Kang Youwei once again put forward in the article "Overall Folding": from Beijing Normal University, provincial high schools, primary and secondary schools in various counties and specialized schools.
At the beginning of 1898, under the impetus of Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao, Emperor Guangxu of Qing Dynasty appointed Minister Sun Jianai as the first management minister of Shi Jing University Hall. In "A Brief Introduction to the Preparation of Jingshi University Hall", Sun Jianai showed the main contents of the preparation of Jingshi University Hall: 1. Set up official schools for court officials who were born as juren and scholars, focusing on learning western learning.
Two, the university hall should raise a way out for graduates, who have been appointed, by the minister of management issued a test language, the director of the award; Those who have not been hired will also be hired after strict checks by the management minister.
Third, streamline disciplines, such as Confucian classics and Neo-Confucianism, and set up another school of military science.
Fourth, the compilation bureau should mainly compile books in western languages, and the old classics should still be based on the "final edition of the saints". Even if it is not the final edition, one word cannot be added or subtracted to show respect for the classics.
Five, the general teaching can be set up two people, in charge of middle school and western learning. Western teaching should be well paid. Sixth, students should be rewarded instead of "adding fuel to the fire" to encourage them to study hard.
On the recommendation of Sun Jianai, Emperor Guangxu of Qing Dynasty appointed Xu Jingcheng, the minister, as the head teacher of middle school, and Ding Weiliang, an American missionary, as the head teacher of western learning.
1June, 898, Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty asked all provinces to do their best to run imperial academy in the Ming Dynasty. In addition, he instructed Liang Qichao to draft the Constitution of Capital University, which was the first constitution of Capital University and the early academic program of modern higher education in China.
The university campus is located in Ma Temple in Di 'anmen and the former residence of Princess Jia. There are more than 340 rooms here, and more than 30 rooms have been newly built/kloc-0, which is later the Second Hospital of Peking University. In addition, I bought a house by the North River and opened a translation school, which was later the Third Hospital of Peking University.
In terms of funds, it was stipulated at that time that the operating expenses of Shi Jing University Hall were 302,000 yuan, and the annual expenditure was 202,000 yuan. The Ministry of Housing designated to pay the interest of 5 million taels deposited by the China government in the Sino-Russian Daosheng Bank, and the insufficient part was made up by the Ministry of Housing.
Shi Jing University Hall has just begun, but it was destroyed when foreign enemies invaded Beijing two years later. The school buildings were occupied, books and equipment were destroyed, and the university auditorium was difficult to maintain. It was ordered to close on August 3.
Shi Jing University resumed on 1902 17 February 17, and the library reopened in the same year. Zhang Baixi, the official minister, was appointed as the minister of management, Wu Rulun and Gu Hongming were appointed as vice presidents, Yan Fu and Lin Shu were appointed as the director of the general office and vice presidents of the University Translation and Publishing Bureau respectively, and all aspects began to get on the right track.
After the restoration, Shi Jing University Hall first offered two courses: acceleration and preparation. The crash course is divided into official schools and normal schools, with a duration of 3 to 4 years. You can be a junior official or a school teacher after graduation. On September 13 of that year, the joint entrance examination for accelerated courses was officially held, and the second joint entrance examination was held on126 10, and was admitted twice in 182, and the school started on 10/65438. The preparatory part is the political department and the art department. Political subjects include history, politics, law, trade and financial management; Art disciplines include sound, light, culture, agriculture, engineering, medicine and mathematics. The preparatory course lasts for three years, and after graduation, you can be promoted to a university special subject and be awarded the qualification of a juror. At this time, Beijing Wentong Museum was also incorporated into Shi Jing University Hall. Wentong Pavilion was established by the Qing government in the Prime Minister's yamen on 1862. Wentongguan is the first modern higher government-run school in China, and later merged into Shi Jing University Hall, which is an integral part of Shi Jing University Hall.
After a period of preparation, the entrance examination was officially held in the Auditorium of Shi Jing University. In order to do a good job in enrollment, Shi Jing University Hall issued a notice to the governors of all provinces in China, asking all localities to give active cooperation and support. After receiving the notice, all local officials should be selected locally, and then sent to Beijing to take the national unified examination.
