Spring Festival couplets were produced at the latest in the late Tang Dynasty, which may be traced back to the prosperous Tang Dynasty, that is, around the seventh and eighth centuries. Ming and Qing Dynasties are the mature period of couplets. Especially from the early Qing Dynasty to the founding of New China, it was its heyday.
Spring Festival couplets, also known as "spring stickers", "door pairs" and "couplets", are one of the red festive elements "Year Red" posted during the New Year. It depicts a beautiful image and expresses good wishes with neat, concise and exquisite words. It is a unique literary form in China and an important custom for Chinese New Year in China.
"China Studies"
Sinology, also known as Sinology or China Studies, refers to the traditional culture and knowledge of China. Including China's ancient thoughts, philosophy, history, geography, politics, economy, calligraphy and painting, music, art, medicine, astrology, architecture and many other aspects.
The word "Sinology" came into being in the 1920s, but the trend of "Western learning spreading to the East" has just ignited. Zhang Zhidong, Wei Yuan and others put forward the concept of "middle school" in order to oppose western learning, and advocated that "middle school should be the body and western learning should be used" in order to learn western civilization and restore Confucian classics in Han Dynasty. During the May 4th Movement, Chen Duxiu and others launched the New Culture Movement, blaming China's backwardness and beatings on the feudal system for two thousand years, and blaming Confucius and the Four Books and Five Classics for putting forward radical slogans such as "Down with Kongjiadian". However, in the later stage of the movement, Hu Shi and others put forward the slogan of "sorting out the national heritage" and advocated the slogan of "studying problems, introducing theories, sorting out the national heritage and recreating civilization", trying to find an organic combination of Chinese and Western civilizations from China traditional culture and find a way out for China's new life.
1949 after the founding of new China, with the criticism of Hu Shi's comprador philosophy and bourgeois idealism, as well as previous literary criticism movements, "Sinology" as a slogan or noun has basically disappeared. It was only after 1980s that sinology became more and more popular at home and abroad, with the rising trend of thought of "Love my China" and the slogan of "The Rise of China", especially the spread of Confucius Institutes overseas and the constant performance of memorial ceremonies for Confucius in China. It is "how the water of the Yellow River moves the sky and carries mud and sand". Some cultural speculators are also aware of this bull market, labeling Yin and Yang gossip, predicting superstition, astrology, spiritual power, witches and gods, building yin houses, worshiping temples, and even restoring traditional Chinese characters, and advocating primary school students to read classics as a way to revitalize "Chinese studies."