At present, there are three main incentive modes for household distributed photovoltaic in the world: the benchmark feed-in tariff (FIT) policy, the net metering policy and the self-consumption policy.
1) benchmark feed-in tariff policy
The benchmark feed-in tariff policy was widely adopted by European countries before 20 1 1. In 2000, Germany took the lead in implementing the "benchmark feed-in tariff" law. The implementation of this policy has greatly boosted the domestic photovoltaic market in Germany, and the installed photovoltaic capacity in Germany has ranked first in the world for many years. After Germany, other European countries began to implement the method of "benchmark feed-in tariff", which made the photovoltaic market in Europe rise rapidly. In 2007 and 2008, the European PV market accounted for 80% of the world PV market. In this mode, the grid-connected point is on the grid side, and the grid purchases photovoltaic power in full according to the photovoltaic power generation and the benchmark on-grid price.
2) Net electricity bill settlement policy
At first, the United States mainly implemented the net electricity settlement policy, and 42 of the 50 States in the United States adopted the "net electricity settlement method" to encourage distributed photovoltaic power generation and distributed wind power generation. After 20 10, the photovoltaic electricity price in European countries has been lower than the retail electricity price of power grid, and many countries have begun to adopt the policy of "net electricity settlement" This model requires that the annual electricity consumption is greater than the photovoltaic power generation. The photovoltaic grid-connected connection point is set on the load side of the user's electricity meter, which does not measure the self-consumed photovoltaic power and can directly enjoy the retail electricity price of the power grid in a power-saving way; Photovoltaic reverse power supply pushes the meter to reverse, or two-way measurement, and the net electricity is settled, that is, the electricity consumption and the electricity sent back to the power grid are settled according to the difference, and the settlement period is one year.
3) Self-consumption policy
20 1 1 Germany issued a "self-consumption" policy to encourage photovoltaic users to use it spontaneously. The principle of this model is "spontaneous self-use, and surplus electricity is connected to the Internet". The photovoltaic grid-connected connection point is located at the load side of the user's electricity meter, so it is necessary to add a meter for photovoltaic reverse transmission, or set the grid electricity meter as two-way metering. Do not measure the self-consumption photovoltaic power, directly save electricity and enjoy the retail electricity price of the power grid; The reverse power supply is measured separately and settled according to the published photovoltaic on-grid price.