The first thing for Shi Jing University Hall to enroll students this time is a crash course. Candidates' scores are evaluated on a scale of 100, and 60 points are passed. This scoring method is the beginning of calculating students' test scores with the passing standard of 60 points in colleges and universities in China. This exam is also the first formal entrance exam held by Shi Jing University. This time, 200 students were admitted.
1903, the Qing government ordered Zhang Zhidong and Cecilia Cheung, the leaders of the "Westernization School", to change the academic system, revised the constitution of Shi Jing University Hall, and promulgated the Constitution of Playing University Hall.
According to the new regulations, imperial academy is divided into seven families and 35 families instead of eight families and 46 families, mainly by adding Confucian classics, including Zhouyi, Shangshu, Shi Mao, Three Biographies of the Spring and Autumn Period, Li San, The Analects of Confucius, Mencius and Neo-Confucianism 1 1. The college was renamed Tongru College with a fixed term of 5 years; The university hall has a director, who is in charge of all subjects of the school and directs the school staff, which is equivalent to the later university president and is controlled by the prime minister.
In the same year, Shi Jing University Hall added Jinshi Hall, Translation Hall and Medical Hall. Graduates were awarded the titles of Gong Sheng, Juren and Jinshi respectively. In the same year, the minister of management was changed to the minister of educational administration, in charge of national academic affairs. In addition, a Governor's College was established to take charge of the affairs of Shi Jing University Hall, and HengJia Zhang was appointed as the first Governor's College, so Shi Jing University Hall became a pure institution of higher learning. 1904, Shi Jing university sent the first batch of 47 students to study abroad. This is the beginning of sending international students to universities in China. On April 30th, 1905, the first sports meeting was held in the auditorium of Shi Jing University. The school particularly emphasizes that the purpose of the sports meeting is to cultivate the spirit of "making up your mind in the face of everything and paying attention to your own death". At this sports meeting, the school also asked athletes to repeatedly shout slogans such as "The Queen Mother has no boundaries and the Emperor has no boundaries".
1In April, 906, the second sports meeting was held in the auditorium of Shi Jing University, including 100m, 200m, 300m, 499m, 600m, 800m, hurdles, high jump, jumping and throwing, as well as three-legged walking, one-legged walking and ridge-crossing walking.
19 10, Shi Jing university hall opened a branch school, and * * * opened seven subjects: economics, law, politics, literature, geography, agriculture, engineering and business. The classics include The Book of Songs, Zhou Li and Zuo Zhuan in the Spring and Autumn Period. The law and politics section includes politics and law; The liberal arts include China literature and China history. Business has bank insurance; Agricultural science includes agronomy; Gezhike has geology and chemistry; Engineering includes civil engineering, mining and metallurgy. In this way, a comprehensive university with modern significance has begun to take shape.
This university has a professional academic system of three to four years. After graduation, you can go to college for further study and give a background of Jinshi.
19 12 years, Yan Fu, who had translated The Theory of Evolution, was appointed as the director of the Imperial University and took over the affairs of the University. In May, it was renamed "Peking University" and Yan Fu became the first president of Peking University.
Since the abolition of the imperial examination system and imperial academy, Shi Jing University Hall has become the only institution of higher learning and higher education management in China, and it has also become a substitute for the imperial examination system. It inherits and replaces the imperial examination system and imperial academy, and is the connecting link between the ancient scholar system and the evolution of modern higher education. Therefore, many scholars, such as Hu Shi, Ji Xianlin, Feng Youlan, Zhou Peiyuan, Ren, etc. It is believed that Shi Jing University Hall is the only orthodox successor of the national Gaoyun institution since imperial academy in Han Dynasty, and even its history can be traced back to the establishment of imperial academy by Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty more than 2,000 years ago.
The establishment of Shi Jing University Hall is a symbol of the modernization of China's higher education. Its main feature is the introduction of western capitalist civilization and modern scientific culture on the basis of inheriting China's ancient civilization. It has made China's government-run education take a big step forward, and greatly promoted the historical position of Beijing's government-run education.
Since ancient times, Nanjing has been a city that respects and attaches importance to education, which is prosperous and has the reputation of "the literary hub in the world". The earliest official school record in Nanjing is that Gong Xue, the Confucius Temple in Gong Xue, was built in the Song Dynasty. Later generations carried out maintenance and construction of this school palace. During the period of imperial academy in Nanjing in Ming Dynasty, imperial academy in Nanjing became a prosperous institution of higher learning in the world at that time.
Imperial University