produce.

A. methane, oxygen, carbon dioxide, benzene

24. In the following essential elements, osteoporosis caused by insufficient intake is

A. potassium, boron, calcium, carbon, sodium and iron

25. The following statement about "chemistry in life" is incorrect.

A. The main component of cotton and silk is cellulose. B. Eat heavy metal salt by mistake, and immediately drink milk or raw egg white to detoxify.

In order to reduce greenhouse effect, liquefied natural gas can be used as automobile fuel instead of gasoline.

D. Organic substances such as formaldehyde and toluene released slowly from the interior decoration materials of new houses will pollute the indoor air.

26. "Green chemistry" requires that in the process of chemical synthesis, the atomic utilization ratio of the target product to the reactants reaches 100%, and the following reaction types are most in line with this requirement.

A. substitution reaction B. addition reaction C. oxidation reaction D. elimination reaction

27. China stipulates freon (such as CCI3F and CHCIF2). ) will completely stop being used as refrigerant in refrigerator production in 2005. The main reason is that their ingredients contain

A. fluorine b hydrogen c chlorine d carbon

28. The following substances must not be natural polymers.

A. rubber b wool c polyethylene d cellulose

29. Apple juice is the most popular drink. Because it contains ferrous ions, it often turns brown soon after being squeezed. Vitamin C is often added in production to prevent it from discoloring, which is the purpose of vitamin C.

A. oxidation B. reduction C. acidity D. alkalinity

John? Finn and other three scientists won the 2002 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for their outstanding contributions to the research of macromolecules such as protein. The following statement is correct.

A. The main components of wool and cotton are salting-out phenomenon caused by adding CuSO4 solution to protein C. protein solution.

B. protein solution can't produce Tindal effect D. protein will lose its physiological activity under ultraviolet irradiation.

3 1. All waste plastics-waste lunch boxes, food bags, woven bags, soft packaging boxes, etc. Can be recycled into fuel. 1 ton plastic can recover at least 600 kilograms of gasoline and diesel, so some people call recycling waste plastics the development of "the second oil field". The transition from waste plastics to gasoline and diesel.

B, converting macromolecular compounds into low-carbon hydrocarbons.

C. Transformation between polymer compounds D. From polymer to its simple substance

32. Ignite the mixed gas of hexane and oxygen in the closed container to make it burn incompletely. At 120℃, the gas pressures before and after the reaction were 1.8× 105 Pa and 2.6× 105 Pa, respectively. According to the above data, the chemical equation of the reaction between hexane and oxygen is determined (hint: under the same conditions, the gas pressure ratio is equal to the gas substance quantity ratio).

A.c6h 14+90co+5 CO2+7H2O

B.C6H 14+8O2 3CO+3CO2+7H2O

C.C6H 14+9O2 5CO+CO2+7H2O

D.c6h 14+ 15o 2 8CO+4co 2+ 14H2O

Some high-temperature fried foods contain acrylamide. Excessive acrylamide will lead to food safety problems. The incorrect statement about acrylamide is

A. It can discolor the acidic KMnO4 solution. B. addition polymerization can be carried out.

C. it can be esterified with ethanol. D. hydrogen can be added.

Second, multiple-choice questions (this question includes 5 questions, 2 points for each question, *** 10, and 2 options for each question1-meet the meaning of the question. If the correct answer contains two options, choose only one and give 1 point, but as long as you choose the wrong one, the question will get 0 point)

34. Grease is the general term for grease, and it is the glyceride of many higher fatty acids. The following characteristics and uses of oils and fats are related to

Its unsaturated double bond (C C) and

A. Proper intake of oil helps the human body to absorb a variety of fat-soluble vitamins.

B. Oil can be hydrolyzed under alkaline conditions to produce glycerol and soap.

C vegetable oil can be hydrogenated to make vegetable cream (cream)

D. Fat is an important substance for storing energy in biological tissues.

35. The structural formula of indigo, the earliest applied vat dye in history, is shown in the figure. The following statement about indigo is incorrect.

Indigo is composed of four elements: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen.

B its chemical formula is c 15h 10no2.

C. this substance is a polymer compound.

D. it is an unsaturated organic matter.

36. Vitamin A plays an important role in human body, especially in human vision. Its structural formula is shown in the figure. In the statement about this compound, it is true that

A. vitamin a is an unsaturated monohydric alcohol.

B. vitamin a contains benzene ring structure.

C. the molecule of vitamin a contains two functional groups.

Vitamin A contains three double bonds in one molecule.

37. Novolone belongs to anabolic steroids in prohibited drugs stipulated by the International Olympic Committee, and its structure is shown in the figure. What is incorrect in the statement about the nature of Nuolong is that

A. it can react with hydrogen. C. it can react with NaOH solution.

B.it can react with sodium metal. It can react with the newly prepared copper hydroxide suspension.

38. There are a large number of methane hydrates in the permafrost and deep sea areas of the earth. The main component is CH4? H2O looks like ice and is called "combustible ice". The following statement is correct.

A.CH4？ The water in H2O crystal is solvent B.CH4? The mass ratio of H2O methane to water is 1: 1.

C "combustible ice" has high combustion value and little pollution. D combustible ice can burn, indicating that water is combustible.

Senior two chemistry and life reference answer.

One, two, multiple-choice questions (1-33 small questions, ***66 points; 34-38 small questions, *** 10)

The title is12345678 910/31415161718 65438.

A, C, D, C, C, B, C, B, C, B, B, B, B, B, B, B, B, B.

title 20 2 1 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 3 1 32 33 34 35 36 37 38

The answers are BCC, ABB, ABB, BCB, BCC, BCC, AC, CD, C.